McPherson, 7-A Stuart Road, Chelmsford MA 01824-4107 USA | Telephone 1-978-256-4512 | www.McPhersonInc.com

Ordering Information

Part Number 8105-0632-0 = Model 632 Deuterium source with MgF2 window, 110V (-1 for 220V)

Useful References:

Reference Wavelengths for Strong Lines of Atomic Hydrogen and Deuterium Joseph Reader

Wavelengths of the individual fine-structure components

of the n 5 1–2 (Lya), n 5 1–3 (Lyb), n 5 1–4 (Lyg), n 5 1–5

(Lyd), n 5 1–6 (Ly«), n 5 1–7 (Lyz), n 5 2–3 (Ha), n 5 2–4

(Hb), n 5 2–5 (Hg), n 5 2–6 (Hd), and n 5 2–7 (H«)

transitions of H and D are determined from theoretical

values for the binding energies. Theoretical line strengths

are used to obtain recommended values for the peaks of

unresolved blends of these components as likely to be

observed with discharge light sources and spectrometers

with low to moderate resolution.

Sources 1/2• Model 634 Deuterium source (side on,

MgF2 window, 30 W) for vacuum ultraviolet and UV range 115 to 300nm

Sources 2/2• Model 621 universal chimney-type lamp housing with

forced air cooling, safety interlock, 150 W Xenon Arc Ozone free w/ rear reflector.

Source coupler

• Vacuum energy optimizer with two source branches

Xe lamp(250-600 nm)

D2 lamp(115-250 nm)

Filter wheel for order sortingVacuum manual filter wheel with 5-posn, 25mm DIA:• Long pass filter for 220nm• Long pass filter for 400nm• Open• Block (for detector background)

Collimator coupling monochromator to sample chamber

• Compact collimating chamber employs aspheric mirrors to produce a collimated beam. Provides 90% of the available rays emitted from monochromator at the sample (in Model 121.) Vacuum NW40K ports

Exit slit

Vacuum Sample Chamber• Model 121 Reflectance /

Transmission sample chamber • three-sample stage (sample,

reference, blank) indexing between 1" samples

• Quik-flange type ports (NW100K and three NW40K)

• Measure variable angle reflectance at incident angles from <10 – 60 degrees plus transmission (180 degrees.) Freely position sample and detector angle with respect to the incident beam.

Detector 2/2

28mm(1–1/8 Inch) Diameter, 11–stage, Bialkali Photocathode,Head–On Type, Low Dark Current, High Stability,Low Profile (R6094)

GENERALParameter Description/Value Unit

Spectral Response 300 to 650 nmWavelength of Maximum Response 420 nm

Photocathode MateriaI Bialkali

StructureNumber of Stages

Minimum Effective Area 25 mm dia.Window MateriaI Borosilicate glass

Dynode

BaseSuitable Socket

Box and Line11

14–pin glass baseE678–14C (supplied)

PHOTOMULTlPLlER TUBESR6094, R6095

Electrodes K Dy1 Dy2 Dy3 Dy4 Dy5 Dy6 Dy7 Dy8 Dy9 Dy10 Dy11 PRatio 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1SuppIy Voltage : 1000Vdc, K : Cathode, Dy : Dynode, P : Anode

VOLTAGE DlSTRlBUTlON RATlO AND SUPPLY VOLTAGE

MAXIMUM RATINGS (Absolute Maximum Values)Parameter Value

Supply Voltage Between Anode and CathodeBetween Anode and Last Dynode

1500250

UnitVdcVdcmAAverage Anode Current

Ambient Temperature0.1

–80 to +50

CHARACTERISTlCS (at 25 )Parameter Max.Typ.Min.

CathodeSensitivity

GainAnode Dark Current (after 30min. storage in darkness)

Radiant at 420nm

Radiant at 420nm

Blue (CS–5–58 filter)

2.1 10 6

A/lm

A/lm

A/lm b

A/W

mA/W

Anode Pulse Rise Time 4 nsnA

Transit Time Spread (FWHM)Electron Transit Time

958811

200

60

50

Time Response

AnodeSensitivity

303

2 10

Unit

nsns

1.8 10 5

Luminous (2856K)

Luminous (2856K)

Anode characteristics are measured with the voItage distribution ratio shown below.NOTE:

lnformation furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliabIe. However, no responsibility is assumed for possibIe inaccuracies or commission. Specifications are subjected to change without notice. No patent right are granted to any of the circuits described herein. © 1996 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.

Subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may vary. Please consult with our sales office.

PHOTOMULTlPLlER TUBES R6094, R6095

Figure 1: Typical Spectral Response Figure 2: Typical Gain

TPMH1103E02AUG. 1996

Figure 3: Dimensional Outline and Basing Diagram (Unit : mm)

Socket(E678–14C)

TPMHB0223EA

200 8006004000.01

0.1

1

10

100

CAT

HO

DE

RAD

IAN

T SE

NSI

TIVI

TY (m

A / W

)Q

UAN

TUM

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y (%

)

WAVELENGTH (nm)

QUANTUMEFFICIENCY

CATHODERADIANTSENSITIVITY

TPMHB0311EB108

107

106

105

104

103

102500 1000700 1500 2000

SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

GAI

N

TPMHA0267EA

12

3

45

67 8

91011

1213

14IC

DY3

DY2

DY7

DY9

DY11P DY10

DY8

DY6

DY4

DY5

KDY1

SHORT PIN

25MIN.FACEPLATE

28.5 0.5

PHOTOCATHODE

A13

MAX

.

14 PIN BASE AR6094 R6095

92 2 112 2 TACCA0004EA

72.5

30

35

44

26

2- 3.5

19.111.6

9

25

BOTTOM VIEW(BASING DIAGRAM)

HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electoron Tube Center 314-5, Shimokanzo, Toyooka-village, Iwata-gun, Shizuoka-ken, 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, Bridgewater. N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1)908-231-0960, Fax: (1)908-231-1218Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49)8152-375-0, Fax: (49)8152-2658France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 8, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: (33)1 69 53 71 00, Fax: (33)1 69 53 71 10United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limted: Lough Point, 2 Gladbeck Way, Windmill Hill, Enfield, Middlesex EN2 7JA, United Kingdom, Telephone: (44)181-367-3560, Fax: (44)181-367-6384North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Färögatan 7, S-164-40 Kista Sweden, Telephone: (46)8-703-29-50, Fax: (46)8-750-58-95Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia: S.R.L.: Via Della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39)2-935 81 733, Fax: (39)2-935 81 741

Scintillator for VUV Detection

McPherson, 7-A Stuart Road, Chelmsford MA 01824-4107 USA | Telephone 1-978-256-4512 | www.McPhersonInc.com

Scintillator for VUV Detection Photomultipliers offer high gain, low noise and fast time response. They are among, if not the most popular and

widely used detectors for spectroscopy. It makes sense then, to detect vacuum ultraviolet radiation with a

photomultiplier tube. But photomultiplier tubes cannot detect very short wavelengths by themselves. Their

glass or quartz enclosure limits the response range. Addition of a scintillator is one method to easily sensitize a

PMT for shorter wavelengths (to at least 30nm).

Sodium salicylate is the most popular scintillator we use today. Sodium salicylate has excellent fluorescent

efficiency, nearly constant response in the 30 to 300nm spectral region, is easy to prepare, and does not affect

vacuum pressure. Stability of fluorescence efficiency is excellent over time in vacuum systems with clean dry

vacuum pumps. We have systems in the field using it for more than twenty years with continued good

operation. It is our first choice for preparing photomultipliers for spectroscopy in the vacuum ultraviolet.

Emission Wavelength: 420nm Decay Time: 7-12 nanoseconds Characteristic: Crystalline layer of approximately 1-2mg/cm2 Fluorescence Efficiency: ~60% for incident wavelengths 40 to 300nm

The coated sodium salicylate layer is mechanically fragile. Do not touch or contact it in any way. Sodium

salicylate dissolves readily. Do not wipe or splash any liquid near the coated layer. Mechanical or liquid contact

will likely ruin the scintillator coating.

Relative QE and Emission traces from: Techniques of Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, by J.A.R. Samson, Pied Publications 1927 South 26 Street, Lincoln Nebraska This book is out of print and may be available at a used bookseller. The newer expanded paperback edition may be easier to find: Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy / Edition 1 by James A. Samson and David L. Ederer

115-250 nm

200-360 nm

350-600 nm

Composite ratio

Hematite

Lamp drift characterization

• Ratio of two lamp spectra, obtained before and after the sample spectrum.

• Separation in time ~30 min

Lyot, 1929

Lunar Polarization

Moon

Volcanic Ash

Mare

Highlands

“per mille” or “per thousand”symbol

1971, Dollfus & Bowell14

128

0 Bo eo 120 160 LBO

Angle of vision in degrees

A-Mixture of a s h e s , of 0.13 albedo B -Average curve for the Moon

Figure 51. Lunar Ground and Volcanic Ashes

area is 0.13. Th i s number represents fairly well the average albedo of the Moon according to the definition employed in the present work (1).

The curve B of F ig . 51 is the average of the curvesfor the first quarter and the last quarter of the Moon. The similarity between the curves A and B is remarkable, considering the great dif- ferences that the curves of other materials show. On the other hand, the volcanic ashes scatter back in the direction of the source, even for very high angles of incidence, a proportion of polar- ized light which is smaller than that of all the other substances studied. This proportion never 'exceeds the ratio of 1/1000. I have shown (French page 46) however, that the Moon shows this effect only very faintly. Finally, the lunar ground, when obliquely illuminated, scatters much more light in the direction close to the Sun than in the opposite direction. The same is true of an area covered with dull powders and especially with volcanic ashes. All these similarities lead us to conclude that the Moon must be almost completely covered with powders having a consti tution similar to that of the Earth's volcanic ashes. These powders could also be in the form of a very

(1) The value of this quantity is poorly known. Zollner gave the value of 0.17, the Annuaire du Bureau des Longitudes gives the value of 0.15, the work entitled Astronomy by Russel, Dugan and Stewart gives for the most probable average value for the brightness of the full Moon a value of 1/465,000 with respect to the Sun (from this ratio a value of 0.110 is found for the albedo).

Accessible with LASP TREX lab

Roughly:10 – 100deg

(exact range TBD)

Vacuum pumpdown curve

Cooled sample holder

• Liquid Nitrogen cryostat (Janis VPF-100)

• Temperature controller with cable (Lakeshore 325)

Vacuum pump• 300 liter per second air-cooled

turbo pump system (Edwards) with adapter from pump to spectrometer, pump PS and controller, oil free scroll roughing pump, metal fore line to connect the two. Included gauge system with digital display and includes integrated controller • Manifold on pump connected to

spectrograph cavity and sample chamber (i.e. bypassing exit slit)

Lunar polarization

1970, Coyne & Pellicori

Coyne GV, Pellicori SF (1970) Wavelength dependence of polarization. xx. the integrated disk of the moon. Astron J. 75:54-60. doi:10.1086/110940

Polarization vs wavelength

200 300 400 500wavelength (nm)

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25po

lariz

atio

nWUPPE (not full disk) [8]

SOLSTICE

Coyne & Pellicori [7]

waningwaxing

Fox et al, 1998, WUPPE, MNRAS 298Coyne & Pellicori, 1970, Astron. J. 75

60° phase

21