Hofstra University Model United Nations Conference an undeclared major, and I am involved in a large...

Hofstra University Model United Nations Conference

UN General Assembly 4 Special Political and Decolonization (SPECPOL)

Gopal Khandelwal Chairperson

Council Resources googlVz2MhK

1

Hello Delegates

My name is Gopal Khandelwal and I will be serving as your chair for the SPECPOL Committee I wanted to welcome you to the conference and give you some information about myself especially in relation to MUN

Irsquom an international student from Hong Kong currently a freshman at Hofstra University with an undeclared major and I am involved in a large number of on-campus activities This is my first MUN conference as a Hofstra student but I have been to nearly twenty conferences during high school I have also served as a chair three times on three different committees the International Court of Justice (ICJ) the UN Environmental Program and emergency sessions in the General Assembly (GA)

Throughout my Model UN experiences I have debated many different topics In Singapore I voted to extradite Hissegravene Habreacute the former dictator of Chad to Belgium to face his war crimes against his own people and condemned terror organizations around the world In Malaysia I argued for greater protection of the seas and coral reefs from the destructive fishing industry In Hong Kong I advocated for a better Security Council and drafted a plan that would hopefully lead to the end of the terror group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) As a chair I have seen the power zeal and energy that new delegates bring to the table coupled with the knowledge and experience of seasoned delegates The topics we will discuss at this conference are ones that directly affect some of the largest and most important nations not only in Asia but in the world and are those which will require you to exercise skills you may have never known existed within you

I wish you the best of luck

Gopal Khandelwal humuncspecpolgmailcom

2

Introduction to the Committee

The Special Political and Decolonization Committee (SPECPOL) is described by the United

Nations as the body which1 2 3

considers a broad range of issues covering a cluster of five decolonization-related agenda items the effects of atomic radiation questions relating to information a comprehensive review of the question of peacekeeping operations as well as a review of special political missions the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) the Report of the Special Committee on Israeli Practices and International cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space

The General Assembly (GA) hosts the largest gathering of world leaders at the UN and

was the first ever UN body assembled when the United Nations was established at San Francisco

in 1945 The GA consists of six different functional committees the Disarmament and

International Security Committee (DISEC) the Economic and Financial Committee (ECOFIN)

the Social Cultural and Humanitarian Committee (SOCHUM) the Special Political and

Decolonization Committee (SPECPOL) the Administration and Budgetary Council and the

Legal Committee

SPECPOL is the arguably among the most important GA committees and is extremely

active in the international community in solving some of the worldrsquos major issues These range

from such topics as human rights and peacekeeping to issue areas concerning outer space and

mining on internationally-governed celestial bodies such as the moon

In our committee you will be discussing the issues of Kashmir in regards to violations of

the Line of Control (LOC) and that of the territorial dispute over the DiaoyuSenkaku Islands in

the East China Sea Both of these issues are inspired by the ICJrsquos cases4

3

Introduction to the Issues before the Committee

Topic 1 The Issue of Kashmir in Regards to Violations of the LOC | Timeline

The Issue of Kashmir is a deeply contentious issue that has divided the governments of

India and Pakistan ever since their

decolonization Both nations claim Kashmir and

ever since China started to involve itself in the

conflict a move heavily criticized by India the

issue has become even more relevant

The issue started in1947 when during

partition Kashmir was not acceded to either

state and remained a so-called ldquoprincely staterdquo5 After instigation by the newly created

government of Pakistan armed warlords invaded Kashmir The monarch of Kashmir Maharaja

Hari Singh requested aide from India who acquiesced after being promised in a letter that

Kashmir would be handed over to India afterwards (Note Pakistan does not recognize this letter

as a valid legal document)

Timeline of events in the Kashmir conflict between Indian and Pakistan6 7 8 9

Year Event 1947 Partition of the Indian subcontinent into India and Pakistan 1947 The Maharaja of Kashmir signs a treaty of accession with India after a

Pakistani tribal army attacks War breaks out between India and Pakistan over the region

1984 India raises the issue of Kashmir in the UN Security Council whereby in UN Resolution 47 a call is made for a referendum on the status of the territory The resolution also calls on Pakistan to withdraw its troops and India to cut its military presence to a minimum A ceasefire comes into

This timeline was adapted from the BBCrsquos Kashmir Profile - Timeline PeaceInsightrsquos Kashmir Conflict Timeline and CNNrsquos Timeline of the Kashmir Conflict Information was added to the original text as needed for clarification

4

force but Pakistan refuses to evacuate its troops Kashmir is for practical purposes partitioned

1950s China gradually occupies eastern Kashmir (Aksai Chin) 1951 Elections in the Indian-administered state of Jammu and Kashmir back

accession to India India says this makes a referendum unnecessary The UN and Pakistan say a referendum needs to take into account the views of voters throughout the former princely state

1953 The pro-Indian authorities dismiss and arrest the Prime Minister of Kashmir Sheikh Abdullah leader of the governing National Conference after he takes a pro-referendum stance and delays formal accession to India A new Jammu and Kashmir government ratifies accession to India

1957 The constitution of Indian-administrated Jammu and Kashmir defines it as part of India

1962 China defeats India in a short war for control of Aksai Chin 1963 Pakistan cedes the Trans-Karakoram Tract of Kashmir to China 1965 A brief war between Indian and Pakistan over Kashmir ends in a ceasefire

with a return to territorial status quo and military positions 1971-72 Another Indo-Pakistani war ends in defeat for Pakistan and leads to the

1972 Shimla Agreement This turns the Kashmir ceasefire line into the Line of Control (LOC) requires both sides to settle their differences through negotiations and calls for a final settlement of the Kashmir dispute The Agreement forms the basis of Pakistani-Indian relations thereafter

1974 The Opposition Plebiscite Front in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir drops demand for a referendum in return for extensive autonomy in an agreement with the Indian government Sheikh Abdullah becomes chief minister and his political dynasty continues to dominate the National Conference and state after his death in 1982

1984 The Indian Army seizes control of the Siachen Glacier an area not demarcated by the Line of Control Pakistan makes frequent attempts to capture the area in the following decades

1987 Disputed state elections in Indian-administrated Jammu and Kashmir give impetus to a pro-independence insurgency centered on the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) India accuses Pakistan of fomenting the insurgency by dispatching fighters across the Line of Control which Pakistan denies

1990 The insurgency escalates after the Indian Army kills about 100 demonstrators at Gawakadal Bridge Attacks and threats lead to the flight of almost all Hindus from the Kashmir Valley area of the state India imposes Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) in Jammu and Kashmir

1990s The insurgency continues with Kashmiri militants training in Pakistan and India deploying hundreds of thousands of troops in Jammu and Kashmir Violence against civilians by both sides is widespread Both nations achieve nuclear power neither sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

1999 India and Pakistan go to war again after militants cross from Pakistani-administered Kashmir into the Indian-administered Kargil district India

5

wards off the attack accuses Pakistan of being behind it and breaks off relations

2001-2004 Moves to boost relations between the two countries are punctuated by continuing violence notably a 2001 attack in Srinagar on the parliament of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir

2010 Major protests erupt in the Kashmir Valley of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir over the summer after a demonstrator is killed by the Indian army The protests abate in September after the government announces measures to ease tension

2011 August Kashmir Chief Minister Omar Abdullah announces an amnesty for the 1200 young men who threw stones at security forces during the anti-government protests in the Kashmir Valley the previous year

Indian State Human Rights Commission confirms presence of more than 2000 unidentified bodies in unmarked graves near the Line of Control Activists say many may be people who disappeared after being arrested by security forces

September Indian forces kill three Pakistani soldiers in firing across the Line of Control India accuses Pakistan of opening fire first

2013 February Mohammad Afzal Guru a Kashmiri member of Jaish-e-Mohammed is hanged over role in 2001 Indian parliament terror attack prompting protests in which two young men are killed

September The prime ministers of India and Pakistan meet and agree to try to reduce the number of violent incidents at their disputed border in Kashmir

2014 August India cancels talks with Pakistan after accusing it of interfering in Indias internal affairs The decision comes after Pakistans High Commissioner in Delhi consulted Kashmiri separatist leaders in advance of the talks

During a visit to the disputed border state of Jammu and Kashmir Indias Prime Minister Narendra Modi accuses Pakistan of waging a proxy war against India in Kashmir

October Pakistan and India exchange strongly-worded warnings after a flare-up of violence across their common border leaves at least eighteen people dead

2015 March Indias ruling BJP party is sworn into government in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir for first time in coalition with local Peoples Democratic Party with the latters Mufti Mohammad Sayeed serving as chief minister

6

September Muslim separatist leaders in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir close shops businesses and government departments in protest over at the enforcement of a colonial-era ban on eating beef

November One person dies in violent protests following a visit to Indian-administered Kashmir by Prime Minister Narendra Modi

2016 April Mehbooba Mufti the leader of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) becomes the first female chief minister of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir following the death of her father and party founder Mufti Mohammad Sayeed

July Authorities impose an indefinite curfew in most parts of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir after violent protests sparked by the killing by security forces of Burhan Wani a popular militant and top commander of the Hizbul Mujahideen group

August A curfew in most parts of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir is lifted but schools shops and most banks remain shut and mobile and internet services remain suspended At least sixty-eight civilians and two security officials have died and more than 9000 people injured in over fifty days of violence according to official tallies

September India and Pakistan exchange a war of words after eighteen Indian soldiers are killed in a raid by gunmen on an army base in Indian-administered Kashmir

India says it has carried out surgical strikes against suspected militants along the Line of Control but Pakistan rejects the claims

October The Indian army shoots dead three suspected militants as they try to enter an army camp in northern Kashmir

November Human Rights Watch appeals for an end to the burning of schools in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir after pro-separatist groups destroy 25 such schools

Thousands of villagers in Pakistan-controlled Kashmir are evacuated after violence escalates following the killing of seven Pakistani soldiers in an exchange of fire between India and Pakistan along the Line of Control

2017 May Thousands defy a curfew across Indian-administered Kashmir to attend the funeral of top rebel commander Sabzar Ahmad Bhat

July Violent clashes take place in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir on the anniversary of the death of militant commander Burhan Wani

7

Militants attack Hindu pilgrims killing at least seven and injuring sixteen in the worst such attack since 2000

UN Resolutions on Kashmir undocsorgSRES47(1948)

Topic 1 The Issue of Kashmir in Regards to Violations of the LOC | Summary

Pakistan Afghanistan and China The LOC refers to the ldquoLine of Controlrdquo the de facto

boundary between the India and Pakistan (Note This conference does not focus on the Line of

Actual Control (LAC) the border between India and China) The core of this topic is the Indian

) is an area located in between the countries of India ریشمک Urdu कशीरKashmir (Hindi

Independence Movement of the former half of the previous century When the British Raj was

set to be carved up into the nations of India

and Pakistan (and eventually Bangladesh)

territories were divided according to the

majority religion of the area majority

Hindu areas were considered part of India

while majority Muslim areas were

considered Pakistan These eventually

coalesced into their current form However some areas such as the Princely State of Kashmir

were given free rein as to which country they would choose to go to10

In order to secure the region an army of Pakistani tribes attacked the Princely State of

Kashmir which had a Muslim-majority population but a Hindu ruler or maharaja Because of

the security threat the maharaja felt forced to sign a treaty of accession with India in order to

maintain his rule India claims that this is the basis for Kashmir belonging to them while

Pakistan rejects such a claim and casts doubt the authenticity of the treaty As an issue it is

extremely important to solve due to its lasting impacts on the regional geopolitics and

8

economies Most countries including India and Pakistan agree that the issue has gone on for too

long and seek to finally solve the issue However the two sides differ on many points about

possible solutions

The international community has also recognized the need for resolution The United

Nations has passed 4 resolutions on the India and Pakistan issue namely UNSC Resolutions 38

39 47 and 51 Of all of these UNSC 47 is the most important resolution Both sides technically

agreed to Resolution 47 but neither side has completely fulfilled its responsibilities to the

resolution hence locking the region in a stalemate

Topic 1 The Issue of Kashmir in Regards to Violations of the LOC | Case Studies

Violations of the Line of Control are unfortunately frequent and often result in massive

losses of civilian life on either side of the conflict11 Such violations include the 2611 Attacks on

the Taj Mahal Hotel in Mumbai an attack called the 911 of India perpetrated by the Lashkar-e-

) an allegedly Pakistani-sponsored militant group in Kashmir This attack طیبہ لشکر Taiba (Urdu

resulted in 164 dead and at least 308 injured Other recent major violations of the LOC include

the 2016 UriPathankot attacks against an Indian Army outpost in Kashmir after which

retaliatory ldquosurgical strikesrdquo were conducted against the alleged perpetrators of the violence In

this case جیش India blamed Pakistani-supported groups such as the Jaish-e-Mohammed (Urdu

12 13 14 15 ) for the UriPathankot attacksطیبہ لشکر ) and Lashkar-e-Taiba (Urduدحمم

Terrorism in the region is considered one of the reasons why the issue is so contentious16

17 18 19 Since India considers the attacks as directed from Pakistan the government of India is

distrustful of stated intentions and actions from the Pakistani side Pakistan claims no

responsibility for the actions of what it refers to as ldquolone-wolf terroristsrdquo The delegation of India

9

will most likely take issue with alleged Pakistani-sponsored terrorism in Kashmir and the

delegate of Pakistan will likely have to confront that in session Additional research on how

terrorism affects bilateral relations is thoroughly recommended by the chair Documents curated

by the chair can be found here googlVz2MhK

Topic 1 The Issue of Kashmir in regards to violations of the LOC | Bloc Positions

Besides India and Pakistan whose positions should be obvious many nations favor one

resolution of the issue over others Members of the Association of South East Asian Nations

(ASEAN) are underlined Members of the ASEAN Plus Three are marked with a ldquo+3rdquo mark

India Leaning Neutral Pakistan Leaning India Brunei Pakistan

United States Indonesia (formerly Pakistan leaning)

China+3

Russia Myanmar (slightly India leaning)

Cambodia Philippines (slightly India leaning)

Laos South Korea+3

Malaysia Singapore Thailand Vietnam Japan+3

Topic 1 The Issue of Kashmir in regards to violations of the LOC | Guiding Questions

1) What steps can be taken immediately (both cooperatively and separately) by both parties

to alleviate violations of the LOC and de-escalate tensions

2) What significance does Kashmir play for each nation politically or militarily What

geopolitical significance does the Kashmir issue have for the region and beyond

10

3) What steps should be taken by both parties to collectively find a peaceful end to the

conflict

4) Should a plebiscite be held in Kashmir and if so how should such a plebiscite be

conducted

Further Research Link googlVz2MhK

Topic 2 The Issue of the ownership of the DiaoyuSenkaku Islands | Timeline

The DiaoyuSenkaku Islands (referred to by the Chinese as Diaoyu or 钓鱼岛 and the

Japanese and Senkaku or 尖閣諸島) are an issue that neither President Xi Jinping of China nor

Prime Minister Shinzo Abe of Japan are willing to give any

ground over20 21 Both sides acknowledge the existence of

massive amounts of natural resources in the area including

schools of fish and potential offshore oil and natural gas

reserves Both Japan and China desperately need resources As

the worldrsquos biggest consumer of electricity China uses massive

amounts of coal and oil to power its country and thus would

like to obtain the islands for access to their oilfields Japan is also one the worldrsquos largest

consumers of energy and is also projected to be in a food shortage In order to secure the current

quality of life it would have to secure food and energy resources both of which are in the

DiaoyuSenkaku Islands The islands are claimed by China as part of their historical territory

while Japan which holds control over the islands asserts that the islands were not owned by

anyone before they obtained control over the islands 22 23 In addition the United Nations has not

passed and resolutions on DiaoyuSenkaku Islands to-date

11

Timeline of events in the dispute over the DiaoyuSenkaku Islandsdagger 24

Year Event 1895 The Japanese government formally obtains control of the DiaoyuSenkaku

Islands Japan asserts the islands were not owned by anyone prior to their occupation while China maintains it has had sovereignty over the island chain for centuries

1945 DiaoyuSenkaku Islands as part of Ryukyu Islands come under the US governmentrsquos control after the surrender of Japan at the end of World War II

1972 The Agreement between Japan and the United States of America Concerning the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands is signed between Japan and the US returning the Senkaku Islands (as part of the Ryukyu Islands) to Japanese administration This triggers the first anti-Japanese protests led by Taiwan

1978 The Japan-China Peace and Friendship Treaty is signed between China and Japan in which the dispute over the isles is put aside for future resolution

1996 September 26 Hong Kong activist David Chan drowns after jumping into waters off the DiaoyuSenkaku Islands during a pro-China protest

September 29 Tens of thousands of people gather for a candlelight vigil in Hong Kongrsquos Victoria Park to mourn David Chanrsquos death and protest against Japanrsquos claim of the islands

October 7 Three activists from Hong Kong and Taiwan land on the Diaoyu Islands

2004 Activist Feng Jinhua and six others from China land on the DiaoyuSenkaku Islands the first mainland activists successfully land on the islands

2010 A Chinese trawler collides with Japanese patrol boats near the disputed islands and results in Japan arresting the Chinese skipper Zhan Qixiong The incident prompts a major diplomatic dispute between the two countries

2012 August 14 Hong Kong activists reach the disputed islands by sea for the first time since 1996 with seven activists disembarking onto the island

August 19 Ten Japanese activists swim ashore and raise Japanese flags on the island chain

September 10 Japanrsquos government says it has decided to purchase the disputed islands from a private Japanese owner in an effort Tokyo claims aimed at diffusing territorial tensions

dagger The following timeline has been adopted from the ldquoSouth China Morning Postrdquo Information was added to the original text as needed for clarification

12

September 14 Six Chinese surveillance ships sail into waters around the DiaoyuSenkaku Islands to assert Chinarsquos territorial claims and for ldquolaw enforcementrdquo leaving after seven hours

September 15 The biggest anti-Japanese protests since China and Japan normalized diplomatic relations in 1972 are held in cities across China The Japanese embassy in Beijing is besieged by thousands of protesters throwing rocks eggs and bottles

September 16 Anti-Japanese protests break out in dozens of mainland cities for a second day In some cities peaceful protests turn violent as protesters clash with policemen attack Japanese-made cars and smash up Japanese restaurants

September 17 Some major Japanese firms such as Toyota and Honda temporarily shut factories and offices across China

September 18 Two Japanese activists land on the DiaoyuSenkaku Islands while widespread anti-Japanese protests have been held across China at the anniversary of Japans invasion of Manchuria

Topic 2 The Issue of the ownership of the DiaoyuSenkaku Islands | Summary

Talking historically the Chinese and the Japanese mayDagger have both controlled the islands

at different points of time Leading up to World War II (1937sect-1945) the Japanese controlled the

islands and after the surrender of the Japanese following the explosion of the atomic bombs over

Hiroshima and Nagasaki the US took control over the islands The United Nations Economic

Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) identified potential oil and natural gas reserves

near the islands in 1969 and in 1971 the US Senate passed the Okinawa Reversion Treaty in

which the US returned all rights and interests obtained as a result of World War II in the Pacific

Theatre While we in SPECPOL will not be considering this treaty this may be a useful piece of

evidence for both parties of the conflict to examine

Dagger Due to possible incorrect translations between ancient and modern versions of Chinese and Japanese the chair deliberately uses the word ldquomayrdquosect World War II in the Pacific Theater lasted from 1937 to 1945 rather than 1939 to 1945 in the European Theater The treaty is in the google folder linked (googlVz2MhK)

13

Topic 2 The Issue of the ownership of the DiaoyuSenkaku Islands | Case Studies

Following the Meiji Restoration Japan annexed the Ryukyu Kingdom now the Okinawa

Prefecture This inadvertently set the boundary between China and

Japan as the DiaoyuSenkaku Islands On the map the islands are the

small dots south of the ones labeled ldquoRyukyu Islandsrdquo

The islands were subject to multiple attempts by both Chinese

and Japanese activists attempting to navigate to the island and

asserting territorial claims by leaving flags of their respective

countries on the islands In 1996 Hong Kongrsquos David Chan (Cantonese 陳毓祥) drowned off the

coast of these islands which led to a candle-light vigil held for him as well as a landing on the

islands by three activists about a week later In 2012 multiple activists from both sides of the

conflict continued to land on the islands sparking diplomatic rows between China and Japan As

a resident of Hong Kong at the time the chair recalls the vivid anti-Japanese sentiment expressed

in the city due to these events The Japanese embassy in Beijing was subject to riots and became

a victim of mob violence by citizens of the PRCdaggerdagger

After World War II the islands which geographically fall under the Ryukyu Island

Chain were under the control of the United States25 under Article III of the San Francisco Peace

Treaty and thus Japan argues the Okinawa Reversion Treaty applies to the Islands China

believes that the Islands are a part of Taiwan (formerly Formosa) and as China claims that

Taiwan is officially a part of the PRC the islands therefore belong to China Japanrsquos

daggerdagger It is to be noted that the government of the PRC did not and does not condone the violence committed by its citizens

14

counterargument is that the Treaty of Shimonoseki which ended the first Sino-Japanese War in

which Formosa was ceded to Japan by Chinarsquos ruling Qing Dynasty does not define the limits of

Formosa and hence the Chinese claim that the islands are a part of Formosa is an unfounded

claim

The Korean Academic Seokwoo Lee in his book ldquoTerritorial Disputes among Japan

China and Taiwan concerning the Senkaku Islandsrdquo26 concludes ldquoAccordingly and having

regard to the various factual and legal issues explored above one is inclined to conclude that

Japan has a stronger claim to the disputed islandsrdquo

15

Topic 2 The Issue of the ownership of the DiaoyuSenkaku Islands | Bloc Positions

Besides China and Japan whose positions should be obvious many nations favor one

resolution of the issue over others Almost all members of the ASEAN group remain neutral

Chinese-leaning Neutral Japanese-leaning China ASEAN Japan Russia India United States

Pakistan Taiwan (slight Chinese-leaning)

Australia

Topic 2 The Issue of the ownership of the DiaoyuSenkaku Islands | Guiding Questions

1) What steps can be taken immediately by China and Japan to definitively solve the

territorial dispute

2) What significance do the islands play for each nation politically or militarily What

geopolitical significance do these islands have for the two countries and for other

countries in the region

3) What symbolic message will ownership have for the country that is awarded international

recognition of ownership

4) What steps should be taken by both parties to find a peaceful end to the issue What can

the United Nations do to facilitate a solution to the conflict that it hasnrsquot already done

5) What role does the Okinawa Reversion Treaty play and how valid is it

Further Collected Materials googlVz2MhK

16

Image Works Cited

Kashmir_mapjpg Digital image Kashmir Library Web lthttpwwwkashmirlibraryorgkashmir_timelinekashmir_filesKashmir_mapjpggt

ldquoJapan Maprdquo Map of Japan Owl and Mouse wwwyourchildlearnscomonline-atlasjapan-maphtm

Senkaky_Diaoyu_Tiaoyu_Islandspng Digital image Wikimedia Foundation Web lthttpsuploadwikimediaorgwikipediacommons007Senkaku_Diaoyu_Tiaoyu_Islandspnggt

1 The General Assembly United Nations United Nations Web lthttpwwwunorgengt 2 Special Political and Decolonization Council United Nations United Nations Web lthttpwwwunorgengafourthindexshtmlgt3 United Nations General Assembly Sixth Committee Wikipedia Wikimedia Foundation 25 July 2017 Web lthttpsenwikipediaorgwikiUnited_Nations_General_Assembly_Sixth_Committeegt4 List of All Cases List of All Cases | International Court of Justice United Nations Web lthttpwwwicj-cijorgenlist-of-all-casesgt5 Khan Yasmin Why Pakistan and India Remain in Denial 70 Years on from Partition The Observer | The Guardian Guardian News and Media 05 Aug 2017 Web lthttpswwwtheguardiancomworld2017aug05partition-70-years-on-india-pakistan-denialgt6 Kashmir Profile - Timeline BBC News BBC 21 July 2017 Web lthttpwwwbbccomnewsworld-south-asia-16069078gt 7 Kashmir Conflict Timeline Peace Insight Peace Direct Web lthttpswwwpeaceinsightorgconflictskashmirconflict-profileconflict-timelinegt8 ldquo2016ndash17 Kashmir unrestrdquo Wikipedia Wikimedia Foundation 19 Sept 2017 enwikipediaorgwiki2016E2809317_Kashmir_unrest Accessed 3 Oct 20179 Timeline of the Kashmir Conflict CNN Cable News Network Web lthttpwwwcnncominteractive201609worldkashmir-conflict-timelinekashmir-timeline-snippethtmlgt10 Lee M and Chuck Goodwin Kashmir Conflict Salem Press Encyclopedia January EBSCOhost ezproxyhofstraeduloginurl=httpssearch-ebscohost-comezproxyhofstraeduloginaspxdirect=trueampAuthType=cookieipurlampdb=ersampAN=89158236ampsite=eds-live11 ldquoCrossing the Line of Controlrdquo The Hindu The Hindu 29 Sept 2016 wwwthehinducomopinioneditorialCrossing-the-Line-of-Controlarticle15005873ece Accessed 3 Oct 201712 ldquo2008 Mumbai attacksrdquo Wikipedia Wikimedia Foundation 27 Sept 2017 enwikipediaorgwiki2008_Mumbai_attacks Accessed 3 Oct 201713 Indurthy Rathnam ldquoThe Turns and Shifts in the US Role in the Kashmir Conflict since 1947 Todays Propitious Times for a Facilitator to Resolve Itrdquo Asian Affairs vol 32 no 1 2005 pp 31ndash56 JSTOR JSTOR wwwjstororgstable3017262714 Panda Ankit and Parameswaran Prashanth ldquoCrossing the Line of Control Whats Next for Kashmir After Indias Surgical Strikesrdquo The Diplomat The Diplomat 4 Oct 2016 thediplomatcom201610crossing-the-line-of-control-whats-next-for-kashmir-after-indias-surgical-strikes Accessed 3 Oct 201715 Yasir Sameer ldquoUri Attack Carried out by Jaish-e-Mohammad Militants Confirms Indian Armyrdquo Firstpost Firstpost 21 Sept 2016 wwwfirstpostcomindiauri-attack-carried-out-by-jaish-e-mohammad-militants-confirms-indian-army-3013332html16 Bose Sumantra ldquoKashmir Sources of Conflict Dimensions of Peacerdquo Economic and Political Weekly vol 34 no 13 1999 pp 762ndash768 JSTOR JSTOR wwwjstororgstable440779617 Lalwani Sameer and Gayner Gillian ldquoOn Indian Republic Day Remember Kashmirrdquo The Diplomat The Diplomat 26 Jan 2017 thediplomatcom201701on-indian-republic-day-remember-kashmir Accessed 3 Oct 2017 18 Thorner Alice ldquoThe Kashmir Conflictrdquo Middle East Journal vol 3 no 1 1949 pp 17ndash30 JSTOR JSTOR wwwjstororgstable432203919 Thorner Alice ldquoThe Kashmir Conflictrdquo Middle East Journal vol 3 no 2 1949 pp 164ndash180 JSTOR JSTOR wwwjstororgstable432206320 DeLisle Jacques and Avery Goldstein editors ldquoChinarsquos Territorial and Maritime Disputes in the South and East China Seas What Role for International Lawrdquo Chinas Global Engagement Cooperation Competition and

17

Influence in the 21st Century Brookings Institution Press Washington DC 2017 pp 235ndash290 JSTOR wwwjstororgstable107864jctt1hfr0wn1221 Li Mingjiang ldquoXI JINPING AND THE CHALLENGES TO CHINESE SECURITYrdquo China in the Era of Xi Jinping Domestic and Foreign Policy Challenges edited by Robert S Ross and Jo Inge Bekkevold Georgetown University Press Washington DC 2016 pp 233ndash264 JSTOR wwwjstororgstablejctt1c2crg21322 International Energy Statistics International Energy Statistics US Energy Information Administration - EIA -Independent Statistics and Analysis Web lthttpswwweiagovbetainternationaldatabrowserpa=000000001ampc=ruvvvvvfvtvnvv1urvvvvfvvvvvvfvvvou 20evvvvvvvvvnvvuvoampct=0ampvs=INTL44-2-AFG-QBTUAampvo=0ampv=Hampend=2014gt 23 Manicom James ldquoThe Collapse of Cooperation over the SenkakuDiaoyu Islandsrdquo Bridging Troubled Waters China Japan and Maritime Order in the East China Sea Georgetown University Press Washington DC 2014 pp 42ndash65 JSTOR wwwjstororgstablejctt5vj8tx824 Timeline The Diaoyu-Senkaku Islands Dispute South China Morning Post South China Morning Post 18 Sept 2012 Web lthttpwwwscmpcomnewschinaarticle1039204timeline-diaoyu-senkaku-islands-disputegt25 Blanchard Jean-Marc F ldquoThe U S Role in the Sino-Japanese Dispute over the Diaoyu (Senkaku) Islands 1945-1971rdquo The China Quarterly no 161 2000 pp 95ndash123 JSTOR JSTOR wwwjstororgstable65598226 Lee Seokwoo Territorial Disputes among Japan China and Taiwan Concerning the Senkaku Islands Vol 3 Univ of Durham 2002

1

Hello Delegates

My name is Gopal Khandelwal and I will be serving as your chair for the SPECPOL Committee I wanted to welcome you to the conference and give you some information about myself especially in relation to MUN

Irsquom an international student from Hong Kong currently a freshman at Hofstra University with an undeclared major and I am involved in a large number of on-campus activities This is my first MUN conference as a Hofstra student but I have been to nearly twenty conferences during high school I have also served as a chair three times on three different committees the International Court of Justice (ICJ) the UN Environmental Program and emergency sessions in the General Assembly (GA)

Throughout my Model UN experiences I have debated many different topics In Singapore I voted to extradite Hissegravene Habreacute the former dictator of Chad to Belgium to face his war crimes against his own people and condemned terror organizations around the world In Malaysia I argued for greater protection of the seas and coral reefs from the destructive fishing industry In Hong Kong I advocated for a better Security Council and drafted a plan that would hopefully lead to the end of the terror group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) As a chair I have seen the power zeal and energy that new delegates bring to the table coupled with the knowledge and experience of seasoned delegates The topics we will discuss at this conference are ones that directly affect some of the largest and most important nations not only in Asia but in the world and are those which will require you to exercise skills you may have never known existed within you

I wish you the best of luck

Gopal Khandelwal humuncspecpolgmailcom

2











Legal Committee








3





















4















5













6













7
























8



possible solutions




















9











China+3



Laos South Korea+3







10


conflict


conducted



















11
















12

















13






















14




claim





15






Australia



territorial dispute










16

Image Works Cited





17


2











Legal Committee








3





















4















5













6













7
























8



possible solutions




















9











China+3



Laos South Korea+3







10


conflict


conducted



















11
















12

















13






















14




claim





15






Australia



territorial dispute










16

Image Works Cited





17


3





















4















5













6













7
























8



possible solutions




















9











China+3



Laos South Korea+3







10


conflict


conducted



















11
















12

















13






















14




claim





15






Australia



territorial dispute










16

Image Works Cited





17


4















5













6













7
























8



possible solutions




















9











China+3



Laos South Korea+3







10


conflict


conducted



















11
















12

















13






















14




claim





15






Australia



territorial dispute










16

Image Works Cited





17


5













6













7
























8



possible solutions




















9











China+3



Laos South Korea+3







10


conflict


conducted



















11
















12

















13






















14




claim





15






Australia



territorial dispute










16

Image Works Cited





17


6













7
























8



possible solutions




















9











China+3



Laos South Korea+3







10


conflict


conducted



















11
















12

















13






















14




claim





15






Australia



territorial dispute










16

Image Works Cited





17


7
























8



possible solutions




















9











China+3



Laos South Korea+3







10


conflict


conducted



















11
















12

















13






















14




claim





15






Australia



territorial dispute










16

Image Works Cited





17


8



possible solutions




















9











China+3



Laos South Korea+3







10


conflict


conducted



















11
















12

















13






















14




claim





15






Australia



territorial dispute










16

Image Works Cited





17


9











China+3



Laos South Korea+3







10


conflict


conducted



















11
















12

















13






















14




claim





15






Australia



territorial dispute










16

Image Works Cited





17


10


conflict


conducted



















11
















12

















13






















14




claim





15






Australia



territorial dispute










16

Image Works Cited





17


11
















12

















13






















14




claim





15






Australia



territorial dispute










16

Image Works Cited





17


12

















13






















14




claim





15






Australia



territorial dispute










16

Image Works Cited





17


13






















14




claim





15






Australia



territorial dispute










16

Image Works Cited





17


14




claim





15






Australia



territorial dispute










16

Image Works Cited





17


15






Australia



territorial dispute










16

Image Works Cited





17


16

Image Works Cited





17


17


Hofstra University Model United Nations Conference an undeclared major, and I am involved in a large...

Documents

Transcript of Hofstra University Model United Nations Conference an undeclared major, and I am involved in a large...