HOLOCAUST1933-1945

Day 6

TODAY’S OBJECTIVES►TRACE THE ROOTS AND THE

PROGRESS OF HITLER’S CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE JEWS.

►EXPLORE THE GOALS OF HITLER’S “FINAL SOLUTION” AND THE NATURE OF THE NAZI DEATH CAMPS.

ADOLF HITLERBECOMES LEADER OF NAZI PARTY – 1933

USES LEGAL METHODS TO PASS LAWS FOR HIS MASTER PLAN

BEGINS TO REFER TO THE GERMAN PEOPLE AS THE “MASTER RACE,” “ARYAN RACE”

CALLS FOR REVENGE AGAINST THOSE WHO CREATED TREATY OF VERSAILLES

HITLER

• HE ENCOURAGED EVERYONE IN GERMANY AND ITS LANDS IT TOOK OVER TO RID THEIR AREAS OF JEWS.

• JUDENFREI – “JEW FREE”

• EST. GESTAPO ( SECRET POLICE) TO FIND INFILTRATORS

WHAT IS THE HOLOCAUST?

GREEK “SACRIFICE BY FIRE”

MASS MURDER OF OVER 6 MILLION JEWS DURING THE YEARS 1933-1945 IN EUROPE

TARGET OF NAZI'S: ANY RACE DEEMED INFERIOR TO THEM

1933 – EUROPEAN JEWISH POPULATION AT 9 MILLION

JUDENFREI AT 1ST, JEWS ENCOURAGED TO

EMIGRATE THOSE WHO DIDN’T LEAVE

GERMANY WERE ROUNDED UP AND SHUT IN THE CAMPS OR SPECIALLY CREATED GHETTOS (WARSAW GHETTO – MOST INFAMOUS)

WALLED PARTS OF THE CITIES GATES GUARDED BY SS JEWS WERE MADE TO WEAR A

YELLOW STAR OF DAVIDSO THEY COULD BE EASILY

RECOGNIZED

WARSAW GHETTO

CAMPS► DIFFERENCE B/T CAMPS &

PRISONS: SENT TO CAMP, WOULD NOT RECEIVE A TRIAL OR RELEASE DATE

► AT FIRST, POLITICAL OPPONENTS OF NAZISM SENT TO CAMPS

► 1ST TYPE OF CAMP: CONCENTRATION (FIRST CAMP: DACHAU)

► MEANT FOR “RE-EDUCATION” OF PEOPLE TO CONFORM TO NAZI IDEALS OF A MASTER RACE.

► HOW? EXERCISE, DISCIPLINE, HARD WORK

► HEAD OF CAMPS: ADOLF EICHMANN

CAMPS IN EUROPE

CAMPS►OVER 300 –

GERMANY, POLAND, CZECH, AUSTRIA, AND SOVIET UNION

►3 TYPES: 1.

CONCENTRATION

2. LABOR 3. DEATH

CONCENTRATION CAMPS►PURPOSE: RE-EDUCATE PEOPLE

TO ACCEPT NAZI BELIEFS►SS - NAZI SECURITY STAFF

THAT RAN THE CAMPS►SS SWORE LOYALTY TO HITLER,

NOT GERMANY►1935 – NO POLITICAL

OPPONENTS TO NAZISM IN GERMANY SO CAMPS BEGAN TO FILL WITH “UNDESIRABLES”

►HEAD OF SS – HEINRICH HIMMLER

HIMMLER

HITLER

LABOR CAMPS• LOCATED NEAR

FACTORIES AND WORKPLACES

• PROVIDED CHEAP LABOR FOR WAR EFFORT

• WORK PRISONERS TO DEATH

• BEST CAMP TO BE IN FOR SURVIVAL

• HEALTHY PRISONERS SENT HERE

DEATH CAMPS► SOLE PURPOSE: KILL AS MANY

PRISONERS AS POSSIBLE► HERDED OFF CATTLE CARS

STRAIGHT INTO THE GAS CHAMBERS, OR TO PITS TO BE SHOT

► PRISONERS TOLD THEY WERE GOING FOR A SHOWER…SOMETIMES THEY DID

► ALL PERSONAL EFFECTS REMOVED, CLOTHES, SHOES, ETC…

► EST. 1941 ESTABLISHED AS A RESULT

OF THE “FINAL SOLUTION”► WORST: AUSCHWITZ (POLAND)

WHO RAN THE CAMPS??►SS GUARDS►KAPOS – PRISONERS WHO WERE

SUPERVISORS; RATTED ON PRISONERS►CONSTANT FEAR ENCOURAGED BY SS►GERMAN SHEPHERDS USED TO ATTACK

PRISONERS

HOW DID THEY GET THERE?

► CATTLE CARS► MEANT FOR 20-30

CATTLE► SS WOULD SHOVE IN

OVER 150 PEOPLE► NO VENTILATION;

SUNLIGHT; NO RESTROOMS

► USUALLY 1/3 WOULD DIE BEFORE THEY WOULD GET OFF THE CARS

► SS WOULD KEEP THEM IN THERE DAYS AFTER ARRIVAL

PROCESSING► TAKEN THROUGH PROCESS:

MEANT TO STRIP PRISONERS OF HUMANITY

► PROCESS SAME AT ALL CAMPS► SELECTION: WOMEN & MEN

SEPARATED, FAMILIES, SICK► UNDRESS (NO MODESTY)► HAIR SHAVED (WITH DULL,

RUSTED RAZORS)► DISINFECTION IN CHLORINE

BATHS/SHOWERS (SCALDING HOT WATER/ICE WATER)

► UNIFORM GIVEN (TOO SMALL OR BIG; FULL OF LICE)

► TATTOOED NUMBER► YELLOW STAR: JEWS► ASSIGNED BARRACK

PRISONER UNIFORMS

►STRIPED PANTS, JACKETS OR LONG SHIRT

►WOODEN CLOGS…ALL TOO BIG

►SYMBOL TO SHOW RACE

CAMP LIVING CONDITIONS► ATROCIOUS► SS WANTED PRISONERS

AS UNCOMFORTABLE AS POSSIBLE, ESPECIALLY JEWS.

► OVERCROWDED► NO FOOD/WATER► SLEPT ON FLOOR,

STRAW, BARBED WIRE, LICE MATTRESSES

► LOTS OF DISEASE, LICE, FLEAS

► GIVEN LESS THAN A MINUTE A DAY TO USE BATHROOM, AFTER THAT, GO WHERE YOU ARE…RARELY CLEANED

► BARRACKS COULD HOLD TWO PER BUNK; CAMPS, OFTEN 10 – 20 PER BUNK

THE SICK

► “RASPBERRY PICKING”► PUT A DRAIN ON THE

CAMP► GASSED OR SHOT

IMMEDIATELY► LONG “ROLL CALLS” IN

THEIR UNDERWEAR► INJECTED EXPERIMENTAL

DRUGS IN THEM► ALTITUDE TESTING► GIVEN NO MEDICAL

ATTENTION OR FOOD

THE FINAL SOLUTION►JANUARY 20, 1942 –

15 NAZI LEADERS MET NEAR BERLIN

►WHAT SHOULD THEY DO ABOUT THE “JEWISH PROBLEM?”

►ANSWER: THE FINAL SOLUTION – EXTERMINATE ALL JEWS AS FAST AS POSSIBLE

MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS► CARRIED OUT FOR 3 OFFICIAL

REASONS: 1. HELP ARMY2. HELP GERMANY AFTER THE WAR3. PROVE RACIAL IDEAS INVENTED BY

THE NAZIS► EXAMPLES:

FROSTBITE HIGH ALTITUDE GENETICS/STERILIZATION SURVIVAL AND RESCUE EUTHANASIA DRINKING SEA WATER WAR WOUNDS CHEMICAL WARFARE DISEASES TWINS

MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS► JOSEF MENGELE

HEAD SS DOCTOR OF GENETICS EXPERIMENTS

AUSCHWITZ COLD, TWISTED,

HEARTLESS PERSON; YET COULD BECOME QUITE LOVING TO HIS “PATIENTS”

“DOCTOR OF DEATH” OR “ANGEL OF DEATH”

PERFORMED MORE EXPERIMENTS THAN ANYONE

REALLY INTERESTED IN IDENTICAL TWINS

►MOSTLY CHILDREN

Auschwitz Medical Block

GAS CHAMBERS► USED TO SPEED UP KILLING

PROCESS OF JEWS► PEOPLE HERDED NAKED

INTO A LARGE, BARE ROOM, SUPPOSEDLY FOR A SHOWER.

► THICK WALLS AND STRONG LOCKS

► ZYKLON B CRYSTALS POURED INTO THE SYSTEM OF PIPES AND SHOWER HEADS OR DIRECTLY INTO THE ROOM THROUGH HOLES IN THE CEILINGS

► DIE WITHIN 10 MINUTES► LEFT DOOR CLOSED FOR

ANOTHER 30 JUST TO MAKE SURE

► BODIES TAKEN TO CREMATORIUM FOR BURNING (TOWN RESIDENTS THOUGHT IT WAS SNOW)

CREMATORIUM

PURPOSE OF HOLOCAUST??ACCORDING TO HITLER….

► CREATE THE PERFECT RACE…THE ARYAN RACE AND PROTECT GERMANY

► STOP “UNFIT” PEOPLE FROM REPRODUCING► HITLER YOUTH ESTABLISHED TO TEACH

GERMAN KIDS AT YOUNG AGE NAZI IDEALS

END OF THE CAMPS► OCTOBER 4, 1942: HIMMLER

ORDERS ALL JEWS SENT TO AUSCHWITZ FOR EXTERMINATION

► JUNE 11, 1943: HIMMLER ORDERS ALL REMAINING GHETTOS TO BE EMPTIED AND INHABITANTS KILLED

► APRIL 7, 1944: ESCAPED PRISONERS WOULD TELL OF THE HORRORS OF THE CAMP

► STORIES CONFIRMED► FALL 1944: ALLIES ADVANCING

(BOTH FRONTS) HITLER ORDERS ALL CAMP

COMMANDANTS TO DESTROY CAMPS AND THE PRISONERS

► ALMOST ACHIEVED SUCCESS

END OF THE CAMPS► JANUARY 27, 1945: AUSCHWITZ

LIBERATED BY THE SOVIETS► APRIL 11, 1945: U.S. TROOPS

REACH BUCHENWALD► APRIL 30, 1945: HITLER COMMITS

SUICIDE► NOVEMBER 20, 1945:

NUREMBERG TRIALS OF NAZI WAR CRIMINALS BEGIN

► 1945: HIMMLER CONVICTED AND HUNG

► 1950S: EICHMANN CAPTURED IN ARGENTINA

► 1979: JOSEF MENGELE DIES OF DROWNING

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sHcJtU9dr6I

ELLIE WIESEL

►Wrote a first hand account “Night”►Hungarian Jew►Survived Auschwitz►https://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZ1EBzhpAMs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fMiFlqcnsA