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REGULAR FEATURESAnimals & Their CompanionsAd Index & Telephone #’s

Pages

Philosophy - The Sum

Issues - Expect an abundance of miller moths

Know Your Rights

Information-How To: Entering Rocky Mtn Nat’l Park

Conservation-2 Vulnerable Senators Flip on Bill

Tips - Summer Maintenance For Your Home

Issues - But It’s A Dry Heat

Alternative Living Encampments

Wildlife - Update: Buffalo Field Campaign.org

Environmental- Civil Disobedience-Deforestation

Gardener - Safely Manage Insect Pests

Issues - A Full-time Workforce of Firefighters

Observation - A Dose of Courage Every Day

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CONTENTS

Highlander uses Sustainable Printing: Recycled paper, Sustainable Forestry,paper recovery, ultra low VOC, renewable printing plates, Green Certification.

Dedicated to Positive News whenever possible!Check the online issue to see the pictures in color!And if you did not get a hard copy in the mail.

HANDYNUMBERS

About the Cover: Swans,

by Omayra Acevedo.

PUBLISHER, EDITOR, ADVERTISING SALES,COPY EDITOR, PRODUCTION & DESIGNAnita M. WilksCONTRIBUTING WRITERS

Omayra AcevedoDiane BergstromBuffaloFieldCampaign.orgColorado State UniversityChris D’Angelo - High Country Newsearthtalk.orgMelinda MyersOprah MagazineJim Plane - State Farm InsurancePeter Rice - High Country NewsAnastasia Selby - High Country NewsValerie WedelIngrid T. WinterCONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHERS/ARTISTSOmayra AcevedoDiane Bergstromearthtalk.orgStephany Seay -BuffaloFieldCampaign.orgUSFS N. Region/CC via FlickrMax WhittakerAnita Wilks

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PAGE 4 July 2020

Article & Photos (Cover also) by Omayra Acevedo

Love, in general, is defined as an intense feeling of deepaffection, or a great interest and pleasure in something. I define love as the sum of all experiences in life. Love canbe seen in anyone, anything and everything. However, likemost things worth having, love is truly powerful when it isleft to take its natural course. I understand that a lot ofthings take effort and so can love. My mother and I shareda very special kind of love; though it only lasted 27 years,the strength behind it will last for the remainder of my life.The respect, appreciation and admiration I have for mybrother, a healthy lifestyle, creativity, my cats and nature isalso love. In my humble opinion, of course. Love is colorful, multileveled and the most beautiful,

heart-changing thing we will ever experience. Some of usprefer multiple experiences with numerous people. Someof us much rather be the number one in someone else’s life,and others are content to live with the mere idea of thatperfect love. Even in nature you can find monogamy,polygamy and extreme independence. Lions, walruses, dolphins and hyenas are some of the most polygamous

creatures in the animal Kingdom. The Bonobos Monkeysare said to be the most sex-crazed species. According tosome studies, sexual intimacy is not only highly pleasurable for Bonobos, it is considered an important social tool within their troop. It reaffirms communal bonds,resolves conflicts, relieves tension and generally keeps thepeace.Monogamy might be considered a prized value in many

cultures, but in the animal kingdom, it is believed that only3 -5 percent of species are known to form lifelong partners.Macaroni Penguins, Sandhill Cranes, Seahorses, Eaglesand Barn Owls are known to have only one mate at a time.Take flamingos for example, they tend to stay with thesame companion and when living within a flock, they willall mate during the same period so that all of the chickswill hatch at the same time. The passion they share withtheir family and their colonies binds them together sodeeply that it even influences how and when they live theirlives. For the hopeful romantic in me, there’s a certain typeof beauty to this concept.Wolverines, snow leopards,

July 2020 PAGE 5

Highlander Philosophy

The Sum

(Continued on next page.)

Highlander Philosophy

PAGE 6 July 2020

Black Rhinos, skunks and the lionfish are found to be themost solitary creatures on earth. Nonetheless, the energysaved by being independent is what is used when matingseason comes around.Preferring to be alonedoesn’t mean onecan’t spend time andbond with others. It’sjust that we’re morecomfortable with ourown company. I say‘we’ because I am definitely an introvertand given the choice, I do prefer to be alonemore times than Ichoose to be aroundpeople. Which is possibly why I lovewriting so much! It’sjust me, my cats, theview, maybe somemusic and my creativity. The biggest symbol

associated with love isthe dove. You’ll find itin valentine day cards, wedding decorations and anythingpertaining to romance. Yes, doves do mate for life. Manythings symbolize love: animals, Celtic knots, the color red,hearts, roses and sometimes jewelry. Regardless of yourexperience with love, it is the feeling and experience that

you remember more than an object. So, you see, love is asequally about living, happiness, health and beauty as it isromance. Love is the sum of all our experiences in life and

it is more than okay that we all feel it differently. Whatworks for one person may not work for another. But I wantto believe that we can all agree; whether it is for a momentor a lifetime, when true love does cross our path, it feelsINCREDIBLE!

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July 2020 PAGE 7

Highlander Issues

From CSUIf the swarms of flying insects infiltrating doorways,

backyards and gardens the last few weeks are any indication, miller moth season in Colorado is here.Following four straight years of below-average numbersfor the winged creatures, the insect should be noticeablymore abundant in 2020. “Flights of the moths crossing through into eastern Colorado on their annual migration to the mountains firstbecame noticeable the first few days of May, much earlierthan 2019, when noticeable numbers were first observed inlate May,” the insect experts write in a fact sheet for CSUExtension.Familiar to native Coloradans, “miller moth” is the

common name for the adult stage of the army cutworm,a.k.a. Euxoa auxiliaris. They originate from fields acrosseastern Colorado and adjacent areas of western Kansas andNebraska. Peak moth flights may last five to six weeks,generally starting the last week of May or early June. Already, the moths have damaged crops in Colorado, Nebraska and Kansas.If Front Range residents are swatting more moths than

usual this year, they have relatively low moisture conditions in fall, winter and spring to thank, according tothe CSU entomology team. It’s been drier this year thanlast, reducing the number of blooming flowers. Plus, afreeze in mid-April killed blossoms from plants that wouldnormally be in peak bloom in early to mid-May. Withfewer flowers available to the insects during their migration, they tend to concentrate in areas with largernumbers of flowering plants – usually, irrigated landscapes,including yards and gardens.Annoying as they can be, the moths won’t stick aroundforever. Flight activity of the moths will accelerate as thenight temps warm. A warning, though: Cool, wet periods might make the migrating moths stay a while. And justto confuse matters, Cranshaw adds,there is another moth event happeningalong the Front Range now – the adultalfalfa webworm, a smaller, mottled-gray moth that is very visible by daywhen walking across a yard.Miller moth fast facts - Why are

they called “miller moths?” Finescales that easily rub off cover theirwings. The scales reminded people ofthe dusty flour on the clothing of grainmillers. What was the heaviest mothflight in recent history? Since at leastthe early 1980s, the heaviest, mostprolonged flight of miller moths across eastern Colorado occurred in 1991.What eats them? - They have many

natural enemies, including predatoryground beetles, hunting wasps, andmany birds. Grizzly bears in

Yellowstone are known to feed on large numbers of the fat-rich moths they find under loose rocks.What are those swallows doing circling my car?A

commonly observed phenomenon during miller time isswallows – which love to eat miller moths – congregatingat road intersections. This can occur because moths thathad sought shelter in car chassis are warmed by the engineand emerge while the cars are idling at a stop light.How do the moths get inside a house? They avoid

daylight and seek shelter before daybreak. Small cracks indoorways, garages and cars are perfect hiding spots. Atnight, they emerge to resume their migratory flights and tofeed.Why are moths attracted to lights at night? Moths, and

many other flying insects, are confused by low-point lightsources because they naturally use the moon or stars to orient their flights.Are miller moths harmful? The caterpillar stage can bea pest for crops in the spring, and they can kill seedlingplants. Mostly, the adults are just a nuisance. Moths in thehome do not lay eggs or feed on household furnishings orfood. If large numbers die in a home, there may be a smallodor problem due to the fat in their bodies turning rancid.Large numbers can leave spots on walls from their meconia, which is waste stored during pupal development.How do I control miller moths in my home? Seal

obvious openings around windows and doors. Reducelighting at night in and around homes. An easy trap tomake is to suspend a light bulb over a bucket partiallyfilled with soapy water (always use a grounded plug andextreme caution with any electrical device near water).Moths attracted to the light often fall into the water and arekilled. Moths are not very susceptible to insecticides.What is extreme fear of moths called?Mottephobia.

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By Valerie WedelWhat times we live in! Exciting, triumphant, terrifying or

hopeful? Many of us may have watched and / or participated in protests for civil rights during June, 2020 inDenver, Boulder, or one of the many other communities weshare. Have you found yourself recently called to take action? Civil rights are again, still, at the forefront of ournews. The Denver ACLU recently presented an online training

titled “Lunch and Learn – Police Encounters.” The recording is available at: https://youtu.be/3HVrCGETzMEThis presentation was designed to teach civilian rights andresponsibilities in a police encounter.For those of us who are white, this may be something we

never thought much about. Why would you need to knowyour rights? What rights would you be talking about? Police might pull you over for expired license plates, orspeeding, or some other traffic violation. Given the stressof the police job, you may have been advised to turn onyour car’s dome light at night, so an officer could see youclearly and know you are not packing a gun. If you grew up as a white, middle class person in, say,

Chicago or New York, it may never have occurred to youthere could be any other reason to be pulled over. Or...

Those other reasons might happen to other people, wholived far away from your own neighborhood. Perhaps folkyou saw on tv.Perhaps this middle class person would have said she/he

was not racist in any way shape or form. In fact, with a history of activism, one might have believed she or he wasthe opposite of a racist. Sadly there is another world, sideby side with this one. A world we should all be aware of. After many decades on this planet, with many blackfriends, still I only became aware of this parallel world justa few weeks ago. It is a reality where you walk out of yourhouse on your way to work, and three police grab you,rough you up, and search your backpack. Looking fordrugs, they say. Or perhaps you are out for a jog. Running along the

sidewalk, a police cruiser pulls up, blocks you, and policeleap out. They point their guns at you, shouting and ordering you face down on the ground. They tell you acrime was committed nearby and you fit the description.After forcing you face down on cement at gunpoint, theyeventually decide you are not a suspect after all. They driveoff. Police state of eastern Europe? No. This is us - theUnited States of America.Now let’s Imagine an alternate scenario: You are jogging,

and a police cruiser pulls over. The police ask you courteously if you have seen anyone nearby matching thusand such description. They inform you a crime may havebeen committed in the area, and advise caution. They handyou a card with a number you can call if you see anythingto report.Now imagine what color each citizen might be for these

scenarios. In the United States, it is a vanishingly slimchance that a white person will end up face down on concrete, with police guns pointed at him or her, simplywhile out jogging.It was shocking to realize I’ve been oblivious to this

ongoing violence against people of color. Even my friendsof color did not talk about this in front of me, let alone withme. Only in light of very recent events nation-wide are

PAGE 8 July 2020

Highlander Issues

Know Your Rights

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July 2020 PAGE 9

many white people becoming privy to “The Talk.” This isa talk that parents of color give to their children, to helpkeep them safe. As the ACLU presentation said, the onlyaim of a police encounter, in the eyes of a black parent, isfor their child to get home safely, alive and in one piece. To achieve getting home safely, alive and in one piece,

know your rights. Watch the ACLU presentation. One example – never run from police. Instead, respond courteously if at all possible. Keep a level head. TheACLU presentation also discusses the importance of de-escalation – behaviors that help to calm a situation, andother people. Another point from the ACLU video: No one has theright to stop you on the street and search your person,effects or vehicle without a search warrant. State clearly:“I do not consent to search.” Clearly stating this may notstop an illegal police search at gunpoint, but it does meanyou are on record stating your rights. An attorney can lateruse this to help keep, or get, you out of jail. The positionhere is to never allow an unauthorized search of your selfor possessions. Can you guarantee one of your friends oracquaintances did not leave something suspicious or illegalin your trunk? You may not know it is there, but if policefind it, you could be arrested and held legally responsible. If police stop you on the street, you also have the right to

say (calmly and courteously): “Officer, am I being detained, or am I free to go?” If the police are not detainingor arresting you on the spot, then you are free to go. At thatpoint you may firmly and quietly walk away.Now, if you are white and middle class, imagine as a

parent teaching your children this and more, in hopes theycome home safely. Consider how we might heal andchange. What action can we take, and continue taking, that

help make all our worlds better for all of us?Several years ago I enjoyed a morning routine, of coffee

in a shop in town, before work. It was a favorite place forpolice to hang out also. Initially this made me feel verysafe. As time went on, I would often overhear senior officers asking younger officers if they were sleeping ok.More often than not the answer would be a quiet shake ofthe head. How were they feeling? The answer might be ashrug, or silence. As these conversations unfolded veryquietly, it became apparent some, perhaps many, police appeared to be suffering from anxiety and trauma. They didnot know if each simple traffic stop might turn into gunsblazing, a driver firing away, in a fit of road rage or otherinsanity. There are many great police officers, who deeply believe

in protecting and serving the public good. They are willingto put their lives on the line for the rest of us. Just as manyactivists are willing to do. How wonderful then to see police marching peacefully, arm in arm with protesters,here in Denver recently. I believe this conversation is essential. When opposing parties walk arm in arm for agreater cause of peace and healing, there is hope and reason for celebration. May we learn during this crucible of fire... May we be

tempered in wisdom and compassion. Which feeling doyou choose - exciting, triumphant, terrifying or hopeful? Editor’s Note: While I agree and applaud Ms. Wedel’s research on this issue it cannot be stressed enough that awhite person is ill equipped to know how people of colordeal with descrimination and oppression in their dailylives. Law enforcement has long suffered from a fear of theunknown assailant, it is documented and yet not a reasonfor brutality or abuse of power against anyone.

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Highlander Information

Article and photographs by Diane Bergstrom

We’re in new territory everywhere including a newprocess to get into our backyard national park. A new normal is blazing trails within the national park system too.Crowded parks in other states, like Zion and Arches, arewatching how effective, or cumbersome, the new timedentry permit system plays out in Rocky, which was first togo online with the system. Yosemite was next. The systemserves to control crowded roads, filled parking lots,

bustling trails and public areas in order to make a safer,more enjoyable experience for visitors while also complying with public health guidelines. This entryprocess is planned (subject to change) to stay in placethrough October, so if you intend to visit the park, youmight want to take a deep breath and embrace the new anddifferent approach. Being a park nerd, I’ll try to help.

Why bother? Well, if you’re going to make the drive, youmight as well improve your odds of getting in. On openingweekend, 70% of visitors complied with the reservationsystem while 30% showed up without a reservation. Forthose 30%, they were only allowed in if there were openings in any time slot. Some were flat out turned away.Permits are NOT sold at the entrances so you must printone before getting through the gate. Volunteers and employees at key visitor points are trying to assist visitorsfind openings but a closed time slot is still closed.

Reservations and a permit are required for park entry between 6 am and 5 pm. The cost is $2 regardless ofwhether you have an interagency annual pass, a seniorpass, or a RMNP pass. Think about it this way; the permitgets you through the gate and the pass gets you through thepark. You’ll need both. If you or your guests plan on visit-ing several days in a row, you will need to obtain an entry

Just How Does One Enter Rocky Mtn Nat’l Park?

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July 2020 PAGE 11

Highlander Informationpermit for each day. TIP: If youwant to avoid the whole permit pro-cedure, go before 6 am or after 5 pm. Right now, reservations arebeing taken for the remaining daysin July through the month of August. On August 1, you can makereservations for the remaining daysin August through September. Youget the picture.The hows: First: create an account

at www.recreation.gov. Click on the“Sign Up” tab and answer the fewquestions. You’ll be sent a verifyingemail to create a password. You’llneed this account password everytime you make a timed entry reservation. TIP: it would also behelpful to have your park passahead of making a reservation, unless you intend to buy a day passalong with the permit. Note that it istaking 2-4 weeks to receive an annual or lifetime pass in the mail.Second: to get the timed entry permit, go back to

www.recreation.gov, armed withyour new password, and click onRMNP, then under “Reservations,”click on “Tours and Tickets” box.On the next screen, click on“RMNP Timed Entry.” On theright side of the screen, you’ll see“Reserve Tickets.” Fill out theprompts including the private vehicle entry, pass type, chosendate, and time slot. Once you enterthe date, a box of time slots ranging from 6 am to 3 pm willappear with the number of permitsavailable or the words “SOLDOUT.” Choose your entry time.You will be prompted to enter yourpass type, pass ID number, emailand password before the checkoutscreens. (READER CHECK IN:How are you doing? Need abreak? Glass of water, or a beer?)We’re almost done. TIP: Timedentry permits are NOT sold at thepark so you will need to gothrough this


July 2020

Highlander Informationprocedure beforeyou get there.You’ll receive anemail confirmation andentry permit.Print out theentry permit andbring it with youto an entrancestation. The automated passlanes that previously allowed you toswipe your cardpass for quickerentry are nowclosed, due toentry permit re-quirements. If you are visiting outlying areas, i.e. LilyLake, Longs Peak, you will need to display the permit onyour dashboard. There are still bugs in the new system sobe patient. A friend looked up accessibility a week in ad-vance and some of the time slots posted “Not enoughguests” while other time slots were blank. The park’s web-site states you can enter, leave, and return all day as long asyou entered during the allotted two hour time slot. TIP:Don’t do this, unless you come back after 5 pm. Be pre-pared to come into the park and stay for your visit. Packyour lunch, beverages, sunscreen, clothing and supplies, so you do not need to exit and reenter unless

absolutely necessary. Coming, going, and coming back creates more congestion at the entrances and that’s a goatrope no one needs. Yes, I said goat rope. It fits.I hope this helps. Normally I would spend more space

advising about road alerts, animal viewing, trails, andmaintaining safe distances between you and wildlife, i.e.safety before selfies. I’ve also reminded people to leaveyour dogs, drones and marijuana at home. Remember thatyour fourth grader can still apply for a free family pass atwww.everykidinapark.gov. Now my animal tip for you is tobe very, very aware. For 2.5 months, the wildlife has hadfree range and got used to not having humans, buses, or

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cars around. Morebears have been outand about, and largeand small animals haveused the vacant, nowpopulated trails. Theyneed some time to adjust too. Give them alot of space. No food,just space. The shuttlesare only allowing 15riders per bus so expect wait time toclimb on board. Theentry permit does not guarantee a parkingspot. Pack your patience and a mask,and be kind to the employees and volunteers. The park isdoing more with less,under ever changingguidelines. They arecurrently working withfewer employees andvolunteers than in previous years. For thefirst time in decades,volunteers no longerreceive a free annual pass for their efforts in providingthousands of hours to help the park and assist visitors.Rocky is now the third most visited park in the US, withover 4.6 million visitors entering last year. Almost one million people visitedRMNP park last July. The new entrysystem has its complications, benefitsand pitfalls. I worry about the impact itwill have on inclusivity of visitor diversity and other demographics.Time and reporting will tell. The ratings for the system have rangedfrom a full five stars for limiting overcrowding and improving the visitor’s experience to “This is bull (fillin the blank)!” I fully appreciate howTim Mosier ended his article for theEstes Park Trail Gazette, “I think onething everyone can agree on when itcomes to the awe-inspiring park thatsits in our backyard is we would ratherhave it open with restrictions and reservations than to miss out on itsbeauty entirely.”

Happy safe trails, everyone!

By Chris D’Angelo High Country News June 15, 2020

Ahead of the elections, two senators champion the Landand Water Conservation Fund, showing the political

power of public lands.This story was originally published by HuffPost and is reproduced here through the Climate Desk partnership.Public lands activists and a handful of lawmakers have

long pushed for full, permanent funding of the Land andWater Conservation Fund, a federal program established in1964 that uses offshore oil and gas revenues to establishand protect parks, wildlife refuges, forests and wildlifehabitat.But anti-federal-land conservatives, appalled at the

thought of more money being used to expand and improvethe federal estate, have always stood in the way. The program has been funded at the full $900 million allowedby law only twice in its history.Now two vulnerable Republicans are among those

championing a bipartisan conservation bill that would permanently and fully fund the LWCF, as well as allocate$9.5 billion to address the mounting maintenance backlogat America’s national parks. Sens. Steve Daines, R-Mont.,and Cory Gardner, R-Colo., co-sponsors of the bill, are

claiming credit for the win after the bill advanced by an 80-17 vote in June. “We are on the cusp of passing the most historic

conservation legislation in 50 years,” Daines said during anews conference on Capitol Hill. “And isn’t it ironic that itwill take public lands to bring a divided government and adivided nation together.”In March, Daines and Gardner announced they had

secured an about-face from our current President, a long-time foe of the LWCF who has worked to weaken safeguards for nearly 35 million federal acres. The administration’s budget proposal for 2020 called for all buteliminating funding for the LWCF, from $156 million downto just $7.6 million. During a meeting at the White Housein February, Gardner told the President that passing a public lands bill would be the biggest conservation winsince President Theodore Roosevelt established nationalparks, refuges and forests across the country in the early1900s, The New York Times reported recently. InvokingRoosevelt was apparently all it took to get the president tochange his stance. The Interior Department has said it iscreating “a conservation stewardship legacy second only toTeddy Roosevelt;” a bold claim that simply does not matchreality. The President has not been shy about who he thinksshould get credit for this moment.“I am calling on Congress to send me a Bill that fully and

permanently funds the LWCF and restores our NationalParks,” he wrote in a March post to Twitter. “When I sign itinto law, it will be HISTORIC for our beautiful publiclands. Thanks to @SenCoryGardner and@SteveDaines, twoGREAT Conservative Leaders!” It’s a message he and histeam are sure to push between now and November.Both Daines and Gardner are relatively new to the fight

to protect the LWCF, and neither have particularly notableenvironmental records - earning lifetime scores from theLeague of Conservation Voters of 6% and 11%. Gardner,while a member of the House of Representatives in 2011,voted in favor of an amendment to an appropriations billthat would have drastically cut the LWCF’s already lowfunding. In 2015, Daines voted

PAGE 14 July 2020

Highlander Conservation

Two Vulnerable Senators Flip On Bill

(Continued on page 16.)

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Highlander Conservation against reauthorizing the program. And in June 2018, hoursafter participating in a press conference calling for full andpermanent LWCF funding, they both voted in favor of aspending cuts package that, among other things, wouldhave slashed $16 million inLWCF funds from the U.S.Forest Service.Environmentalists and

public lands advocates haveapplauded the two lawmakers’ recent work onthe LWCF and embracedthe opportunity to securepermanent program funding, but it’s hard not tosee this newfound supportas little more than a gift totwo Senate allies facingtough bids for reelection.Daines is facing Montana’sDemocratic governor and former 2020 presidential candidate Steve Bullock, and Gardner is likely to squareoff against former Colorado governor and 2020 presidentialcontender John Hickenlooper. Roll Call named Gardner themost vulnerable Republican senator in 2020.“It is a desperate attempt to convince their constituents

that they aren’t working on behalf of corporations and that they care about what the American people care about,” said Jayson O’Neill, director of public lands watchdog groupWestern Values Project.

The oil and gas sectorhas been a top-five contributing industry toboth Daines and Gardnerover their careers, according to Center for Responsive Politics data.“The fact is we workedlong and hard with localconservation groups andpublic land enthusiastsaround the country to buildsupport where it never existed before.”In a speech on the Senate

floor, Sen. John Tester (D-Mont.) called the LWCF “the most important conservation tool we have at the federal level” and a keydriver of Montana’s outdoor recreation economy. “Thesevictories did not happen magically overnight,” he said.“The fact is we worked long and hard with local conservation groups and public land enthusiasts around thecountry to build support where it never existed before. Andour years of work finally broke the dam earlier this yearwhen the President and Sen. McConnell reversed their opposition to this legislation because of overwhelming bipartisan momentum that we built on the ground. I welcome their change of heart.”Sen. Tom Udall, D-N.M., another longtime champion of

the LWCF, told HuffPost that many people were surprisedby the sudden reversal. “But I say let’s seize this opportunity - this is a historic chance to realize the visionof the LWCF, and we should take it,” he said in an email.Udall added that the LWCF was a bipartisan creation - hisfather, former Interior Secretary Stewart Udall, played alarge role in establishing the program - and he’s excited to

720-212-1875

The Rocky Mountains from the Flathead Nat’l Forest in Montana,which is one of hundreds of projects around the country funded by theLand & Water Conservation Fund.U.S.F.S. N. Region / CC via Flickr

July 2020 PAGE 17

see bipartisan support for it so many years later.“There will be a time and a place for politics and

campaigning soon enough,” he said. “We will keep havingthe conversation about the administration’s unending attacks on conservation, our public lands and the environment more broadly. But right now, let’s just get thisdone for the American people.”Record vs. rhetoric -Efforts to boost fossil fuel extraction,mining and other development have dominated this administration’s public lands policy, often to the detrimentof conservation. The administration has led the largest rollback of national monuments in U.S. history, carving outmore than 2 million acres from a pair of protected nationalmonuments in Utah, and opening a 5,000-square-mile marine sanctuary off the East Coast to commercial fishing.It has weakened key conservation laws that protect land,water and air, including the Endangered Species Act andthe National Environmental Policy Act. And it has repeatedly hosted anti-federal-land advocates and eventapped fierce critics of federal land management for powerful government posts.Supporting this President and his anti-conservation

agenda at seemingly every turn have been Gardner andDaines. Daines even signaled he’d back William PerryPendley, the acting director of the Bureau of Land Management who has extreme anti-environmental viewsand spent his career lobbying for the sale of federal lands,if the President were to officially nominate him for thepost. Gardner has so far avoided taking a stand on Pendley,but touted his relationship with the President and his ownrole in the administration’s controversial decision to moveBLM headquarters to Colorado.“These things happen because the current President and I

work together for Colorado,” Gardner said at a rally in February in Colorado Springs.Protecting public lands and maintaining them under

federal control has proven to be a winning platform inWestern states. Likewise, the LWCF is extremely popular -74% of Americans support fully funding the program, according to a 2018 poll by the National Wildlife Federation.

Daines and Gardner appear to have realized that theyneed a conservation victory to point to going into the 2020election. It remains to be seen if this will give them theboost they need to secure another term.Jessica Goad, deputy director of Conservation Colorado,

said she is “thrilled” about the public lands bill and Gardner and Daines deserve credit. But she stressed thatenvironmental leadership requires far more than supportingthe LWCF, noting that Gardner has yet to back the Colorado Outdoor Recreation and Economy Act, or COREAct, which would protect approximately 400,000 acres ofpublic land in the state. An analysis by her group last yearfound that Gardner has voted against the environment 85%of the time since he became a senator.“Colorado voters are really smart,” Goad said. “They are

well-informed on the environment, and I think passingLWCF is just the start for voters.”In an interview with E&E News, a spokeswoman for

Gardner’s campaign accused Democrats of being “more interested in playing politics than protecting public lands”and of attempting to “distract from the fact that Gardner accomplished something they failed to do for decades.”

Chris D’Angelo is a reporter for HuffPost, based in Washington, D.C.

Highlander Conservation

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Animals & Their Companions

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July 2020 PAGE 19

Animals & Their Companions

Previous page top left: Josie from Lisa.

Top right : Denise’s boys in New Zealand.

Middle left: Butters from Lisa.

This page middle left: Arabians from Diana Cantey.Bottom right: Heather with Dillon Ray and mini’s.

Send in Your photos to

[email protected]

July 2020

From Jim Plane - State Farm InsuranceRising temperatures and glorious sunny days make

summer an ideal season for getting work done around thehouse. Whether you’re cooling off indoors or working onone of your many projects, take the time to perform somesimple, routine home maintenance. You’ll have a saferhome if you catch problems and wear-and-tear before theybecome hazards.

Keeping cool insideCeiling fans provide an energy-efficient way of

circulating cool air. Dust them if needed and balance anywobbly blades by tightening loose screws. For additionalenergy efficiency, check windows and doors for air leaksand seal with weather stripping or caulk as needed.

Home exterior care and landscapingTake advantage of the warm weather and wash the outsideof your windows and clean the siding. While it might betempting to use a pressure washer, a garden hose is best toavoid potentially damaging the exterior of your home.Apply a coat of fresh paint if needed, and repair any damaged vinyl or aluminum siding.Be aware of termites while you’re outside inspecting your

home. Termites can easily go undetected until significantdamage has been done. Look for telltale signs like flaking

wood or mud buildup and tunneling systems in the exteriorwood of your home. Professional pest control inspectionsare recommended if you have any suspicions of possible infestation.Well-tended landscaping and a trim and tidy house are as

welcoming to guests as the smells of a barbeque. Gardenbeds look their best when mulched and weeded. Summerannuals can be induced to produce more flowers and bloomlonger when you deadhead them. Removing spent flowersalso prevents the plant from going to seed. Check gardenplants, trees, and shrubs for insect infestations. Unhealthyplants should be removed so that others may thrive.Any plants should be watered in the morning to allow thewater to soak through the soil throughout the day in orderto completely nourish their root systems. Trees provideshady ambience and should be well cared for to avoid potential damage to your home. Keep their branches prunedand at a safe distance from your home to avoid storm-related damage. Inspect trees for signs of decay, such ascracks or hollowed limbs, and keep branches clear of yourhome and power lines. Arborists or tree care professionalscan assist with the cutting and removal of large or highlimbs.Also, before planting additional trees and shrubs in youryard, take into consideration the plant’s size when matureand whether or not roots might intrude upon undergroundpipes or paved surfaces such as sidewalks and driveways.

Garage upkeepHazardous materials such as paint and solvents should be

disposed of properly. Don’t store heat-sensitive or combustible materials in the garage, as the temperature willbe rising throughout the season. Inspect the floor for greasespots from leaking car fluids, and have your car servicedpromptly if you find any.If you have children, instruct them not to go in the garage

unaccompanied. Store your hand tools and power tools behind a lock and key. Fertilizers, weed-killers, and pesticides should be stored out of a child’s reach or behinda locked cabinet. You might also consider organic gardening, which employs nontoxic alternatives to thesepoisonous chemicals.

Driveways and walkwaysInspect the pavement for cracks and holes, and remedy

them. This goes a long way in preventing accidental slips,trips, and falls. It also works to avoid larger repairs orresurfacing in the future. If you see weeds popping up between cracks in the pavement, resist the urge to pull themup. You’ll remove the upper part of the weed, but the rootsystem will remain intact and new growth will returnwithin a few weeks. For a cost-effective solution, boilwater in a kettle, carefully carry the kettle outside, and pourthe water on any weeds to kill them off for the season.

Summer Maintenance For Your HomeHighlander Tips

From CSU

Climate change and the aridification ofNorth America

Discussions of drought often center on the lack of precipitation. But among climate scientists, the focus isshifting to include the growing role that warming temperatures are playing as potent drivers of greater aridityand drought intensification.Increasing aridity is already a clear trend across the

western United States, where human-caused climate warming is contributing to declining river flows, drier soils,widespread tree death, stressed agricultural crops, catastrophic wildfires and protracted droughts, according tothe authors of a Commentary article online published May 19 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.At the same time, such anthropogenic warming is alsodriving increased aridity eastward across North America,with no end in sight, according to climate scientists BradleyUdall of Colorado State University and Jonathan Overpeckof the University of Michigan.“The impact of warming on the West’s river flows, soils,

and forests is now unequivocal,” write Udall, senior waterand climate scientist at the Colorado Water Center, andOverpeck, dean of the University of Michigan School forEnvironment and Sustainability. “There is a clear longer-term trend toward greater aridification, a trend thatonly climate action can stop.”The Commentary article responds to a PNAS paper,

published May 11 by Justin T. Martin of the U.S. Geological Survey and his colleagues, that showed howwarming is causing streamflow declines in the northernRocky Mountains, including the nation’s largest river basin,the Missouri.The Martin et al. study used tree-ring records to analyze

the 2000-2010 Upper Missouri River Basin drought andconcluded that “recent warming aligns with increasingdrought severities that rival or exceed any estimated overthe last 12 centuries.”The study details the mechanisms of temperature-driven

streamflow declines, and it “places more focus on how anthropogenic climate warming is progressively increasingthe risk of hot drought and more arid conditions across anexpanding swath of the United States,” according to Udalland Overpeck.The Martin et al. study also highlights the way

temperature-driven aridity in the West is typically framedin terms of episodic drought. Many water and land managers, as well as the general public, implicitly assumethat when returning rains and snowfall break a longdrought, arid conditions will also fade away.But that’s a faulty assumption, one that ignores mounting

evidence all around us, according to Udall and Overpeck.Emissions guarantee continued warming“Anthropogenic climate change calls this assumption into

question because we now know

July 2020

Highlander Issues

Beingthereis whyI’m here.

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July 2020

with high confidence that continued emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere guarantees continuedwarming, and that this continued warming makes morewidespread, prolonged and severe dry spells and droughtsalmost a sure bet,” they write.“Greater aridity is redefining the West in many ways, and

the costs to human and natural systems will only increaseas we let the warming continue,” Udall and Overpeckwrite.Anticipated impacts in the Upper Missouri River Basinmirror changes already occurring in the Southwest, wherethe trend toward warming-driven aridification is clearest.Rivers in the Southwest provide the only large, sustainablewater supply for more than 40 million people, yet flows

have declined significantly since the late 20th century. Declining flows in the region’s two most important rivers,the Colorado and the Rio Grande, have been attributed inpart to increasing temperatures caused by human activities,most notably the burning of fossil fuels.Multiple processes tied to warming are likely implicated

in the observed aridification of the West, according to Udalland Overpeck. For starters, warmer air can hold more watervapor, and this thirsty air draws moisture from water bodiesand land surfaces through evaporation and evapotranspiration – further drying soils, stressing plantsand reducing streamflow.

Frequency of dry spells to increaseBut the atmosphere’s increased capacity to hold water

vapor also boosts the potential for precipitation; rain andsnow amounts are, in fact, rising in many regions of theUnited States outside the Southwest. However, the frequency and intensity of dry spells and droughts are expected to increase across much of the continent in coming decades, even if average annual precipitation levelsrise, according to Udall and Overpeck.“Perhaps most troubling is the growing co-occurrence of

hot and dry summer conditions, and the likely expansion,absent climate change action, of these hot-dry extremes allthe way to the East Coast of North America, north deep intoCanada, and south into Mexico,” they write.“Other parts of North America likely won’t see the

widespread aridification and decadal to multi-decadaldroughts of the West, but will nonetheless continue to seemore frequent and severe arid events – extreme dry spells,flash droughts and interannual droughts will become part ofthe new normal,” according to Udall and Overpeck.“Unfortunately, climate change and this aridification are

likely irreversible on human time scales, so the sooneremissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere arehalted, the sooner the aridification of North America willstop getting worse.”Editor’s Note: Recent increase in telecommuting could beone answer if this trend is continued for those that can workfrom home. Be part of the solution to help solve this.

Highlander Issues

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July 2020 PAGE 23

July 2020

Highlander Issues

By Peter Rice May 7, 2020 High Country News

Advocates fear they’re a stopgap solution thatcould become permanent.

At Camp Hope, a formal encampment located in LasCruces, New Mexico, people

experiencing homelessness havea safe place to pitch their tent,

protected from the wind and rainby three-sided sheds.

Paul Ratje/High Country NewsLast year, Jose Morales found

himself homeless, sleeping behind a Walmart in Las Cruces,New Mexico. The former machine operator and occasionallandscaper had lost his housingin Anthony, a small town that straddles the Texas-NewMexico border. Needing a place to set up camp, he selected the site

behind Walmart so he could keep a low profile while beingclose enough to ask for help if he needed it. “I was lookingfor a place to feel safe,” he said. One day, after stopping at the nearby El Caldito soup

kitchen for a meal, Morales heard about a possible opportunity for improved shelter: Camp Hope. A formalized encampment for people experiencing homelessness, the facility is run by the Mesilla ValleyCommunity of Hope, a nonprofit that provides an array ofhousing, case management and other social service programs for the local homeless population. After a briefintake process, Morales secured a campsite on the sprawling campus at the southern edge of town. Camp Hope is about an acre in size and consists of a few

dozen campsites spaced out in neat rows. Most of the tentsare set up inside individual shed-like structures that helpkeep out the wind and rain. There’s an on-site kitchen, running water and bathrooms. For someone in Morales’

situation, being at Camp Hope was a big improvement. He also feels much safer than he did behind the Walmart.

He no longer has to worry about being discovered or harassed by landowners or police. At regular meetings, heand his fellow residents hash out rules. At Camp Hope,

those includeprohibitions onopen fires andsmoking insidetents. The encampment isfenced, andMorales participates in24-hour security patrolsaround it. “It’s a nice

place for the next step.”Theft is not unheard of, but Morales feels comfortable

leaving his tent and his bicycle to work temporary jobs intown during the day. He’s received help with acquiring adriver’s license and is looking forward to one day getting apermanent job and home. Formalized encampments like this are popping up in

other cities around the West. Aberdeen and Olympia, Washington, have set up new encampments in recent years,and Spokane and Durango, Colorado, are also thinkingabout transitional living options. The benefits are clear: It’sa quick, cost-effective way for cities to provide a safe andsanitary alternative housing option for people experiencinghomelessness. Still, housing advocates worry that it’smerely a Band-Aid, taping over a much larger societalproblem. Worse, they fear it diverts political capital awayfrom the search for a lasting solution.THE HOMELESSNESS CRISIS HAS overwhelmed the

West. States like Washington, Oregon, Nevada and California are dealing with large homeless populations; anestimated 150,000 people live without permanent housing

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in California alone. Addiction, mental illness, rising rentsand limited shelter beds all push a slice of that populationto seek refuge outside. People have to sleep somewhere,after all, but laws generally prohibit camping on either public or private property. With no official authorization,those in need improvise shelters wherever they can — usually in parks, along trails, in alleys or under bridges, butsometimes even in front yards or parking lots.For municipal or county leaders under pressure to do

something about the situation, officially sanctioned encampments offer key selling points. Trash removal andsanitation are easy to handle at a central location. Stafferscan be posted to help with security and the developmentand enforcement of camp rules. And, assuming a local government has some vacant land or a spare parking lot,camps can be assembled in a matter of weeks. If need be,they are easy to break down and move. “It’s not like buying a building or leasing a building,

where you’re kind of stuck,” said Colin DeForrest, thehomeless response coordinator for Olympia, Washington.There, officials set up an encampment with potable water,waste disposal, perimeter fencing and an on-site host towatch over the 115 tent sites. Another advantage for political leaders: Camps are cheap. Between staff and supplies, DeForrest said, his facility costs about $250,000per year to operate. (The city is looking to boost on-siteservices, which would double that price.) In Las Cruces,Nicole Martinez, executive director of the Mesilla ValleyCommunity of Hope, said she spends $12,000 per year onsupplies and insurance for Camp Hope, plus the cost of onefull-time staffer. Compare that to Albuquerque, where voters passed a measure last fall allocating $14 million forthe construction of a new 300-bed emergency shelter,which should be completed in 2021-22.Formal camps solve some of the

other logistical challenges involved inserving a sprawling homeless population. It’s easier to help people ifthey’re all at one location; CampHope, for example, offers nearby assistance with food, job opportunitiesand permanent housing. FOR THOSE IN FAVOR of these

encampments, the success of Moralesand other camp residents who havefound some stability is a proof of concept. People like DeForrest seehomelessness as an immediate publichealth issue that requires quick action.“It’s mitigating human suffering andhealth and safety concerns,” he said. “I would definitely recommend it toany city.” “I hate to think of it as a permanent

solution, but it is. We don’t see it going away.” David Dollahon, the assistant city manager of Las Cruces,considers the camp a success even though he is not comfortable with the idea of people living outside on along-term basis. But advocates like Jenny Metzler, the executive director

of Albuquerque Healthcare for the Homeless, see that verypermanence as the problem. For Metzler, homelessness is not a hopelessly

complicated and intractable issue. Rather, it’s a simpleshortage of places to live. She believes that society has achoice: It can either pursue limited temporary solutions,such as shelters and camps, or it can attempt to solve theproblem in a more permanent way, by offering housingvouchers for regular apartments and building more affordable housing. Metzler has good things to say about Camp Hope. Still,

she doesn’t see encampments as helping with the largerproblem. She worries that they divert attention away fromthe ultimate goal: permanent housing. “Herding people into a camp doesn’t address the issue of

homelessness,” Metzler said. “Ideally and ultimately andvery possibly, housing would be the solution.” Peter Rice has reported for newspapers and public radiostations in Washington, Oregon, Colorado, and New Mexico. He is the founder and editor of Downtown

Albuquerque News, a digital startup.

Note: This story was supported by the Solutions Journalism Network, a nonprofit organization dedicated to

rigorous and compelling reporting about responses to social problems.

July 2020 PAGE 25

Highlander Issues

July 2020

Field Season Draws to a CloseIt has been another intense field season here at Buffalo

Field Campaign. At the start, we had so many fresh newfaces, returning volunteers, and our dedicated staff of coordinators. For a few months it was eerily quiet in thefield, with no buffalo migrating into Montana. By late-February and March, the buffalo were on the move and inharm’s way, while the threat of a virus hit us almost at thesame time. We were left with all staff and one volunteer. Ithas been just ten of us here for the last few months. It is atestament to the strength of our community, and to the giftsthat wild buffalo bring, that we have made it through cherishing and respecting each other. We truly are blessed here being able

to basically carry on as usual, goinginto the field every day to monitor andstand with the buffalo. To be on thiswild landscape and embrace all of thewonders she has to offer. And now, bitby bit, some of us are migrating tosummer pastures. Although it is almost the end of the season, buffaloremain in Montana’s Hebgen Basinand we continue to run daily andnightly patrols. Likely, the buffalofamilies with their brand new calveswill remain until their babies arestrong enough to make the trek back towards their summerpastures inside Yellowstone National Park, where soon allbuffalo families will reunite for the awesome event of therutting season.The other day we had quite the encounter with a couple

of massive bulls. These bulls were on a power line trailwithin the National Forest, but were making their way towards the highway. One of the bulls was totally fired upand acting as if the rutting season was already upon us. Hewas kicking up dust, battling small lodgepole, kicking hishind legs out, rolling in the dust, and just full of himself.When these bulls got near the highway, we put up signs forthem, but they were on the move. The feisty bull was prettyunique; his coat was a deep red, he was very dark. Unlikeany color I have ever seen in a bull. The females traditionally vary in color, from chocolatey brown, toblond, to red. But, the bulls are usually fairly uniform intheir colors. This bull was red. And he was on fire! We sawhim take out at least three little lodgepole trees, and he wasnone too pleased with the traffic rolling by or stopping toget photos of him. It was clear he wanted to get away fromthe highway, but his buddy was strolling along unfazed,and he wanted to be with him more than to leave the road.In the end, they both finally made their way off the high-way and up Duck Creek Road and east towards the park.

Thinking back to all the many years we have witnessedthese buffalo suffer at the hands of the Montana Department of Livestock and supporting agencies, with allof their cowboys, law enforcement, and helicopter engaging in a veritable war on this wild community, thosememories are still very fresh in our hearts and minds. Dueto those bygone days, we and the buffalo have our ownforms of PTSD to battle. And yet we have gained so muchsuccess. There is peace upon the landscape. Aside from afew hazes, and a few other incidents, spring in the HebgenBasin is full of peace and quiet.

Getting to see these family groupswith all the brand new babies, justdoing what buffalo do is a literal dreamcome true. We may have a long way togo, but we have already come very far.That is thanks to you and your love andsupport of the buffalo and our campaignto defend them.

Buffalo calves are the absolute rewardfor all of our efforts. Photo by Stephany Seay, Buffalo FieldCampaign.

Our 23rd field season comes to aclose. The buffalo who remain in Montana are slowly making their own way back to summer pastures in Yellowstone National Park. As long as they are in Montana,patrols will continue to monitor them. In our spare time,we’re putting in our garden so that we can become moreself sustainable. At this elevation (6,600+ feet) our growingseason is short, so eventually we’ll set up a green house. We are also currently working on our annual newsletter

and have just finalized our 2021 calendar. We also havesome new merchandise that buffalo lovers will love. Check it out at our website (see above on header). We are also looking forward to hopefully doing a little bit

of summer outreach later in the season, if things calmdown. Tabling inside the Park is out for this year, but thereare other options open. If you are interested contact our summer coordinator at

[email protected] or call 406-646-0070. We give thanks to you for the honor ofstanding with and advocating for the buffalo, and we vowto be here for as long as it takes until wild buffalo roamfreely all over the lands that are their birthright.WILD IS THE WAY ~ ROAM FREE!

ACTION STEPS to help stop hazing and slaughtercan be accessed at our website above in header.

Update: BuffaloFieldCamgaign.orgHighlander Wildlife

July 2020 PAGE 27

Dear EarthTalk:What are some ways environmentalistsuse civil disobedience to accomplish their goals?

Robert P., Portland, ORThe concept of civil disobedience (defined by Merriam-

Webster as the “refusal to obey laws as a way of forcing thegovernment to do or change something”) dates back to thedawn of civil society. Mahatma Gandhi and Martin LutherKing Jr. are primary examples of non-violent resistorsusing civil disobedience as a tool to achieve their goals. Ofcourse, environmental proponents have been practicing civil disobedience in various forms fordecades if not longer. After all, proto-environmentHenry David Thoreau wrote his seminal essay on thetopic in 1846 after spending the night in jail for refusing to pay his back taxes. He feared the moneywould go toward funding the Mexican-AmericanWar, which he opposed, by a U.S. government thatalso happened to permit slavery, which he also opposed. “If a thousand men were not to pay their tax billsthis year, that would not be a violent and bloody measure,as it would be to pay them, and enable the State to commit violence and shed innocent blood,” wrote Thoreau. “Thisis, in fact, the definition of a peaceable revolution, if any

such is possible.”While not an environmental essay per se, Thoreau’s Civil

Disobedience makes the case for nonviolent resistance as“a counter friction to stop the machine.” While democracymight be the best form of government we can hope for, thedominance of the majority inevitably leads to the trampling

on the hopes, dreams and rights of the minority. InThoreau’s mind, individuals shouldn’t let governmentsdoing the will of an amoral or immoral majority overruletheir own consciences and thus enlist them as collaboratorsin injustice. Even though its focus is more general, Thoreau’s Civil

Disobedience has certainly fueled many an environmentalcampaign in the intervening years. Cut to the present, andwe have Extinction Rebellion (XR), a two-year-old UK-

born movement that uses non-violent civil disobedience “inan attempt to halt mass extinction and minimize the risk ofsocial collapse.” Activists working on behalf of XR’s causehave been in the news lately for various “monkeywrench-ing” antics, such as supergluing themselves to infrastruc-ture like roads, trains and buildings and attempting to shutdown oil rigs and airports. Last Spring the group broughttraffic in parts of London to a halt for hours by parking ahot pink sailboat in the middle of a busy intersection, whileactivists threw black paint at the

Civil Disobedience ~ DeforestationHighlander Environmental


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July 2020

Highlander Environmental London headquarters of Shell Oil and blockaded entry tothe company’s corporate headquarters. Dear EarthTalk: How are we doing in the battle to stop orslow deforestation, especially in the tropics where forestsstore so much of the world’s biodiversity?

— M. Lark, Neptune, IAIn short, not so good. Global Forest Watch, a project of

the non-profit World Resources Institute (WRI) which usessatellite data to track global forest loss, found that theworld lost some 3.8 million hectares of tropical primaryforest (defined as forests of native trees undisturbed byhuman activities) in 2019—equivalent to one soccer fieldevery six seconds and an area about the size of Switzerlandin total. One particularly nasty side effect of all this forestloss is the release of more than two billion tons of carbon

dioxide, the leading greenhouse gas, into the atmosphereas the trees came down in 2019. (To put that into context,this is more emissions than caused by all of the vehicles onthe road in the United States during the same 12-monthstretch.) The tropical primary forest loss in 2019 is thethird highest amount in recorded history, behind only 2016and 2017.While deforestation is an issue everywhere, it is particularly problematic in the tropics where the majorityof the world’s biodiversity lives. Another leading conservation group, WWF, points out that some 17% ofthe forest across the Amazon has been cut down over thelast 50 years, mostly to make room for cattle ranching—sowe can enjoy our steaks and burgers. The group warns thatif nothing is done to stop it, some of the world’s mosticonic and biologically diverse forest landscapes could belost to deforestation, including primary habitat for iconicwildlife species like orangutans, tigers and elephants.“The hot spots are located in the Amazon, the Atlantic

Forest and Gran Chaco, Borneo, the Cerrado, Choco-Darien, the Congo Basin, East Africa, Eastern Australia,Greater Mekong, New Guinea, and Sumatra,” reportsWWF. “Up to 420 million acres of forest could be lost between 2010 and 2030 in these ‘deforestation fronts’ ifcurrent trends continue.” Brazil suffered the largest totalprimary forest loss of all in 2019, with deforestation foragriculture and other new land uses increasing rapidlythrough that country’s vast stretches of Amazon rainforest.

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By Melinda MyersYou plant and tend your garden hoping to enjoy a bountiful harvest and beautiful blooms. Despite properplanning and planting, insects can move inand wreak havoc on your garden. The goodnews is you can manage problem pests without harming the pollinators that are so important to your garden.Start by reviewing the care your plants need

to thrive. Make sure you are watering thoroughly and only when needed. Considermulching the soil with shredded leaves, evergreen needlesor other organic material to conserve moisture, moderatesoil temperature, suppress weeds and improve the soil asthey decompose.Only fertilize if needed. Over fertilization, especially

with high nitrogen and fast release products, can stimulatelush, succulent growth that is more susceptible to insectdamage. Let your plants, not the fertilizer label, be yourguide. Pale plants and those not performing as expectedmay need a nutrient boost. Consider a low nitrogen, slowrelease fertilizer that won’t stimulate lush, succulent growthor damage the plants when the weather is hot and dry.Tolerate a bit of damage and wait for the songbirds and

beneficial insects, like lady beetles and green lacewings,manage these pests for you. If the damage is more than youcan tolerate, consider using an eco-friendly control product.One you may not be familiar with is lightweight

horticulture oil, like the OMRI-certified Summit Year-Round® Spray Oil (YRSO). This can be applied to gardenplants during the growing season to manage insects such as

aphids, mites, adelgids, scale, leafhoppers and whiteflies.Horticultural oils have been used for many years becausethey are low risk and effective against a variety of pests.

Horticulture oils kill insects by blocking theair holes through which they breathe. Thismakes them effective against all stages of theinsect’s development from egg through adult.The oil must contact the insect to be effective.If a beneficial insect lands on a treated plant, itwill not be injured. Avoid treating plants whenbees and other beneficial insects are present,

so you do not accidently spray them with the oil. YRSOhorticulture oil (SummitResponsibleSolutions.com) canalso help reduce the incidence and spread of aphid-transmitted viruses. It interferes with insect feeding whichhelps reduce the transmission of the virus by the insect.Lightweight horticulture oils have a minimal waiting

period between the last application and harvest. Alwayscheck the label before using any product whether organic,natural or synthetic. You will find valuable information onthe label, including application rates and directions to helpyou attain the best results.You may also find some added benefits when reviewingthe label. Horticulture oils can help in managing powderymildew on plants like beebalm, phlox, peonies and cucumbers. Some can be applied when plants are dormantto smother and kill overwintering mites and aphids as wellas egg masses of pests like the gypsy moth.Monitor your garden throughout the summer. You will

enjoy watching your plants grow, make timely harvests anddiscover insect pests when the populations are small.

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By Anastasia Selby High Country News June 15, 2020

Permanently investing in firefighters would improve thehealth of employees and the landscapes we protect.

When I began working as a hotshot firefighter for theForest Service in 2001, I was hired as a part-time, temporary worker. At the time, over half the crew wasmade up of part-time employees. Today, the Forest Serviceemploys approximately 10,000 wildland firefighters, butstill less than half of them are permanent full-time workers.When the Forest Service was formed in the early 20th century, it had only a handful of forest rangers. If a firebroke out, men were pulled out of saloons and other publicplaces to fight it. Since then, the agency has ballooned insize, and its wildland firefighting has changed dramatically.Much of the weight of firefighting now falls on the shoulders of the Forest Service. The agency already helpsmanage 500 million acres of land, but it’s also called inwhenever fires get big enough to require national support.Half its annual budget is spent on wildfires, with spendingincreasing exponentially even as the agency’s overall

budget remains nearly static. This spending eats into otherForest Service responsibilities, such as fuel managementand mitigation, maintenance, and the tending of forest andgrassland health. The unpredictable nature of wildfires, longer fire seasons,

and increased development of housing and communities infire-prone areas makes predicting a yearly budget a complex and sometimes impossible task. Shifting towardsa full-time force is a move in the right direction. It can increase firefighter security and stability, and improve thehealth of our forests and grasslands, as well as help containthe volatile fire seasons we’ve seen in recent years. Addingmore permanent firefighters to the roster would have several effects, all of them far-reaching and significant. Themost obvious would be the year-round staffing of crews,which currently operate on a seasonal basis. Less obvious are the ways in which this shift could

change the fundamental culture of wildland firefighting.Many firefighters travel far from their home base duringthe winter, and there’s a high turnover rate, with manyleaving the profession altogether after only a couple of

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July 2020 PAGE 31

Los Padres National Forest firefighter Jameson Springerwatches a controlled burn on the so-called “Rough Fire”in the Sequoia National Forest, California, on August 21,2015. In California, suffering its worst drought on record,

about 2,500 people were forced to flee camps east ofFresno at Hume Lake as the Rough Fire crossed Highway 180, officials said. Max Whittaker

years. As a seasonal worker, I would have been supportedby full-time work and the benefits that could come with it.Of course, the impact of the long hours would have to be mitigated, but financial security would help. There’s also an ecological intimacy that can be developed

by staying on the forest for the winter. Eliminating the transient nature of seasonal positions could integrally connect firefighters to their local forests, aiding in the development of local fire regimes and strengthening relationships with other local agencies, both governmentand nonprofit. It could also increase employee retention,decrease training costs, and lower the risk of injury ordeath. Imagine, for example, local fire crews working withIndigenous populations and nonprofit groups to improvefire health year-round. Currently, seasonal employees lack access to the main

perks of government employment: health insurance, paidtime off and retirement packages. Access to health care

should be essential for firefighters, and many current seasonal employees would be happy to trade winters off forsteady employment and benefits. Meanwhile, year-roundemployment could help stabilize the Forest Service budget,clear its $5.2 billion maintenance backlog, and, over time,create healthier forests and grasslands, increasing carbonsinks and leading to less destructive wildfires. When I worked as a seasonal firefighter, it felt like my

life was on pause in the winters. I eagerly waited for thestart of fire season. Ironically, that signified stability. If mypeers and I had been employed full-time, we would haveworked better together, gained a deeper understanding ofour local jurisdictions, and had more opportunities fortraining and education. We also would have been insuredand felt more respected as employees. Ultimately, the decision to grant the Forest Service increased funding tosupport more permanent employees could lead to a morepositive outcome, not only for the agency and its employees, but for the ecological systems that are integralto our survival.

Anastasia Selby is currently working on a narrative nonfiction book, HOTSHOT, which describes her time asa wildland firefighter and details the history of forest management and Indigenous land practices in the Western United States. She is based in Seattle.

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Oprah’s visionary for June 2020: The memoirist, novelist,and world traveler.Elizabeth Gilbert’s Eat, Pray, Love, a chronicle of her

post-divorce adventures in Italy, India, and Bali, became aniconic travel memoir not for its incredible scenes, transcendent experiences, and fascinating characters—although it has all of those things—but because the storybegan in a place where many of her readers have foundthemselves: kneeling on the bathroom floor in crisis. Gilbert’s account of making peace with the past and

discovering her more authentic self gave women an example of another kind of hero’s journey, one in which thetreasure at the end of the quest is a more truthful life. Eat,Pray, Love fans have told Gilbert that the book inspiredthem to begin or end romances, to embrace motherhood oreschew it, to change their job or their address or their beliefs. These radical shifts, she says—like any profoundtransformation—don’t necessarily have anything to do withplanes, trains, or automobiles. “I have a painting of Emily Dickinson, who spent much

of her life in her bedroom but still created some of the mostmonumental poetry ever written,” she says. “That paintingreminds me that the answers to my life are not likely to befound out there. The world is an enchanting place, but thereare worlds inside us, too, that are always ready to be unlocked.” In her subsequent books—such as Big Magic, a how-to

for cultivating creative expression, and The Signature ofAll Things, the story of the fictional 19th-century botanistAlma Whittaker—Gilbert has remained an intrepid explorer

of intellectual and emotional terrain. In The Signature ofAll Things, Elizabeth Gilbert returns to fiction, insertingher inimitable voice into an enthralling story of love, adventure and discovery. Spanning much of the eighteenthand nineteenth centuries, the novel follows the fortunes ofthe extraordinary Whittaker family as led by the enterprising Henry Whittaker—a poor-born Englishmanwho makes a great fortune in the South American quininetrade, eventually becoming the richest man in Philadelphia.Born in 1800, Henry’s brilliant daughter, Alma (who inherits both her father’s money and his mind), ultimatelybecomes a botanist of considerable gifts herself. As Alma’sresearch takes her deeper into the mysteries of evolution,she falls in love with a man named Ambrose Pike whomakes incomparable paintings of orchids and who drawsher in the exact opposite direction—into the realm of thespiritual, the divine, and the magical. Alma is a clear-minded scientist; Ambrose a utopian artist—but what unitesthis unlikely couple is a desperate need to understand theworkings of this world and the mechanisms behind all life.Exquisitely researched and told at a galloping pace, The

Signature of All Things soars across the globe—from London to Peru to Philadelphia to Tahiti to Amsterdam, andbeyond. Along the way, the story is peopled with unforgettable characters: missionaries, abolitionists, adventurers, astronomers, sea captains, geniuses, and thequite mad. But most memorable of all, it is the story ofAlma Whittaker, who—born in the Age of Enlightenment,but living well into the Industrial Revolution—bears witness to that extraordinary moment in human history

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Highlander Observationwhen all the old assumptions about science, religion, commerce, and class were exploding into dangerous newideas. Written in the bold, questing spirit of that singulartime, Gilbert’s wise, deep, and spellbinding tale is certain to capture thehearts and minds of readers.She’s also spent the past few years navigating challenging personal territory,caring for and then grieving her partner,Rayya Elias, who died of cancer in January 2018. “I can’t live without her,so I don’t,” Gilbert says. “Sometimes Imake a recording into my phone and justtalk to her. The fact that the message isbeing recorded makes me feel like she’sreceiving it.” Despite Gilbert’s trademark blend of

lightness and earnestness, common senseand magical realism, she says her equanimity doesn’t come easily. “I need adose of courage every day, because I’mfrightened every day. There will alwaysbe a nervous little person inside me. Butif there’s a creative project I’m afraid to attempt, a truth Ineed to tell, or a painful new reality I must face, I ask myself: ‘What’s the alternative?’”

Questions for Elizabeth Gilbert: 1. What’s your no-fail,go-for-it motivational song? A: “Get Up Offa That Thing”by James Brown. When James Brown tells you to get up,

you’d best get up. 2. What’s most important for your mental health? A: Every day I write myself a letter fromlove—divine, unconditional love. I askfor advice, and love always gives mekind answers, which I write down as theycome to me. Even in my darkest hours,love has always shown up, saying, “I’mright here. I’ve got you. You’re neveralone.” 3. What is the physical challengethat scares you most? A: Anything thatinvolves getting in the path of powerfulocean waves. 4. What’s the one mysterythat you’d most love to solve? A: Howmuch control do we humans have overour behavior and personality? Can wechange our nature, or are we all justvictims of our brain chemistry, genetics,hormones, and upbringing? 5. Who’syour hero? A: Sister Mary Scullion of

Project HOME in Philadelphia—a wonderful Catholic nunwho has devoted her life to providing housing, education,medical care, and dignity to homeless people in her nativecity.

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Highlander Ad Index & Business Telephone Numbers

ADVERTISING

Graphics Galore pg 32 303.642.0362

Highlander Monthly pg 33 303.642.0362

ANIMAL CARE

Angels w/Paws-Cat Rescue pg 29 303.274.2264

Cheshire Cat - Catios 303.642.0362

Hands, Hoofs & Paws pg 9 303.503.6068

ART

The Silver Horse - pg 17 303.279.6313

The Rustic Moose - pg 17 303.258.3225

AUTOMOBILE

Carl’s Corner pg 10 303.642.7144

Kysar’s Place pg 22 303.582.3566

Mountain Muffler pg 23 303.278.2043

BUILDING/CONSTRUCTION

ACE Indian Peaks Hardware pg 14 303.258.3132

Arrow Drilling-pg 28 303.421.8766

Caribou Painting pg 12 303.641.7964

Grate Contracting pg 15 303.579.9519

Meyer Hardware pg 3 303.279.3393

Mountain Home CO pg 8 303.618.9619

Peter Palombo, Surveyor-pg 22 720.849.7509

RedPoint Construction pg 22 303.642.3691

Steel Structures America ins cov 970.420.7100

BUSINESS SERVICES

Graphics Galore pg 32 303.642.0362

Karen Schwimmer, CPA pg 14 303.642.0628

Wondervu Consulting Serv. pg 30 303.642.0433

CHIMNEY SWEEPS

Chimney Service of CO pg 31 720.515.0416

MidTown Chimney pg 29 303.670.7785

CIGARS

Foss Company pg 5 303.963.5693

CLOTHING


COMPUTER SERVICE & REPAIR

Wondervu Consulting Serv. pg 30 303.642.0433

DRIVEWAYS/ GRADING SERVICES

B & H Asphalt Paving ins frt cov 303.810.0531

Benchmark Land Care pg 13 303.485.1001

Rock Creek Civil, LLC pg 27 720.583.4555

ELECTRIC

United Power - Inside back Cover 303.642.7921

ENTERTAINMENT

KGNU Radio 303.449.4885

ENVIRONMENTAL

TEG - tegcolorado.org pg 22

FARRIER

Forbes Farrier Service pg 31 303.642.7437

FIREWOOD & FOREST MANAGEMENT

CO Tree Specialists pg 6 303.835.7540

High Timber Mtn Tree Serv. pg 25 303.258.7942

Lumber Jacks - pg 16 720.212.1875

Pruins Pruning/Tree Care pg 12 303.653.7967


GIFTS



Nature Photography Notecards pg 23

GROCERIES

B & F Moutain Market pg 7 303.258.3105

Golden Farmer’s Market pg 16

Nederland Farmer’s Market pg 20

HEALTH & FITNESS

Hands, Hoofs & Paws pg 9 303.503.6068

HEATING

Agfinity pg 23 1.970.454.4081

Resolution Energy pg 10 303.887.2884

HOME IMPROVEMENT


B & H Asphalt Paving ins frt cov 303.810.0531

Benchmark Land Care pg 13 303.485.1001

Caribou Painting pg 12 303.641.7964

Colorado Water Wizard pg 17 303.447.0789

Grate Contracting pg 15 303.579.9519



Pruins Pruning/Tree Care pg 12 303.653.7967

Redpoint Construction pg 22 303.642.3691


HORSE BOARDING

Rudolph Ranch, Inc. pg 10 303.582.5230

HORSE TRAINING

Timberline Sporthorses pg 32 720.999.7235

INSURANCE

Jim Plane-State Farm- pg 21 720.890.5916

LIQUOR

Foss Company pg 5 303.963.5693

Mid-County Liquors pg 6 303.642.7686

Underground Liquor pg 27 303.582.6034

MUSIC LESSONS

Piano & Harp in CCC pg 9 303.642.8423

PROPANE

Agfinity pg 23 1.970.454.4081

Carl’s Corner pg 10 303.642.7144

REAL ESTATE

Byers-Sellers Mtn Properties pg 11 303.642.7951

Mock Realty-Kathy Keating -Back cov 303.642.1133


RETAIL


B & F Moutain Market pg 7 303.258.3105




REVERSE MORTGAGES

Universal Lending Corp. pg 8 303.791.4786

ROOFING

Independence Roofing pg 3 720.399.0355

STEEL STRUCTURESSteel Structures America ins cov 970.420.7100

TAXES

Karen Schwimmer, CPA pg 14 303.642.0628

WATER & WELL

Arrow Drilling pg 28 303.421.8766

Colorado Water Wizard pg 17 303.447.0789

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