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HOLONIC ENTERPRISE AS A COLLABORATIVE INFORMATION ECOSYSTEM
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Transcript of HOLONIC ENTERPRISE AS A COLLABORATIVE INFORMATION ECOSYSTEM
HOLONIC ENTERPRISE AS A HOLONIC ENTERPRISE AS A COLLABORATIVE COLLABORATIVE
INFORMATION ECOSYSTEMINFORMATION ECOSYSTEM
INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS GROUPINTELLIGENT SYSTEMS GROUPHEAD: Dr. Douglas NorrieHEAD: Dr. Douglas Norrie
http://isg.enme.ucalgary.cahttp://isg.enme.ucalgary.caThe University of CalgaryThe University of Calgary
CANADACANADA
FIPA Meeting
London, UK 2001
FIPA Meeting
London, UK 2001
MIHAELA ULIERU
HOLONIC ENTERPRISEHOLONIC ENTERPRISE
HOLARCHYHOLARCHY of Collaborative Enterprises of Collaborative Enterprises (Entity: Systems, “things”, AGENTS) - (Entity: Systems, “things”, AGENTS) - holonsholons
BalanceBalance AUTONOMY - COOPERATION AUTONOMY - COOPERATION
ReplicationReplication into self-similar structures at multi-resolution levels (fractalfractal)
HOLONIC ENTERPRISE AS A HOLARCHY
EC
CE CE CE
CC
EC
CE CE CE
CC
EC
CE CE CE
CC
EC
CE CE CE
CC
EC
CE CE CE
CC
ENTERPRISE
RESOURCEr
Field Cluster
RESOURCE
RESOURCERESOURCE
RESOURCEr
EC
CE CE CE
CC
EC
CE CE CE
CC
EC
CE CE CE
CC
ENTERPRISE
RESOURCE
Field Cluster
RESOURCERESOURCEr
HOLONICENTERPRISE
Dynamic Virtual Cluster
COLLABORATIVE COLLABORATIVE LEVELSLEVELS
1. INTER-ENTERPRISE (supply chain)1. INTER-ENTERPRISE (supply chain) 2. INTRA-ENTERPRISE 2. INTRA-ENTERPRISE
(planning/scheduling(planning/scheduling 3. MACHINE CONTROL (manufacturing)3. MACHINE CONTROL (manufacturing)
? What do we ABSTRACT into agents ? What do we ABSTRACT into agents at each Level - to provide the at each Level - to provide the desired functionality/resultsdesired functionality/results
• Group behaviorsGroup behaviors• Task • Agent classes • Interaction patterns• Coordination constraints• Task ordering constraints• Results constraints: task- related information, topics• Execution constraints
• ACLACL message protocols message protocols
• Group behaviorsGroup behaviors• Task • Agent classes • Interaction patterns• Coordination constraints• Task ordering constraints• Results constraints: task- related information, topics• Execution constraints
• ACLACL message protocols message protocolsJavathreads
Javathreads
ConvertConvert
Colored Petri NetsColored Petri Nets
SpecifySpecify
VerifyVerify
DeployDeployConversationConversation
ManagersManagers((centralized orcentralized or
distributeddistributed))
ConversationConversationManagersManagers
((centralized orcentralized ordistributeddistributed))
Conversationschemata
Conversationschemata
ModelModel
Conversation Manager
YP
IE
SchemataLibrary
ANS
I/O
ASP EE
Ready A
Ready B
Ready C
Waiting A
Requested A-B
Waiting B
Reply C
Requested B-C
Reply C
Request B Reply B
Timeout B
Request A
Timeout A
InterfaceAgent
CollaborativeAgent
KnowledgeAgent
Database
Reply
Reply
Re q
u est
Re q
u est
Flow of Information between Flow of Information between the Inter and Intra-Enterprise the Inter and Intra-Enterprise LevelsLevels
Flow of Information between Flow of Information between the Inter and Intra-Enterprise the Inter and Intra-Enterprise LevelsLevels
University of University of CalgaryCalgaryIntelligent Systems GroupIntelligent Systems Group
Calgary, Alberta, CanadaCalgary, Alberta, Canada
University of University of CalgaryCalgaryIntelligent Systems GroupIntelligent Systems Group
Calgary, Alberta, CanadaCalgary, Alberta, Canada
Internal Conceptualization Internal Conceptualization of a Conversation Managerof a Conversation Manager
Production Planning ScenarioProduction Planning Scenario
Abstract Abstract conversationconversation
SchemaSchema
Conversation Schema as Conversation Schema as a Colored Petri Neta Colored Petri NetSchema instantiation and executionSchema instantiation and execution
Schemaclass
Schemainstance
Agentnaming
Rule variableinitialization
Schema instantiation
Message
Schema execution
Recognizing Situation
Selecting a rule
Executing the rule
Sending messages
Updating and Memorizingstate informationIE:
ASP:EE:
ANS:
Inference EngineActive Schema PoolExecution EngineAgent Naming Sub-system
Task
Sub-Task Sub-TaskSub-Task
Machine1 Machine2 Tool1 Tool2
Virtual Cluster 1
Virtual Cluster 2
Task Decomposition
Partial CloningPartial Cloning
ECHolon
CEHolon
CEHolon
CEHolon
CCHolon
Production job sch ed uling lis t
Function blockbased
applicatio n log ic
Executable applicatio n cod e
Job ID Machine ID O-t ime Due date S-t ime Dependant j ob
FB logi cappli cation
Executable app lication code files
DEPLOYMENTMECHANISM
PATTERNS OF HOLONIC PATTERNS OF HOLONIC COLLABORATIONCOLLABORATION
Common mechanisms that characterize the information ecosystem created by the three levels of a holonic enterprise:
Dynamic Virtual Clustering configured to minimize cost and enabling for flexible, re-configurable structures
Mediator Agent (decisions on cluster configuration)
Partial Cloning (enterprises, internal resources, physical machines)
META
aG ENT 1- 1
m1 m2m3
m4n2
n3n4
p1p2
p3p4 p5 q1 q4q2
q3
2-12-2
2-3 2-4
3-1 3-2
3-31-41-3
1-2
n1
1- 1 1-41-31-2
2-12-2
2-3 2-4
3-1 3-23-3
Grouping Configurat ion(GT-ba sed methods)
Ta sk-driven Machine
Groups Ide nt ifie d by (GT-ba sed methods)
RESOURCELEVEL
Dynamic Virtual Clust er
DynamicMediator
Holon
Vir tu al Cluster VCH 2 Community
VCH 1 VCH 3
Per s is t Phy si cal Manuf acturi ng Resour ces Co mmu nity
ENTERPRISELEVEL
Schedule-Cont rolCluster
METAMORPHIC ARCHITECTURE
HOLONIC ENTERPRISE
HOLONIC PATTERNS HOLONIC PATTERNS INTERACTIONINTERACTION
Mediator Design Pattern
Virtual Clustering Pattern
Partial Cloning Pattern
Task Decomposition Pattern
Leads to using
Creates virtual clustering when mediators use
is used to add clone tovirtual cluster
Prototyping Pattern
is used in creatinga clone
Metamorphic Architecture Pattern
TASK DECOMPOSITIONTASK DECOMPOSITION Task distribution among the cluster’s Task distribution among the cluster’s
entities (“outside-in view” from the entities (“outside-in view” from the Mediator to each collaborative entityMediator to each collaborative entity
Task deployment within each entity Task deployment within each entity (“inside-out” view from the entity to (“inside-out” view from the entity to the Mediator)the Mediator)
ONTOLOGY “PATTERN”ONTOLOGY “PATTERN”: : - “peer-to-peer” (task - “peer-to-peer” (task distribution) - distribution) - “inter-level” (task deployment)“inter-level” (task deployment)
INTER-ENTERPRISEINTER-ENTERPRISE
The Networked EconomyThe Networked Economy
Wireless
Portal
eMarketplace
Suppliers
Customers
Partners
Employees
Business Model in the 20th Century
PartnersSuppliers
Customers
Employees
Business Model in the 21st Century
Enterprise Portals enable Integrated and
sharing of Information,
Services and Applications
among Suppliers,
Employees, Partners and Customers.
Content
Communication
Collaboration
Commerce
Customer Care
Employee
Supplier
Partner
Customer
Key Services Aggregated for...Targeted
Communities
Supplier
Partner
Content
Communication
Collaboration
Commerce
Customer Care
Any D
evice Access
Employee
Customer
What is a Portal?
Enterprise Information Portals Transform the Business Value Chain
The Enterprise Information Portal
Supplier FirmChannelPartner Customer
Suppliers Partners
Firm
Cu
stom
er
Traditional Model of Business Value Chain
Portal Enabled Business: “iValue Chain”
Becomes…
INTER-ENTERPRISEINTER-ENTERPRISE
FORCES TO BE BALANCEDFORCES TO BE BALANCED: : - Cost Minimization (maximum - Cost Minimization (maximum synergy: cluster the ‘best’ synergy: cluster the ‘best’ partners) - BALANCE partners) - BALANCE Autonomy-Cooperation - ‘On-Autonomy-Cooperation - ‘On-demand’ tracking; on-line failure demand’ tracking; on-line failure reporting reporting - On-line re-configuration - On-line re-configuration (to keep ‘optimal’ cluster)(to keep ‘optimal’ cluster)
VIRTUAL VIRTUAL ORGANISATIONSORGANISATIONS
SERVICES AND SERVICES AND MECHANISMSMECHANISMS
Metamorphic ArchitectureMetamorphic Architecture: : InteroperabilityInteroperability (FIPA); (FIPA); SecuritySecurity Standards Standards
Virtual ClusteringVirtual Clustering: : MediatorMediator needs needs Grouping PoliciesGrouping Policies (obligation, (obligation, authorization, constraining). authorization, constraining). Contractual Contractual frameworksframeworks that enable nested that enable nested management structures in policy-management structures in policy-restraining contexts and under security restraining contexts and under security constraints (constraints (COOPERATION DOMANINSCOOPERATION DOMANINS))
THE COOPERATION-COMMUNICATION THE COOPERATION-COMMUNICATION LAYERLAYER
infrastructureinfrastructure
An Architecture for Collaborative MAS 23
• • URL: [protocol://] [id@] host : port [/path]
PARTIAL CLONINGPARTIAL CLONING
ATTRIBUTESATTRIBUTES to be abstracted into to be abstracted into agents: agents: which goods and services which goods and services does the enterprise provide and does the enterprise provide and what makes its competitive what makes its competitive advantage?; marketing strategies advantage?; marketing strategies (attributes that enable penetration (attributes that enable penetration into a cluster and be chosen when into a cluster and be chosen when a new cluster is formed)a new cluster is formed)
MEDIATORMEDIATOR
““INSIDE-OUT” - Enterprise-to-cluster INSIDE-OUT” - Enterprise-to-cluster negotiation: ISSUE: obtain and maintain the negotiation: ISSUE: obtain and maintain the TRUST of the mediator in charge with the TRUST of the mediator in charge with the coordination of the collaborative clustercoordination of the collaborative cluster
““Otuside-In” - Cluster-to Enterprise decisions: Otuside-In” - Cluster-to Enterprise decisions: Flexible Utility Function (is cost of keeping the Flexible Utility Function (is cost of keeping the partner worthwhile). [Jennings - “keep partner partner worthwhile). [Jennings - “keep partner whose proposal is most similar to opponent’s whose proposal is most similar to opponent’s last offer, but whose trust degree is higher”last offer, but whose trust degree is higher”
Task Task Distribution/DecompositiDistribution/Decompositi
onon
Mediators can enforce Mediators can enforce Compliance Compliance MechanismsMechanisms (e.g. ‘reputation’ and (e.g. ‘reputation’ and ‘regimentation’) on the partners to ‘regimentation’) on the partners to coerce them to fulfill their obligations.coerce them to fulfill their obligations.
Negotiation FrameworksNegotiation Frameworks (Jennings) (Jennings) using ‘influence’ (Interactive using ‘influence’ (Interactive contractual design)contractual design)
INTRA-ENTERPRISEINTRA-ENTERPRISE FORCES TO BE BALANCEDFORCES TO BE BALANCED:: 1. Need to keep one’s position within the 1. Need to keep one’s position within the
collaborative clustercollaborative cluster 2. Need to stay Competitive2. Need to stay Competitive REQUIRED SERVICESREQUIRED SERVICES:: 1. Dynamic scheduling to accommodate new 1. Dynamic scheduling to accommodate new
orders “on the fly” (re-prioritize; re-configure)orders “on the fly” (re-prioritize; re-configure) 2. Security Policies; Advertising; Bidding; 2. Security Policies; Advertising; Bidding;
Interfacing with each cluster; “look-out”Interfacing with each cluster; “look-out”
PATTERNSPATTERNS Mediator AgentMediator Agent: channels all access to the : channels all access to the
system to ensure security and robustness of system to ensure security and robustness of the collaborative ecosystem inside the the collaborative ecosystem inside the enterprise (Static and Dynamic Mediators)enterprise (Static and Dynamic Mediators)
Dynamic Virtual ClusteringDynamic Virtual Clustering: GT: GT Task DecompositionTask Decomposition: On-line re-scheduling : On-line re-scheduling
of the production resources (e.g. EA) of the production resources (e.g. EA) Work Work flow reconfiguration across the organizationflow reconfiguration across the organization
ONTOLOGIES: ONTOLOGIES: deploy scheduled task down deploy scheduled task down to the machine control level (Jim to the machine control level (Jim Christensen)Christensen)
A Robust, Scalable A Robust, Scalable Infrastructure Platform Infrastructure Platform
MassiveMassiveScaleScale
IntegratableIntegratableStackStack
ContinuousContinuousReal-timeReal-time
H/WH/WS/WS/W
Sun’s Three Main Investment Areas
MACHINE CONTROL LEVELMACHINE CONTROL LEVEL
GOAL: ensure production continuity GOAL: ensure production continuity through machine reliability and rapid through machine reliability and rapid reconfiguration in case of break-downreconfiguration in case of break-down
FORCES: enable user to develop the FORCES: enable user to develop the application by ‘plugging’ function blocks; application by ‘plugging’ function blocks; compile the code and distribute it on the compile the code and distribute it on the appropriate resources for execution; appropriate resources for execution; manage timing and precedence manage timing and precedence relationships while executing the relationships while executing the distributed FB; safety, etc.distributed FB; safety, etc.
MACHINE LEVELMACHINE LEVEL
Self Configuration and Dynamic Reconfiguration of Intelligent Machines (physical holons)
Deployment of self-(re)configuring, intelligent, distributed automation elements.
Ontologies for manufacturing process-task-operation-controller (e.g.function block) mapping (e.g., PSL)
PATTERNS OF HOLONIC PATTERNS OF HOLONIC CONTROLCONTROL
Mapping Holonic Systems Mapping Holonic Systems into MAS via Mediatorsinto MAS via Mediators
PURPOSE OF PD&MPURPOSE OF PD&M
– These patterns have specific particularities within These patterns have specific particularities within each level of the collaborative holarchy. each level of the collaborative holarchy.
– The purpose of our work is to identify these The purpose of our work is to identify these particularities and clearly define the mechanisms particularities and clearly define the mechanisms that would enable their implementation on the that would enable their implementation on the grounds offered by the FIPA architecture:grounds offered by the FIPA architecture:
– E.g. E.g. ONTOLOGIESONTOLOGIES: inter-’thing’ communication: inter-’thing’ communication AgentAgent - ‘peer-to-peer’ - ‘peer-to-peer’ LevelLevel: deployment (‘outside-in’); : deployment (‘outside-in’);
bidding/advertising (‘inside-out’)bidding/advertising (‘inside-out’)
NEXT MEETING OF THE PD&M NEXT MEETING OF THE PD&M WGWG
ACAI 01 – Summer School ACAI 01 – Summer School Multi-Agent Systems and their ApplicationsMulti-Agent Systems and their Applications
http://cyber.felk.cvut.cz/ACAI01 http://cyber.felk.cvut.cz/ACAI01 Prague, July 2-13, 2001Prague, July 2-13, 2001 joint event of AgentLink, ECCAI, CTU and joint event of AgentLink, ECCAI, CTU and
University of Vienna University of Vienna 24 invited lecturers (K. 24 invited lecturers (K. SycaraSycara, E. , E. DurfeeDurfee, M. , M.
WooldridgeWooldridge, M. , M. TambeTambe, S. , S. KrausKraus, Y. , Y. DemazeauDemazeau, F. , F. LabrouLabrou, W. , W. WahlsterWahlster))
accompanied by workshops and student sessionsaccompanied by workshops and student sessions