HOI AN PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE HOI AN NATURAL RESOURCE … An_finalised… · - Location: Hoi An City,...

HOI AN PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE

HOI AN NATURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECTION

Solid Waste Management Baseline Survey

Hoi An City - Vietnam

April 2011

Hoi An Solid Waste Management Baseline Survey

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I .............................................................................................................................. 3

GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT ........................................................... 3

CHAPTER II ............................................................................................................................ 5

CURRENT SITUATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT .............. 5

CHAPTER III ......................................................................................................................... 16

EVALUATION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT POSIBILITY IN FUTURE ..... 16

CHAPTER VI ......................................................................................................................... 25

CONCLUSIONS AND ORIENTATION OF ACTION PLAN .......................................... 25


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CHAPTER I

GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT

1.1 RATIONALES OF INVESTMENT

At present, the Party and the City authorities pay much attention on environmental problems

and frequently direct on solutions. Satisfactory results are achieved and public awareness is

enhanced significantly. Establishment of several self-govern environmental protection models

have gradually created socialization – privatization of environmental protection activities.

This plays very important role in developing Hoi An City towards Ecological – Cultural –

Tourism City.

Though there is some good achievements, ecological environment in Hoi An still needs to be

improved, especially problems related to municipal solid waste (MSW).

- The existing dumpsite of the city is an open dumpsite, located at Cam Ha Commune, on

an area of 2 ha and overloaded. Several serious environmental problems caused by

operation of the dumpsite are occurring, for instance fly growth, leachate releases to

surrounding areas, contaminates ground water and impacts the life quality of residents

surrounding dumpsite.

- Solid wastes generated from the upstream of Thu Bon river drifting to Hoi An riverside

affect to natural landscape and cause environmental pollution. Collection of solid waste

along the riverside has been done periodically, but the improvement is still limited.

- In some poor communes as Cam Kim, Cam Thanh, collection and treatment of solid

wastes are facing to several difficulties due to poor transportation condition as a result of

uncontrolled releasing of garbage in public areas. This affects to natural landscape and

causes environmental pollution.

Therefore, in order to support these areas overcoming difficulties in treatment of MSW, it is

important to set a sustainable solid waste management system that is suitable to their socio-

economic conditions.

1.2 THE PROJECT INFORMATION

1.2.1 The Project Title and Location

- The project title: Pro-poor and Sustainable Solid Waste Management

- The main task: Feasibility Study on Pro-poor and Sustainable Solid Waste Management in

Hoi An City.

- Location: Hoi An City, Quang Nam Province.

1.2.2 The Project Objectives

- Finding different approach to handle solid waste as a resource, improve solid waste

collection services and create new income as well as better working conditions for the

waste pickers.

- Carrying out feasibility study on municipal solid waste management situation of the city

and evaluating the possibility to expand the system based on the decentralized and

Integrated Resouce Recovery Center (IRRC) approach.


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- On the basis of this feasibility study, stakeholders will develop a detailed action plan for

the next phases.

1.2.3 Scope of the Project

The study areas of the project will focus to 2 communes namely Cam Thanh and Tan Hiep.

These communes are facing serious difficulties. Solid waste collection and treatment has not

been invested properly. They are facing several environmental problems related to solid

wastes.

1.2.4 Reference Documents

- Socio-economic development strategies of Hoi An City in the period of 2011-2015 and

the resolution of the City Party Committee about socio-economic development;

- Master plan on land use during the period of 2011 – 2015 of Hoi An City.

- Guideline on preparation of action plan for resource restoring at cities of grade II and

small provinces in Asian and Pacific Ocean (the Draft on April 2010) prepared by

ESCAP and Waste Concern.

- Proposal of developing Ho An City to be an Eco-City.


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CHAPTER II

CURRENT SITUATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

2.1 VOLUME OF SOLID WASTE GENERATION AND COMPOSITION

2.1.1 Volume of Solid waste generation

Based field surveyed results in Cam Thanh Commune, Cam Kim Commune and Cam Pho

Ward, municipal solid waste (MSW) generated from Hoi An City is estimated as presented in

Table 3.1.

Table 2.1 Household waste generation volume and average waste generation volume of Hoi

An City

No. Location

Waste

generation rate

of households

(*)

Average waste

generation rate

(**)

Population

(persons)

Total

amount of

MSW

(kg/day)

1 Urban areas 0.51 0.87 69,425 60,400

2 Rural areas 0.56 0.96 20,725 19,896

TỔNG CỘNG 90.150 80,295

(*) Note: household; Unit: Kg/person/day

(**) Value: household + 0.7 x household; Unit: Kg/person/day

Table 2.2 Density of solid waste

No. Types of solid waste Density (Kg/m3)

1 Household wastes 193.16

2 Commercial wastes 249.17

3 Official wastes 145.71

Surveyed results of 2011 shows that about 80 ton/day of MSW is generated in Hoi An City.

This amount of waste is huge in comparison to the current situation of the existing small and

overloading dumpsite at Cam Ha Ward. The City has no land available for constructing new

central landfill. Therefore, together with modernization of MSW treatment system, it is more

important to reduce waste generation at sources. Waste treatment at source should also be

considered as a prior solution.

MSW generation up to 2025 is predicted as presented in Table 3.3.


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Table 2.3 Estimation of MSW generation untill 2025

Year Population of the City (persons) Amount of MSW of the City (tons/day)

2009 90,150 80,295

2015 92,873 84,978

2020 97,610 89,313

2025 102,577 93,857

2.1.2 Municipal Solid Waste Composition

Table 2.4 Composition of MSW of the City (2011)

No. Components

Composition (% by wet weight)

Households

Market Offices and

schools Rural

areas

Urban

areas

1 Food refuses/leftover 39.31 48.23 72.46 2.39

2 Bones 1.915 0.61 0.48 0

3 Paper 5.915 6.34 2.46 20.34

4 Pieces of clothes 4.515 7.53 1.79 0.6

5 Plastic 19.28 17.91 9.89 26.84

6 Grasses/pieces of woods 9.98 6.72 9.34 45.38

7 Leather/rubber 2.31 2.88 0.41 0

8 Metals 0.715 2.18 0.07 0

9 Glass/ceramic 2.13 1.08 0.24 0

10 Others 13.905 6.34 4.47 4.44

Total 100 100 100 100

It is obviously that food refuses have highest percentage in MSW of the city and followed by

other recyclable and reusable materials such as pieces of clothes, paper, plastic, metals, etc. If

these materials are reused and recycled properly, total amount of waste generated and needed

to be treated will be reduced significantly.

2.2 SOLID WASTE COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION

2.2.1 Solid Waste Collection Rate

A major waste generation source is from residential areas. Average amount of waste collected

in the whole city is 82.3 m3/day (approximately 37.04 tons/day).

Every year, waste collection rate of the inner wards are as follows: collection 100% waste in

Minh An Ward, 100% in Cam Pho Ward, 90% in Son Phong Ward. In the other wards and

communes, only 65% of waste generated is collected. Especially, Tan Hiep Commune, the

town and Cu Lao Cham Coastal Reserve Management Authority have made effort to reduce

and prevent disposal of household wastes to the sea.


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2.2.2 Solid Waste Collection and Transportation Mode

At present, Hoi An Public Work Ltd. Co is responsible for MSW collection and

transportation. Waste collection and transportation is managed and organized as follows:

- Household wastes: Households have to store their wastes in waste bags or bins and leave it

at regulated collection points along the roads. Very day, mechanical collection vehicle go

to the waste collection points to pick wastes up.

- Wastes from restaurants and hotels: The Company collects wastes from more than existing

70 hotels and 90 restaurants. The waste collection service has been done as good as

agreement.

- Along alleys, wastes are collected by pushcarts and then gathered at the waste collection

points along main roads for further transferring into compactor trucks.

- Along the roads, street sweeping has been done during the day time and the night time.

Swept wastes are stored in pushcarts and gathered at the waste collection points for

transferring to mechincal collection vehicles and transporting to the dumpsite at Cam Ha

Commune. The waste collection workers do not separate recyclable materials. These

recyclable materials are picked up by scavengers at the dumpsite.

- Along Hoai River, wastes floating from the riverhead are also collected by a river waste

fishing and collection team.

- At markets, as wastes are generated continuously, the Company has to install 240 L bins to

receive market wastes.

- In the public areas, along central roads, 25 L bins are installed to receive wastes from

visitors and walkers.

- At present, the City does not have special collection system to collect hazardous and

healthcare risk wastes (hospital wastes) yet. Healthcare risk wastes of Hoi An City is

collected and treated by Quang Nam Urban Environmental Company

- Collected MSWs are transported to the dumpsite at Cam Ha Commune.

a) Solid Waste Collection and Transportation Equipment and vehicles

* Mechanical vehicles:

- Total available vehicles: 15 vehicles.

- Transported volume:

+ Front-end loading compactor truck 14 m3: 2 vehicles (2 vehicles in operation)


+ Front-end loading compactor truck 4 m3: 1 vehicle


+ Dumper truck: 2 trucks (1 truck in operation)

+ Open truck: 2 trucks (1 truck in operation)

- Number of transportation trip per day: 23 trips/day.


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- Expenditure for sanitation activities during day time and night time, along main roads

and alleys, in the river, waste-bins cleaning, earth and stone shoveling, street cleaning

and watering is 121,900,000 VND/year.

- Expenditure for waste collection, transportation and treatment is 3,916,080,000

VND/year.

* Manual vehicles:

- Jolly-boat: 3 boats (0.8 m3/boat)

- Pushcarts: 45 pushcarts (0.66 m3/pushcart)

The above equipment and vehicles can only serve about 70% of the current demand on solid

waste collection, transportation and treatment of the City.

b) Healthcare Risk Wastes

At present, heathcare risk wastes of hospitals in the City have been collected, transported and

treated at the Provincial Central Healthcare Risk Waste Treatment Center.

2.2.3 Waste Disposal Behavior and Public Demand on Solid Waste Management

Sociological surveys on 90 households at Cam Kim Commune, Cam Thanh Commune and

Cam Pho Ward are summarized in Table 3.5 and 3.6.

Table 2.5 Objects that dispose or collect solid waste for households

Objects Commune/Ward

Total Cam Kim Cam Thanh Cam Pho

Household members 2 7% 20 67% 0 0% 22 24%

Wastes are collected at home by

waste collection workers 0 0% 1 3% 30 100% 31 34%

Waste are collection at home by

local waste collection teams 28 93% 9 30% 0 0% 37 41%

Total 30 100% 30 100% 30 100% 90 100%

Table 2.6 Waste disposal locations of households

Location Commune/Ward

Total Cam Kim Cam Thanh Cam Pho

Public waste bins 0 0% 1 3% 0 0% 1 1%

Along streets because of

unavailable waste bins 11 37% 4 13% 10 33% 25 28%

Available space in their houses 13 43% 19 63% 16 53% 48 53%

Inside their houses 6 20% 6 20% 4 13% 16 18%

Total 30 100% 30 100% 30 100% 90 100%

In urban areas, solid waste collection and treatment service have been provided sufficiently

for residents. However, in other communes, where transportation infrastructure is poor,


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households have to treat their wastes themselves. This may cause heavy environmental

pollution in future.

2.3 SOLID WASTE TREATMENT

Table 2.7 Municipal solid waste treatment in 2010

Treatment methods Unit Amount

Dump at Cam Ha Dumpsite Tons/year 20,428

Composting Tons/year -

Organic fertilizer Tons/year -

Products Tons/year -

The remaining from composting process Tons/year -

The remaining from other processes Tons/year -

Others Tons/year -

In Hoi An City, an open dumpsite locates at Bau Oc Thuong Hamlet, Cam ha Commune,

about 5 km from the City. This dumpsite has been operated since 1992.

Current situation of the dumpsite is described in the following section. Area of the dumpsite is

about 1 ha. There is no landfill linear, no leachate collection and treatment system, and no

landfill gas collection system in this dumpsite. So far, there is not landfill gas recovery system

at existing dumpsites. Landfill gas is released freely into the atmosphere.

Every day, after collecting solid wastes in the City, the transportation vehicles will transport

wastes to the dumpsite and unload it in front of the dumpsite. Then dumper trucks will load

wastes into open trucks for further transporting into the dumping cells. Total solid wastes

received at the dumpsite are 56 tons/day.

Solid wastes are received at the dumpsite everyday two times:

- In the morning: from 7:00 a.m to 11:00 a.m.

- In the afternoon: from 15:30 p.m to 17:00 p.m.

Solid waste generation increases as social-economic development. This is a great challenge to

Cam Ha dumpsite. In fact, Cam Ha dumpsite is downgrading, and causing air pollution,

surrounding ground water pollution. Therefore there is an important and urgent need to find

out investment solutions, proper and sustainable management policies before it is impossible

to solve.

2.4 ADIMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE OF HOI AN URBAN EVIRONMENTAL

COMPANY

2.4.1 Administrative Structure of Urban Environmental Company


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Information of the company:

- Name: Hoi An Public Work Ltd. Co.

- Address: 02 Ly Thuong Kiet, Hoi An City

Manpower:

- Total staff: 160 persons

Doctor: 0; Master: 0; Graduated and under graduated: 33 persons

- Total skill workers: 124 persons.

2.5 ANNUAL INCOME AND EXPENDITURE OF HOI AN SOLID

WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

2.5.1 Sanitation and Solid Waste Management Fee

Waste collection fee of households and commercial areas are based on Decision No.

20/2008/QĐ-UBND of Quang Nam People Committee about payment, management and

spending of sanitation fee in Quang Ninh Province as follows:

- Fee payment of 15,000 VND/household/month for households along the following streets:

Bạch Đằng, Nguyễn Thái Học, Trần Phú, Châu Thượng Văn, Hoàng Văn Thụ, Phan Châu

Trinh, Lê Lợi, Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai, Hùng Vương, Trần Hưng Đạo, Phan Bội Châu,

Phạm Hồng Thái, Hoàng Diệu, Nguyễn Huệ, Trương Minh Lượng, Ngô Gia Tự, Cửa Đại,

Nguyễn Trường Tộ, Nguyễn Công Trứ, Thái Phiên, Trần Cao Vân, Hai Bà Trưng, Bà

Triệu, Lý Thường Kiệt, Nguyễn Tất Thành, Nguyễn Duy Hiệu, Trần Quý Cáp.

Management

Board

Adiministrative

Office

Planning and

professional

Section

Accounting and

Finance Section

Fee Collection

Management

Sanitation

Group

Transporta

-tion

Group

Planting

Group

Public

work

Group

Electricity

Group


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- Fee payment of 12,000 VND/household/month for households along alleys and in the areas

of the following wards: Minh An, Sơn Phong, Cẩm Phô, residential area of Sơn Phô 1,

main road of Cửa Đại (Cẩm Châu Ward), residential area of Tân Mỹ (Cẩm An Ward),

residential area of Phước Tân (Cửa Đại Ward), residential areas of Xuân Quang, Xuân Mỹ,

Tân Thanh, Tân Hòa, An Phong, Tân Lập (Tân An Ward).

- Fee payment of 10,000 VND/household/month for households in residential areas, hamlets

of the following communes and wards: hamlets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (Cẩm Thanh

commune), Trà Quế, Cửa Suối, Trảng Kèo, Đồng Nà, Bầu Ốc Thượng, Bầu Ốc Hạ hamlet

(Cẩm Hà commune), residential aras of Thanh Tây, An Mỹ, Sơn Phô II, Thanh Nam,

Trường Lệ (Cẩm Châu commune), residential areas of Tân Thịnh, Tân Thành, An Tân, An

Bàng (Cẩm An ward), residential area of Phước Thịnh, Phước Hải, Phước Trạch, Phước

Hòa (Cửa Đại ward), residential area of Xuyên Trung, Châu Trung, Hà Trung, Thanh Nam

Tây, Thanh Nam Đông (Cẩm Nam ward).

- For business households: collection fee is 25,000- 100,000 VND/month.

- For offices, socio-economic organizations, schools, kindergartens, representative offices,

cooperative representative offices, etc. fee is 100,000 VND/month. Shops, hotels,

restaurants, university, colleges, etc. fee is 200,000 VND/month.


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Table 2.8 Total expenditure of environmental sanitation works

Contents Cost (VND)

Labor cost Equipment Total

ENVIRONMENTAL

SANITATION WORKS 3,280,403,000 137,884,000 3,418,287,000

Street sweeping 3,170,518,522 0 3,170,518,522

Manual street sweeping during

day time (from 6:00 a.m. to

18:00 p.m.)

962,359,520 0 962,359,520

Manual street sweeping during

night time (from 18:00 p.m. to

22:00 p.m. and finished at 6:00

a.m. of the next day)

1,435,659,388 0 1,435,659,388

Maintenance of sanitation

condition of alleys in hamlets 393,297,204 0 393,297,204

Collection of wastes floating on

surfaces of ditches and cannels 355,838,358 0 355,838,358

Cleaning waste bins 23,364,051 0 23,364,051

Shoveling sands and stones

along roadsides 98,217,366 64,603,897 162,821,263

Manual cleaning wastes 42,254,125 0 42,254,125

Transportation of wastes by

open trucks 55,963,241 64,603,897 120,567,138


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Table 2.9 Total expenditure of municipal solid waste collection-transportation-treatment

using mechanical vehicles

Contents Cost (VND)

Labor cost Equipment Total

SOLID WASTE COLLECTION –

TRANSPORTATION –

TREATMENT (every day)

798,648,000 3,916,080,000 4,714,728,000

Solid waste collection and

transportation 726,156,038 3,235,185,539 3,961,341,577

Transferring solid waste (along main

roads, during day time and night time, in

small alleys, collection of floated waste

in rivers) from waste collection

pushcarts to 4 ton -compactor trucks and

transporting to disposal sites with a

distance of 10 km in average.

92,036,796 474,827,830 566,864,626

Collecting wastes from households and

other sources using 2 ton – compactor

trucks and transporting to disposal sites

with a distance of 10 km in average.

619,586,309 619,586,309





306,751,990 1,181,368,883 1,488,120,873





151,636,207 959,402,517 1,111,038,724

Solid waste treatment at dumpsite 64,012,301 637,007,389 701,019,690

Loading solid wastes at the waste

receiving area using mechanical

vehicles (Treat at the site)

10,835,098 118,680,808 129,515,906

Transportation of solid waste by open

trucks (Treat at the site) 53,177,202 518,326,582 571,503,784

Total annual expenditure of solid waste collection, transportation and treatment of the City is

8,113,015,000 VND.

2.6 WASTE PICK-UP ACTIVITIES AT CAM HA DUMPSITE

Field surveyed results show that several scavengers are picking wastes up at Cam Ha

dumpsite. 85% of the scavengers are women. They can not find other jobs (90%). They have

poor professional skill and low educational level (85%).

These scavengers play an important role in reusing and recycling of recyclable materials and

reducing amount of wastes to be dumped or burden to Cam Ha dumpsite. However, their

working conditions are very poor and Government supporting policies from the Government

are still limited.


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Responses from 20 interviewed scavengers in Cam Ha dumpsite is summarized in Table 5.1.

Table 2.10 Response from 20 interviewed scavengers in Cam Ha dumpsite

Difficulties Percentage

Total Man Women

Heavy works 0 0% 2 12% 2 10%

Low income 0 0% 1 6% 1 5%

Got sick frequently 2 67% 9 53% 11 55%

Other difficulties 1 33% 5 29% 6 30%

Total 3 100% 17 100% 20 100%

Approximately, about 22 scavengers pick up scarps at Cam Ha dumpsite and in average each

scavenger can pick 36.3 kg of scraps/day. Thus, about 798.6 kg of scraps are picked up from

wastes dumped at Cam Ha dumpsite everyday. Composition of recyclable materials collected

is described in Table 5.2.

Table 2.11 Composition of recyclable materials collected from Cam Ha dumpsite

No. Recyclable materials Percentage % Selling cost (VND/kg)

1 Plastic 18.2 7,000

2 Nylon bags 35.6 2,000

3 Glass 25.1 100

4 Paper 5.7 3,000

5 Cardboard 3.2 3,000

6 Aluminum 1.6 8,000

7 Iron 1.8 8,000

8 Others 8.8

Total 100

2.7 JUNK-SHOP TRADING

Waste materials in Hoi An are collected by scavengers in Cam Ha dumpsite and other waste-

buyers. All collected scraps are sold to small and medium scrap-buying shops within the city.

Only plastic bags collected from Cam Ha dumpsite are transferred to a plastic recycle

enterprise located in Dien Nam – Dien Ngoc industrial zone. It is found from field surveys

that Hoi An City has 7 small and medium scrap-buying shops as listed in Table 5.3.

Table 2.12 Existing scarp-buying shops in Hoi An City

No. Shops Address Working

time (year)

Area

(m2)

1 Hà Thị Loan Thanh Nam, Cẩm Châu 2 20

2 Hà Quang Sơn Phô II, Cẩm Châu 3 36

3 Nguyễn Văn Hùng 44 Trương Minh Hùng, Cửa Đại 4 24


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4 Nguyễn Văn Tiến 72 Trương Minh Hùng, Cửa Đại 5 32

5 Nguyễn Mạnh 01 Đinh Tiên Hoàng, Tân An 2 28

6 Võ Chức 32 Thái Phiên, Minh An 3 18

7 Nguyễn Văn Lựu Bầu Ốc Hạ Commune, Cẩm Hà 20 64

Almost scrap-buying shops in Hoi An are belonged to household, therefore scrap trading is

done at their houses and irregular. These shops are usually small, so cleaning is paid attention

to prevent harmful to their families.

2.8 RECYCLING ACTIVITIES

None recycling enterprises are located in Hoi An. The field surveyed results indicated that

there are only few pre-recycling enterprises are available. The by-products from the

enterprises will be transferred to other (plastic) recycling enterprises within the province or in

the other provinces/city of the country.

Scrap-buying shop of Mr. Nguyen Van Luu household located in Bau Oc Ha Hamlet, Cam Ha

Commune is one of the few pre-recycling enterprises in Hoi An City. In average, this shop

buys 500 g scrap every day and after pre-treated, the by-products are sold to Ho Chi Minh

City and other surrounding provinces.

Main by-products from pre-recycling processes are plastic resins. As available facilities are

outdate, recycling activities at present cause environmental pollution to surrounding

residential areas.

2.9 COMPOST MARKETS AND AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS

In Hoi An City, agricultural activities are focused on rice-fields, farm products and small scale

livestock farms. Total agricultural area is 965.15 ha, of which rice fields occupy 484.62 ha.

It was found from the field observation that farmers mainly use chemical fertilizers (urea,

potassium, etc.) and organic fertilizers. None farmers use compost in their farms.

The following reasons attributed to that are as follows. Currently, at fertilizer selling agents,

none of compost products are introduced. In addition, understanding of farmers about

compost is still limited.

At present, some farmers are still producing and using a kind of organic fertilizer which is

similar to compost. For instance, mucks, seaweeds from rivers or lakes are incubated to

produce organic fertilizers and used in their farms. This is typical application in Tra Que

vegetable village in Cam Ha Commune.


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CHAPTER III

EVALUATION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT POSIBILITY IN FUTURE

At present, Hoi An city is developing a composting facility with current capacity is 60

ton/day. It is under construction and located at Bau Oc Thuong hamlet, Cam Ha ward.

3.1 INPUT OF THE COMPOSTING FACILITY

1. Average amount of solid waste receiving at composting facility is about 55 ton/day

and maximum is 60 ton/day.

2. Organic waste is taken a part of about upper 70% total amount of onside received solid

waste.

3. Total amount of solid waste daily use for composting is 55 ton/day.

4. Composting facility receives solid waste from households which have registered for

waste collection at Hoi An public work company (about 90,000 persons).

5. Source of solid waste used for composting

Household

(%)

Market (%) School

(%)

Hotel

(%)

Tourist

(%)

72.5 4 1 13.5 10

6. Mixture of solid waste received at composting facility. Subsequently, solid waste in

turn will be segregated by its properties with apparatus at each step such as: size,

characteristic at pre_separation, density at purification…ect.

7. Average humidity of solid waste for composting is 55 - 70%. Optimum humidity is H

= 65%.

8. Solid waste humidity is affected by weather and changed. In summer, humidity of

solid waste is reduced. So that it is irrigated by the recycled leachate from receiving

hole in order to maintain the suitable humidity of waste at fermentation step.

3.2 OUTPUT OF COMPOSTING FACILITY

As the composting facility is under construction, so that some information are missing.

1. Daily output of compost product is 11,6 ton.

2. Monthly output of compost product is 300 ton.

3. As the composting facility has not go for operation, so that the data of compost price

and consumption are not unified.

4. Quality of compost product is frequently tested. The composting facility has a

laboratory which is sufficient equipped for compost quality test regularly.

3.3 OPERATION SCHEDULE

1. Number of working day per week: (expected) 6 days (8 hours/day)

2. Number of working day per year: (expected) 300 days


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3. Manpower for working and management is 32 persons. In which:

- Manager: 01 person

- Administrative staff: 03 person

- Analysis staff: 03 person

- Unskilled labour (solid waste separation, tidy up around, serving for fermentation and

incubation): 15 person

- Mechanical and electrical staff: 07 person

- Marketing and sale staff: 03 person

4. Monthly consumption of electric, water and fuel: Data is still missing.

5. List of employed equipment at composting facility

No Name of equipment

1 Balance station

2 Feeding funnel

3 Pre_separator

4 Belt conveyor to drum

5 Drum

6 Belt separator

7 Belt conveyor for organic waste

8 Organic waste shredder

9 Belt conveyor to sand screen

10 Sand screen

11 Belt separator

12 Fan of fermentor

13 Feeding device and funnel

14 Belt conveyor to sieve

15 Sieve

16 Belt conveyor to density stage

17 Belt conveyor of purified compost

18 Belt conveyor for residue materials

19 Density separation stage

20 Deodorant system

21 Feeding belt conveyor

22 Leachate collection system

23 Collection pumps

24 Distribute pumps

25 Excavator Manitou MT8455

6. Missing the data of labour cost and operation expense.

7. Total capacity is Q = 60 ton/day.

3.4 INVESTMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE

1. Total investment cost of composting facility:

a. Including land use: 60,560,135,000 VND (Sixty billions, five hundred and sixty

millions, one hundred and thirty five thousand dong).

b. Without land use: 57,360,135,000 VND (Fifty seven billion, three hundred and sixty

million, one hundred and thirty five thousand dong).

2. This facility is under construction and finishing for handover.

3. Challenger in implementation of project at the city:

- Investment for construction capital.


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- Composting facility is located far from resident community. So that it is need to be

prepared for ground clearance and leveling, build up road to the chosen area.

- Output of compost product.

- At present, the solid waste has not been separation at source yet, that leading to take

more time for separation of waste and influence compost quality at facility.

4. Total occupied area of composting facility is 4.5 ha

5. Occupied area of compost production plant is 1.7ha

6. Unused area:

7. Progressive’s time table of compost production: As the composting facility is under

construction, so that the Progressive’s time table has not been set yet.


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8. Balance table of composting process

9. Study on working time of composting facility: As it has not been put in to operation

yet, so that cannot be counted for working time.

Balance station

Pre_separation

Separation screen

(Sieve diameter 95mm)

Brick, rock, big

size residue

materials

Manual

separation Magnetic

separation Shredder <95mm

>95mm

Trạm cân

Ferrous

scrap

BIO TREATMENT

Aerated fermentation pile

Temperature control

(50 -60)0C

Humidity control

(40 -50)%

Active aeration

Mixer

SILODA-RP

Biomass,

leachate

Incubation pile

Advanced separation Residue

Packing and storage

Consumption

Scrap: glass,

metals,

plastic….


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3.5 FEASIBILITY OF DEVELOPMENT OF DECENTRALIZED SOLID WASTE

SEPARATION AND PRETREATMENT FACILITIES

Develop the decentralized solid waste separation/pretreatment facilities is a sustainable way

of domestic solid waste treatment and management. In one hand, it supports onside reduction

and treatment of solid waste. On the other hand, it promotes a high quality fertilizer for

agriculture production.

At present, the city is investing a centralized solid waste treatment facility including a section

of compost production. It is serving for generated domestic solid waste of city. However, the

solid waste collection net work of the city has not covered to Cam Thanh and Cam Kim

hamlets yet (transportation cost is very high).

Both of them can arrange land resource for development of decentralized solid waste

separation and composting facility. Beside, the solid waste collection “self_control” groups

have been established since 2007.

3.5.1 Allocation and capacity of decentralized solid waste separation and composting

facilities

No Hamlet Households Total amount of

solid waste Expected area

1 Cam Thanh 1,930 8.7 ton 4,000

2 Cam Kim 1,087 4.8 ton 3,000

Cam Kim hamlet can arrange 3.000 m2 for buildup the composting facility at Phuoc

Thang wards.

3.5.2 Estimated cost for develop and operate the decentralized solid waste separation

and composting facility

No Items Cost

(Million VND)

1 Consultancy and design 100

2 Construction, procurement and installation of facilities 2,000

3 Manpower mobilization and training 200

4 One year support operation cost 120

Total cost 2,420

3.5.3 Participation of scavengers at solid waste treatment facilities

Participation of scavengers at solid waste treatment facilities is very important for

segregation of recyclable waste and compostable waste.


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However, this job would be reduced when the solid waste separation at source

program is performed at local area. So that, the best option for solid waste segregation is to be

performed by collectors of “self_control” groups.

3.5.4 Management mechanism including parts of Public work Company and exiting

scavengers

- Concentrate on socialization of solid waste treatment, under government management

and support of public work company with professional and equipments.

- Support policy of finance and material facilities in order to create good condition for

sustainable operation of project. Beside, create a suitable mechanism for sustainable

operation of the model its self.

- City will contract with public work company for collection and treatment of

non_recyclable and non_compostable waste.

3.6 “SELF_CONTROL” MODEL AND SOLID WASTE SEPARATION AT SOURCE

MOBILIZATION PROGRAM

3.6.1 Benefit of the “self_control” model for domestic solid waste separation and

treatment at hamlet, wards

- Solid waste would be reduced and treated at source.

- “self_control” model for domestic solid waste separation and treatment at

hamlets/wards would support an important portion and highly affects to the development of

compost production facilities.

- Strengthen the socialization environment protection at any hamlet/ward.

- Support the employment to poverty resident.

3.6.2 Work items

a) Build up the village regulation in environment protection

1. Content:

- Regulation and instruction in detail to realize the environment protection law and

its follow up documents.

- Regulation and instruction in detail for solid waste separation at source.

- Engage the development of “self-management” model.

2. Object

All resident living at hamlets/wards, where the “self-management” model is

established.

b) Organize the training and mobilization mission

1. Organize the training course

a. Purpose:


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To enhance awareness raising for community people about environment protection.

Practice instruction for participating in “self-management” model of solid waste separation at

source and treatment, and realize the engaged liability of the village regulation at

hamlets/wards.

b. Objects

- Leadership of hamlets/wards, group.

- Representative of women group.

- Representative of youth people at hamlets/wards, group.

c. Work items

- Important of environment protection.

- Solid waste separation at source mission.

- “self-management” model of environment protection at hamlets/wards.

d. Trainers

- Representative of the DONRE

- Experts of environment management and community training.

e. Location:

Meeting-hall of hamlets/wards People Committee.

2. Propaganda leaflets

a. Purpose:

Strengthen and improve the efficiencies of environment protection propaganda and

mobilization mission of resident.

b. Content:

- Important of environment protection.

- Solid waste separation at source mission.

- “self-management” model of environment protection at hamlets/wards.

c. Object and quantity:

All households at hamlets/wards, where the “self-management” model is established.

Quantity of leaflets is equal to the number of households at local area.

c) Build up and operate the “self-management” groups of domestic solid waste

treatment

1. Build up the “self-management” groups

a. Purpose:


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Develop a local workforce, which is able to deal with onside the problem of

generated solid waste at communities in order to share the burden with Public

work companies, where they can not cover up. Besides, it can take a part in to

strengthen the socialization of environment protection.

b. Man power:

The manpower is mobilized from households at hamlets/wards for “self-management” model

development. The quantity of participant of each “self-management” group is depending on

numbers of households at hamlets/wards. It can be estimated as follow:

< 150 households: 1 person

< 250 households: 2 persons



c. Responsibility of “self-management” groups

Responsibility of “self-management” groups is detailed in the village regulation of

each hamlet/ward.

2. Equipment and tool

a. Items

Bush carts, hoes, shovels, brooms, rakes, uniforms, protective equipments,

wastebaskets/rubbish bins.

b. Quantity:

Quantity of equipments and tools are detailed in attached cost estimation.

3. Operation of “self-management” model

a. Organize the declaration of village regulation ceremony and introduce the “self-

management” group of hamlet/wards.

b. Allocation of finance to local people committee of related hamlets/wards in order to

support the “self-management” groups at the beginning.

d) Maintain the “self-management” group’s activities

a. Monitoring, correct, supplement and repair shortcomings/defects in accordance

with realistic condition at each local area.

b. Continue mobilization/propaganda activities to alter the habit of local resident.

Organize periodically meeting at first 6 month and a year for pre-evaluation,

conclusion and learn from experience of project. Reward to persons who are

excellent in complete the environment protection mission.


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3.7 EVALUATION OF THE CITY’S SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT HUMAN

RESOURCE TRAINNING DEMAND

Items Objects

1 Socialization of environmental

protection activities

Environmental management leadership of

communes, city, and public work

companies

2 Domestic solid waste separation at

source



companies

3 Knowledge in composting



companies

4 Commercializes of compost products Environmental management leadership of


companies

5 Operation and maintenance of compost

production facilities



companies


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CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSIONS AND ORIENTATION OF ACTION PLAN

4.1 CONCLUSIONS

Cam Kim and Cam Thanh communes are two of areas, which have positive policies

for environmental management in past few years. However, related outcomes are moderated

by factors rising from social economic and natural environment. It is found that, development

of pretreatment/compost production centrals is suitable for the two areas.

People’s awareness about environment protection at Cam Kim and Cam Thanh communes is

high. Beside, “self-control” groups of municipal solid waste collection and treatment had been

established would be a solid foundation for successful of the project.

Project’s success would be of services for local areas becoming more initiative in onside

agricultural fertilizer sources. It is a sustainable way, which contributes to development of Hoi

An city – an Eco_city.

4.2 ORIENTATIONS OF FUTURE ACTION PLAN

In order to get project success, it is need to be overall carried out in local resident mobilization

and propaganda, investment of compost production facilities, and sustainable procedure and

finance.

Especially, disasters prevention and response plans should be reserved for the two communes

Cam Kim and Cam Thanh, which are low land areas. The compost plant should be portable

and sustainable structure, so that they can be moved to safe areas when disasters occur.

Location to build up compost production facilities should be far from communities. Beside,

environment protection formalities should be built for evaluation of ecological environmental

impacts, then recommend for proper mitigation solutions.

Solid waste separation at source need to be cared because of it is very important factor, which

determine the project success. On the other hand, by joining in solid waste separation at

source activities, the people awareness is rising up remarkable.

Another important point is determination of compost product’s market. A priority local

market is the best. At the beginning, government shall have price compensation policy for a

favorable consumption of compost product.

In operation of project, it is need to learn from previous exiting national and international

models, and take advantage of professional suggestion and aids from experts and international

organizations.

HOI AN PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE HOI AN NATURAL RESOURCE … An_finalised… · - Location: Hoi An City,...

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