Hodge v. Carroll Cty DSS 812 F.supp. 593

8/9/2019 Hodge v. Carroll Cty DSS 812 F.supp. 593

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Westlaw Delivery Summary Report for PATRON ACCESS,-

Date/Time of Request: Thursday, June 24, 2010 16:01 Eastern

Client Identifier: PATRON ACCESS

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Citation Text: 812 F.Supp. 593

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Family brought action against officials of social services departments under 1983. Officials moved to dismiss or in

the alternative for summary judgment and family moved for interlocutory summa

The material accompanying this summary is subject to copyright. Usage is governed by contract with Thomson Reuters,

West and their affiliates.


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United States District Court,

D. Maryland.

David R. HODGE, et al.

v.

CARROLL COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF SO-

CIAL SERVICES, et al.

Civ. No. HM-92-155.

Sept. 21, 1992.

Family brought action against officials of social

services departments under 1983. Officials movedto dismiss or in the alternative for summary judg-

ment and family moved for interlocutory summary

judgment. The District Court, Herbert F. Murray,

Senior District Judge, held that: (1) family could

seek equitable relief against officials in their offi-

cial capacities and monetary relief against officials

in their individual capacities under Eleventh

Amendment; (2) family stated a claim under 1983

based on alleged deprivation of their protected in-

terest in familial privacy; and (3) officials were not

entitled to qualified immunity.

Ordered accordingly.

West Headnotes

[1] Federal Courts 170B 265

170B Federal Courts

170BIV Citizenship, Residence or Character of

Parties, Jurisdiction Dependent on

170BIV(A) In General

170Bk264 Suits Against States

170Bk265 k. Eleventh Amendment inGeneral; Immunity. Most Cited Cases

Federal Courts 170B 269

170B Federal Courts




170Bk268 What Are Suits Against States

170Bk269 k. State Officers or Agen-

cies, Actions Against. Most Cited Cases

Eleventh Amendment provides states and their

agents with absolute immunity from suit in federal

court; when considering whether immunity pre-

cludes federal claims against particular local entity,

courts must examine essential nature of entity under

state law. U.S.C.A. Const.Amend. 11.


170B Federal Courts







Eleventh Amendment precludes action against

county department of social services that has been

held to be agency of state. U.S.C.A. Const.Amend.

11.


170B Federal Courts







Eleventh Amendment precludes claims in federal

court against individuals in their official capacities

as directors of social services departments to extentplaintiffs seek monetary damages. U.S.C.A.

Const.Amend. 11.


170B Federal Courts


Page 1

812 F.Supp. 593

(Cite as: 812 F.Supp. 593)

2010 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works.
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Exception to immunity under Eleventh Amendment

for state agencies exists for federal claims for

purely prospective equitable relief, even if claims

might have ancillary effect on state treasury.

U.S.C.A. Const.Amend. 11.


170B Federal Courts







Absolute immunity under Eleventh Amendment

does not extend to individual state officials sued in

their individual capacities. U.S.C.A. Const.Amend.

11.

[6] Federal Civil Procedure 170A 2533.1

170A Federal Civil Procedure

170AXVII Judgment

170AXVII(C) Summary Judgment

170AXVII(C)3 Proceedings

170Ak2533 Motion

170Ak2533.1 k. In General. Most

Cited Cases

(Formerly 170Ak2533)

Where both parties have submitted matters outside

complaint, district court transforms defendants' mo-

tion to dismiss into one for summary judgment.

Fed.Rules Civ.Proc.Rule 12(b), 28 U.S.C.A.

[7] Federal Civil Procedure 170A 2470.4


170AXVII Judgment


170AXVII(C)1 In General

170Ak2465 Matters Affecting Right to

Judgment

170Ak2470.4 k. Right to Judgment

as Matter of Law. Most Cited Cases

Federal Civil Procedure 170A 2544


170AXVII Judgment



170Ak2542 Evidence

170Ak2544 k. Burden of Proof.

Most Cited Cases

Summary judgment is appropriate only if no genu-

ine issues of material fact exist and moving party is

entitled to judgment as matter of law; burden is on

moving party to demonstrate absence of issues of

material fact. Fed.Rules Civ.Proc.Rule 56(c), 28

U.S.C.A.

[8] Federal Civil Procedure 170A 2543


170AXVII Judgment



170Ak2542 Evidence

170Ak2543 k. Presumptions. Most

Cited Cases

For purposes of deciding motion for summary judg-

ment, district court must construe all facts and reas-

onable inferences in favor of nonmoving party.

Fed.Rules Civ.Proc.Rule 56(c), 28 U.S.C.A.

[9] Civil Rights 78 1304

78 Civil Rights

78III Federal Remedies in General

78k1304 k. Nature and Elements of Civil Ac-

tions. Most Cited Cases

(Formerly 78k196.1, 78k192)

To state claim under 1983, plaintiffs must show

both that offending conduct was committed by per-

son acting under color of state law and that conduct

deprived plaintiffs of rights secured by Constitution

Page 2

812 F.Supp. 593


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4/22

or laws of United States. 42 U.S.C.A. 1983.


78 Civil Rights78I Rights Protected and Discrimination Prohib-

ited in General

78k1026 Rights Protected

78k1028 k. Due Process of Law and

Equal Protection. Most Cited Cases

(Formerly 78k109)

In combination with due process clause of Four-

teenth Amendment, 1983 allows plaintiffs to as-

sert three kinds of federal claims, claims for

deprivation by state officials of specific protections

defined in bill of rights, claims under substantive

component of due process clause relating to arbit-

rary wrongful government action, and claims under

procedural component of due process clause relat-

ing to deprivations of life, liberty, or property

without due process of law. U.S.C.A.

Const.Amend. 14; 42 U.S.C.A. 1983.

[11] Constitutional Law 92 3867

92 Constitutional Law

92XXVII Due Process

92XXVII(B) Protections Provided and

Deprivations Prohibited in General

92k3867 k. Procedural Due Process in

General. Most Cited Cases

(Formerly 92k278(1), 92k277(1), 92k255(1),

92k254.1)

If plaintiffs assert claim under 1983 based on pro-

cedural component of due process clause relating to

deprivations of life, liberty, or property, first in-

quiry is whether defendants deprived plaintiffs of

protected liberty or property interest, and if so, dis-

trict court must determine whether process afforded

to plaintiffs conformed to constitutional minimumunder circumstances. U.S.C.A. Const.Amend. 14;

42 U.S.C.A. 1983.



92XXVII Due Process



92k3868 Rights, Interests, Benefits, or

Privileges Involved in General

92k3873 k. Liberties and Liberty In-

terests. Most Cited Cases

(Formerly 92k254.1)

As fundamental concept in Constitution, liberty

broadly encompasses interests more far reaching

than mere freedom from bodily restraint, but does

not extend limitlessly to every conceivable indi-

vidual interest that might impinge upon one's pur-

suit of happiness in free society. U.S.C.A.

Const.Amend. 14.



92XXVII Due Process

92XXVII(G) Particular Issues and Applica-

tions

92XXVII(G)2 Governments and Political

Subdivisions in General

92k4067 k. Public Records or Informa-

tion. Most Cited Cases

(Formerly 92k255(2))

Interest in avoiding disclosure of personal mattersis implicated when government shares private in-

formation or when government collects private in-

formation in absence of legitimate state interest for

such collection. U.S.C.A. Const.Amend. 14.



92XI Right to Privacy

92XI(A) In General

92k1212 k. Disclosure of Personal Mat-

ters. Most Cited Cases(Formerly 92k82(7))

Keeping of sensitive information relating to person-

al lives and activities of private citizens for exten-

ded period of time requires that government have

legitimate interest in collecting information.

Page 3

812 F.Supp. 593


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5/22




92XI(B) Particular Issues and Applications

92k1247 Family Law; Marriage

92k1248 k. In General. Most Cited

Cases


Current safeguards, including criminal sanctions for

improper disclosure of confidential information, ad-

equately limited access to family's case file which

included allegation of child abuse that was later

ruled out, where there was overriding state interest

in using information to further governmental in-

terest in protecting children, even though family'ssubstantial interest in familial privacy favored addi-

tional safeguards. 42 U.S.C.A. 1983.



92XXVII Due Process


tions

92XXVII(G)10 War and National Secur-

ity

92k4250 k. Security Clearances. MostCited Cases

(Formerly 92k254.1)

National security clearances are not property pro-

tected by due process clause. U.S.C.A.

Const.Amends. 5, 14.


78 Civil Rights

78I Rights Protected and Discrimination Prohib-

ited in General

78k1030 Acts or Conduct Causing Depriva-

tion

78k1038 k. Defamation. Most Cited Cases

(Formerly 78k115)

Action for defamation cannot be transformed into

federal claim under 1983. 42 U.S.C.A. 1983.

[18] Infants 211 133

211 Infants

211VIII Dependent, Neglected, and Delinquent

Children

211VIII(A) In General

211k133 k. Juvenile Records. Most Cited

Cases

Any computerized database that includes records of

cases of suspected child abuse is central registry

under Maryland law, and, therefore, must be kept in

accordance with statutory procedural safeguards.

Md.Code, Family Law, 5-715.



92XXVII Due Process



92k3867 k. Procedural Due Process in

General. Most Cited Cases

(Formerly 92k278(1), 92k255(1))

Where state officers deprive individual of protected

liberty or property interest in accordance with es-

tablished state procedures, one may attack those

procedures as violative of due process. U.S.C.A.

Const.Amend. 14.


78 Civil Rights

78I Rights Protected and Discrimination Prohib-

ited in General

78k1057 k. Child Custody, Support, and Pro-

tection; Parental Rights. Most Cited Cases

(Formerly 78k110.1, 78k110)

Family that was investigated for child abuse stated

claim under 1983 based on social services offi-

cials' refusal to comply with statutory procedural

requirements of notice and hearing before entering

family's name on central registry containing records

of reported cases of suspected child abuse. Md.

Code, Family Law, 5-715.


Page 4

812 F.Supp. 593


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6/22


92XXVII Due Process


tions

92XXVII(G)18 Families and Children

92k4400 Protection of Children; Child

Abuse, Neglect, and Dependency

92k4403 k. Reports and Lists. Most

Cited Cases


Infants 211 133

211 Infants


Children



Cases

Family that was investigated for child abuse was

not entitled under due process clause to have com-

plete access to information contained in central re-

gistry regarding suspected child abuse, even though

child abuse was ruled out. Md. Code, Family Law,

5-715; U.S.C.A. Const.Amend. 14.



92XXVII Due Process


tions

92XXVII(G)18 Families and Children

92k4400 Protection of Children; Child

Abuse, Neglect, and Dependency

92k4403 k. Reports and Lists. Most

Cited Cases


Infants 211 133

211 Infants


Children



Cases

Family that was investigated for child abuse was

not entitled under due process clause to add written

material to their case file in central registry of sus-

pected child abusers, even though child abuse was

ruled out. Md.Code, Family Law, 5-715;

U.S.C.A. Const.Amend. 14.

[23] Civil Rights 78 1376(2)

78 Civil Rights


78k1372 Privilege or Immunity; Good Faith

and Probable Cause

78k1376 Government Agencies and Of-

ficers

78k1376(2) k. Good Faith and Reason-

ableness; Knowledge and Clarity of Law; Motive

and Intent, in General. Most Cited Cases


Public officials enjoy qualified immunity from liab-

ility under 1983 unless their actions violate

clearly established statutory or constitutional rights

of which reasonable person would have known. 42

U.S.C.A. 1983.

[24] Officers and Public Employees 283 114

283 Officers and Public Employees

283III Rights, Powers, Duties, and Liabilities

283k114 k. Liabilities for Official Acts. Most

Cited Cases

Defense of qualified immunity does not shield pub-

lic officials from liability in their official capacities,

but only in their individual capacities.

[25] Civil Rights 78 1376(2)

78 Civil Rights


78k1372 Privilege or Immunity; Good Faith

and Probable Cause

78k1376 Government Agencies and Of-

ficers

78k1376(2) k. Good Faith and Reason-

ableness; Knowledge and Clarity of Law; Motive

Page 5

812 F.Supp. 593


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7/22

and Intent, in General. Most Cited Cases


It was clearly established in 1989 that family had

protected interest in familial privacy by time de-

partment of social services became aware that sus-

picions of child abuse had been ruled out and,

therefore, social services officials were not entitled

to qualified immunity from family's action under

1983, even though officials argued that they made

every effort in good faith to comply with state law.

42 U.S.C.A. 1983.

[26] Federal Civil Procedure 170A 2557


170AXVII Judgment



170Ak2557 k. Partial Summary Judg-

ment. Most Cited Cases

For purposes of motion by plaintiffs for inter-

locutory summary judgment, district court must

construe evidence and reasonable inferences drawn

therefrom in light most favorable to defendants, and

genuine issues of material fact raised by defendants

will defeat plaintiffs' motion.




92XI(B) Particular Issues and Applications

92k1247 Family Law; Marriage

92k1248 k. In General. Most Cited

Cases


Infants 211 133

211 Infants


Children



Cases

Family was deprived of familial privacy where so-

cial services officials failed to remove family's case

file from central registry of suspected child abusers

after reaching conclusion that child could not have

been victim of child abuse, where deprivation oc-

curred without due process of law, and where no le-

gitimate state interest supported maintaining case

file after true nature of child's condition was dis-

covered. U.S.C.A. Const.Amend. 14; 42 U.S.C.A.

1983.

*595 Tracy E. Mulligan, Rockville, MD, Edwin

Vieira, Jr., Independent Hill, VA, for plaintiffs.

Donna R. Heller, Shelly E. Mintz, Baltimore, MD,

for defendants.

MEMORANDUM

HERBERT F. MURRAY, Senior District Judge.

The plaintiffs, David and Marsha Hodge, individu-

ally and on behalf of their son, Joseph Hodge, have

filed this 1983 action against the defendants, the

Carroll County Department of Social Services

(CCDSS), M. Alexander Jones, Director of

CCDSS, Alan Katz, Assistant Director of CCDSS,

and Carolyn Colvin, Director of the Maryland De-

partment of Human Relations (MDHR), with re-spect to an investigation by CCDSS into a report of

suspected child abuse. Pending before this Court

are the motion of the defendants to dismiss or in the

alternative for summary judgment and the motion

of the plaintiffs for interlocutory summary judg-

ment. For the reasons stated below, this Court will

grant the defendants' motion in part and deny that

*596 motion in part, and grant the plaintiffs' mo-

tion.

I. MOTION TO DISMISS

The defendants raise three arguments in support of

their motion to dismiss: first, that the plaintiffs have

failed to state a claim for relief under 42 U.S.C.

1983; second, that the defendants enjoy absolute

immunity from suit under the Eleventh Amendment

Page 6

812 F.Supp. 593


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8/22

to the United States Constitution; and third, that the

individual defendants enjoy qualified immunity in

this case. This Court will consider each of those ar-

guments, although in a slightly different order.

A. Eleventh Amendment Immunity

[1] The Eleventh Amendment provides the States

and their agents with absolute immunity from suit

in the federal courts. Edelman v. Jordan, 415 U.S.

651, 662-63, 94 S.Ct. 1347, 1355-56, 39 L.Ed .2d

662 (1974). When considering whether that im-

munity precludes federal claims against a particular

local entity, courts must examine the essential

nature of that entity under state law. Mt. Healthy

City Bd. of Educ. v. Doyle, 429 U.S. 274, 280, 97

S.Ct. 568, 572-73, 50 L.Ed.2d 471 (1977).

[2] The United States Court of Appeals for the

Fourth Circuit already has examined Maryland's so-

cial services system in the context of Eleventh

Amendment immunity, and has concluded that the

county departments of social services are agencies

of the State for Eleventh Amendment purposes.

Keller v. Prince George's County, 923 F.2d 30, 32

(4th Cir.1991); see also Williams v. Anderson, 753

F.Supp. 1306, 1311 (D.Md.1990) (holding Kent

County Department of Social Services immune

from suit under the Eleventh Amendment). Accord-

ingly, the Eleventh Amendment precludes this ac-

tion against CCDSS.

[3][4][5] To the extent that the plaintiffs seek mon-

etary damages, the Eleventh Amendment also pre-

cludes claims in federal court against the individual

defendants in their official capacities. Edelman, 415

U.S. at 663, 94 S.Ct. at 1355-56. However, an ex-

ception to immunity exists for federal claims for

purely prospective equitable relief, even if such

claims might have an ancillary effect on the State

Treasury. See Quern v. Jordan, 440 U.S. 332, 337,

99 S.Ct. 1139, 1143, 59 L.Ed.2d 358 (1979) (citing

Ex Parte Young, 209 U.S. 123, 28 S.Ct. 441, 52

L.Ed. 714 (1908)). Finally, absolute immunity un-

der the Eleventh Amendment does not extend in

any event to individual state officials sued in their

individual capacities.

In this case, the plaintiffs have named Jones, Katz,

and Colvin in both their official and individual ca-

pacities. Within the Eleventh Amendment frame-

work outlined above, the plaintiffs may seek equit-

able relief against the individual defendants in their

official capacities and monetary relief against those

defendants in their individual capacities. Accord-

ingly, this Court will not grant the defendants' mo-

tion to dismiss those claims based on Eleventh

Amendment immunity.

B. Failure to State a Claim

[6] In further support of their motion to dismiss the

complaint, the individual defendants argue that the

plaintiffs have failed to state a claim upon which

relief may be granted. Because the parties both

have submitted matters outside the complaint, this

Court will transform the defendants' motion to dis-

miss into one for summary judgment. Fed.R.Civ.P.

12(b).

[7][8] Rule 56(c) of the Federal Rules of Civil Pro-

cedure permits a grant of summary judgment only if

no genuine issues of material fact exist and the

moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter

of law. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S.

242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 2510, 91 L.Ed.2d 202

(1986). The burden is on the moving party to

demonstrate the absence of such issues of material

fact. For the purposes of deciding the defendants'

motion, this Court must construe all facts and reas-

onable inferences in favor of the plaintiffs. Celotex

Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323-24, 106 S.Ct.

2548, 2552-53, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). Mindful of

these well-established principles, this Court will

proceed to *597 a reading of the complaint and

evidence submitted in this case in connection with

the defendants' motion.

On January 20, 1989, David and Marsha Hodge ad-

mitted their three-month-old son, Joseph, into Car-

Page 7

812 F.Supp. 593


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