Holt McDougal Algebra 2 4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions 4-2 Inverses of Relations and...
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Transcript of Holt McDougal Algebra 2 4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions 4-2 Inverses of Relations and...
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Holt Algebra 2
Warm UpWarm Up
Lesson PresentationLesson Presentation
Lesson QuizLesson Quiz
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Warm Up
Solve for y.
1. x = 3y –7
4. x = y2
3. x = 4 – y
2. x = y + 5
8
x + 7
3y =
y = 8x – 5
y = 4 – x
y = ± x
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Graph and recognize inverses of relations and functions.
Find inverses of functions.
Objectives
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
inverse relationinverse function
Vocabulary
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
You have seen the word inverse used in various ways.
The additive inverse of 3 is –3.
The multiplicative inverse of 5 is
The multiplicative inverse matrix of
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
You can also find and apply inverses to relations and functions. To graph the inverse relation, you can reflect each point across the line y = x. This is equivalent to switching the x- and y-values in each ordered pair of the relation.
A relation is a set of ordered pairs. A function is a relation in which each x-value has, at most, one y-value paired with it.
Remember!
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Graph the relation and connect the points. Then graph the inverse. Identify the domain and range of each relation.
Example 1: Graphing Inverse Relations
x 0 1 5 8
y 2 5 6 9
Graph each ordered pair and connect them.
x 2 5 6 9
y 0 1 5 8
●
●●
●
Switch the x- and y-values in each ordered pair.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Example 1 Continued
Reflect each point across y = x, and connect them. Make sure the points match those in the table.
Domain:{x|0 ≤ x ≤ 8} Range :{y|2 ≤ x ≤ 9}
Domain:{x|2 ≤ x ≤ 9} Range :{y|0 ≤ x ≤ 8}
•
••
•
••
•
•
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Graph the relation and connect the points. Then graph the inverse. Identify the domain and range of each relation.
x 1 3 4 5 6
y 0 1 2 3 5
Check It Out! Example 1
Graph each ordered pair and connect them.
x 0 1 2 3 5
y 1 3 4 5 6 ••
••
•Switch the x- and y-values in each ordered pair.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Reflect each point across y = x, and connect them. Make sure the points match those in the table.
Domain:{1 ≤ x ≤ 6} Range :{0 ≤ y ≤ 5}
Domain:{0 ≤ y ≤5} Range :{1 ≤ x ≤ 6}
••
••
Check It Out! Example 1 Continued
•
••
••
•
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
When the relation is also a function, you can write the inverse of the function f(x) as f–1(x). This notation does not indicate a reciprocal.
Functions that undo each other are inverse functions.
To find the inverse function, use the inverse operation. In the example above, 6 is added to x in f(x), so 6 is subtracted to find f–1(x).
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Use inverse operations to write the inverse of f(x) = x – if possible.
Example 2: Writing Inverses of by Using Inverse Functions
12
is subtracted from the variable, x.12
Add to x to write the inverse.12
f(x) = x – 12
12
f–1(x) = x +
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Example 2 Continued
Substitute 1 for x.
Check Use the input x = 1 in f(x).
f(x) = x – 12
f(1) = 1 – 12
12Substitute for x.
Substitute the result into f–1(x)12
f–1(x) = x +
= 1
= 12
12f–1( ) = + 1
212
The inverse function does undo the original function.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Use inverse operations to write the inverse of f(x) = .
x3
Check It Out! Example 2a
f–1(x) = 3x
f(x) = The variable x, is divided by 3.
Multiply by 3 to write the inverse.
x3
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Substitute 1 for x.
Check Use the input x = 1 in f(x).
13Substitute for x.
Substitute the result into f–1(x)
= 1
= 13
f–1( ) = 3( )1313
The inverse function does undo the original function.
Check It Out! Example 2a Continued
f(x) = x3
f(1) = 13
f–1(x) = 3x
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Use inverse operations to write the inverse of f(x) = x + .
Check It Out! Example 2b
is added to the variable, x.23
Subtract from x to write the inverse.
23
f(x) = x + 23
23
f–1(x) = x –
23
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Check It Out! Example 2b Continued
Substitute 1 for x.
Check Use the input x = 1 in f(x).
f(1) = 1 + 23
53Substitute for x.
Substitute the result into f–1(x)23
f–1(x) = x –
= 1
= 53
23f–1( ) = –5
353
The inverse function does undo the original function.
f(x) = x + 23
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Undo operations in the opposite order of the order of operations.
The reverse order of operations: Addition or Subtraction Multiplication or Division Exponents Parentheses
Helpful Hint
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Use inverse operations to write the inverse of f(x) = 3(x – 7).
The variable x is subtracted by 7, then is multiplied by 3.
First, undo the multiplication by dividing by 3. Then, undo the subtraction by adding 7.
Example 3: Writing Inverses of Multi-Step Functions
f(x) = 3(x – 7)
13
f–1(x) = x + 7
Check Use a sample input.
f(9) = 3(9 – 7) = 3(2) = 6 13
f–1(6) = (6) + 7= 2 + 7= 9
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Use inverse operations to write the inverse of f(x) = 5x – 7.
The variable x is multiplied by 5, then 7 is subtracted.
First, undo the subtraction by adding by 7. Then, undo the multiplication by dividing by 5.
f(x) = 5x – 7.
Check Use a sample input.
Check It Out! Example 3
f–1(x) = x + 75
f–1(3) = = = 2 f(2) = 5(2) – 7 = 3 10
53 + 7
5
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
You can also find the inverse function by writing the original function with x and y switched and then solving for y.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Example 4: Writing and Graphing Inverse Functions
Switch x and y.
Solve for y.
Set y = f(x) and graph f.
Graph f(x) = – x – 5. Then write the inverse and graph.
12
12
y = – x – 512
x = – y – 5
x + 5 = – y 12
–2x – 10 = y
Write in y = format.y = –2(x + 5)
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Example 4 Continued
Set y = f(x).f–1(x) = –2(x + 5)
Simplify. Then graph f–1.f–1(x) = –2x – 10
f
f –1
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Switch x and y.
Solve for y.
Set y = f(x) and graph f.
Graph f(x) = x + 2. Then write the inverse and graph.
23
x – 2 = y 23
3x – 6 = 2y Write in y = format.
Check It Out! Example 4
23
x = y + 2
23
y = x + 2
x – 3 = y 32
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Set y = f(x). Then graph f–1.
f
f –1
Check It Out! Example 4
f–1(x) = x – 3 32
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Anytime you need to undo an operation or work backward from a result to the original input, you can apply inverse functions.
In a real-world situation, don’t switch the variables, because they are named for specific quantities.
Remember!
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Lesson Quiz: Part I
1. A relation consists of the following points and the segments drawn between them. Find the domain and range of the inverse relation:
D:{x|1 x 8} R:{y|0 y 9}
x 0 3 4 6 9
y 1 2 5 7 8
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Lesson Quiz: Part II
2. Graph f(x) = 3x – 4. Then write and graph the inverse.
f –1(x) = x + 13
43
f
f –1
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
Lesson Quiz: Part III
3. A thermometer gives a reading of 25° C. Use the formula C = (F – 32). Write the inverse function and use it to find the equivalent temperature in °F.
59
F = C + 32; 77° F95
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
4-2 Inverses of Relations and Functions
HW: Text Pg 245Tuesday (1/13)#4-16Wednesday (1/14)# 20 – 40 even, 41 – 46 all