Balloon frame

Framing, in construction known as light-frame

construction, is a building technique based around vertical structural members, usually called studs, which provide a stable frame to which interior and exterior wall coverings are attached, and covered by a roof made of horizontal ceiling joists and sloping rafters (or pre-fabricated roof trusses).

Modern light-frame structures usually gain strength from rigid panels (plywood and other plywood-like composites such as oriented strand board (OSB) used to form all or part of wall sections) but until recently carpenters employed various forms of diagonal bracing (called wind braces) to stabilize walls. Diagonal bracing remains a vital interior part of many roof systems, and in-wall wind braces are required by building codes in many municipalities or by individual state laws in the United States.

Light frame construction using standardized dimensional lumber has become the dominant construction method in North America and Australia because of its economy. Use of minimal structural materials allows builders to enclose a large area with minimal cost, while achieving a wide variety of architectural styles. The ubiquitous platform framing and the older balloon framing are the two different light frame construction systems used in North America.

Non-bearing walls may be either perpendicular or

parallel to joists or rafters. They often can be identified

from under the house because they’re not supported by

a foundation or beam. Because they don’t support

loads, they usually can be removed without

compromising a structure’s strength.

Load-bearing walls carry ceiling, roof, or upper-floor

loads to the foundation. Internal walls that support joists

at mid-span and transfer loads down to the foundation

are also bearing walls. Bearing walls usually have

perpendicular joists or rafters crossing or resting on top

of them and foundations underneath them. An

exception are the end walls of a gable-roofed house;

these usually run parallel to rafters and joists but must

bear the weight of wall framing

The foundation and footing deliver loads from the

house down to solid soil. The footing is wider than the

foundation to spread out loads.

Roofing framing. The weight of roofing materials and

loads compresses roof rafters, which pull ceiling joists

from each end, placing them under tension. The

resulting triangle transfers roof loads out to rafter ends,

طريقة التركيب

المراجع

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framing_(construction)

platform/-balloon-timber-http://www.thecraftsmanblog.com/framing

techniques.html-http://sheltertwc.weebly.com/construction

http://www.hometips.com/diy-how-to/house-framing.html