Home Area Networking for the Smart Grid Erik Cates David Green Daniel Han Justin Michela ECE 4007...

Home Area Networking for the Smart Grid

Erik CatesDavid GreenDaniel Han

Justin Michela

ECE 4007 Koblasz/MaxwellFall 2010

In Conjunction With:

Unmesh DeolekarDavid Gallmeier

CS 4911 ZeguraFall 2010

GE Smart Grid Project

13th November 2009

Home Area Networking Fundamentals

• The Smart Meter is “part Ipod, part electricity meter”

• GUI software + Microcontroller Smart Meter + Wall outlets

• Provides huge savings for both customer and utility

• Cost for our household system (Smart Meter + Outlet) = $357.65

• Building block for tomorrow’s Smart Grid


13th November 2009

System Overview


13th November 2009

Technical Objectives

Smart Meter• Manages USB/serial, ZigBee• Summarizes total household power consumption• Touch Screen GUI • Proposed Wi-Fi Communication

Wall Outlets• Measures voltage, current, & power for each device• Sends/receives ZigBee communications• Remotely controlled Relay for on/off control


13th November 2009

Outlet Hardware Diagram


13th November 2009

Design Review: Wall Outlet

Key Considerations

•Power Calculation Alternatives

•Safety (Personal and Electrical)

•Ease of Installation

•Space Constraints


13th November 2009

PCB Design

Design Considerations:

• 2 Layer Board

• Size of Board

• Surface Mount Component

• Component Placement

• Room for Expansion


13th November 2009

Voltage and Current Calculations

Voltage Measurements from Voltage Divider:

Current Measurements from Current Sensing Resistor:

Transfer Function of Isolators:

Combining equations:


13th November 2009

XBee Communication

• Support• Point-to-point communication• Mesh networking

• 150 Ft. Range with 1mW transceiver

• Industry standard for low power home area networking


13th November 2009

Serial Communication

• Baud rate consideration• Sending time vs. accuracy• Device compatibility

• Packet consolidation• Lossless conversion• Simple retransmission

• Multiple serial pathways in smart meter

• Rationale for choosing MEGA board• Supports hardware expansions


13th November 2009

Communication Block Diagram

Voltage Reader

Current Reader

Relay Control

ATmega Chip

XBee Device

XBee Device

Touch Screen GUI

Smart Meter USB Interface

PC GUI

Wi-Fi

Database Website


13th November 2009

Sampling Procedure


13th November 2009

Design Review: Code

Touch Screen Logic• Monitors user input & forwards it to Smart Meter

• Receives and displays power consumption data

Smart Meter Logic• Manages network of connected devices

• Maintains forwarding tables for entire system

Microprocessor Logic• Calculates power consumption

• Transmits consumption data to Smart Meter


13th November 2009

Acceptance Testing

Device: Smart Meter Fluke Parameter Value Value % Error

Voltage 121.81 VAC 119.1 VAC 2.28%Current .44 Amps .38 Amps 15.79%Real Power 53.31 Watts 45.26 Watts 17.79%Reactive Power 7.45 Vars - -Apparent Power 53.52 VA - -Power Factor 0.99 - -

Device: Smart Meter Fluke Parameter Value Value % Error

Voltage 122.38 VAC 119.9 VAC 2.07%Current .4 Amps .25 Amps 60.00%Real Power 26.2 Watts 29.98 Watts -12.61%Reactive Power 42.96 Vars - -Apparent Power 50.3 VA - -Power Factor 0.52 - -

50 Watt Light Bulb

Laptop


13th November 2009

Analysis of Acceptance Testing

• Compounded Error

• Data Transformation– A/D, Scaling, Sampling, Packaging– Multiple Transmission Stages

• Accuracy improvements are attainable


13th November 2009

Hardware Design Issues

• Operating Relay– Control voltage input

• Isolator Performance

• Microcontroller operation on PCB– Cross Talk– Capacitance on voltage source


13th November 2009

Software Design Issues

• Managing Serial Connections– Data length vs. Transmission time– 3 bi-directional pathways

• Proprietary IDE and libraries– Multiple libraries for each new hardware

expansion


13th November 2009

Budget And Cost Analysis

Typical System Cost1 Smart Meter + 20 Outlets = $1300

Project Budget and Amount SpentBudget = $440Spent = $450

AnalysisCurrent HAN systems exist in the $200 – 1,000 price range

Smart Meter Part CostArduino Mega $64.95Battery Pack $47.52Touch Screen $173.67

Xbee $22.95TOTAL $309.09

Outlet Part Cost

Relay $6.63

Isolator (2) $7.00

5 VDC Regulator (2) $3.26

3.3 VDC Regulator $0.75

Xbee $22.95

ATmega328 $5.00

Current Sensor $1.72

Crystal Oscillator $1.25

TOTAL $48.56


13th November 2009

Future Work

• Include Wi-Fi communication capability

• Develop outlet boxes for 240V main lines

• Incorporate time-of-day electricity pricing & Apps

• Incorporate solar generation & battery storage

• Streamline product packaging


13th November 2009

CS Project

• Designed Database to store remotely collected data

• Organizational tools for ease of access

• Web interface allows for world-wide access


13th November 2009

ProjectDemonstration

13th November 2009



13th November 2009

Questions?

13th November 2009


Home Area Networking for the Smart Grid Erik Cates David Green Daniel Han Justin Michela ECE 4007...

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