HIV NotesHIV Notes

HIV particles (grey) covering a white blood cell.

HIV HistoryHIV History• HIV is thought to have entered into humans

somewhere between 1914 and 1940.

• In 1983, a retrovirus, now called human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), had been identified as the cause of AIDS.

• The HIV antibody test has be used to screen all blood supplies in the U.S. since 1985.

• People receiving blood or blood products before 1985 may have been infected.

AIDSAIDSAAcquired cquired IImmune mmune DDeficiency eficiency

SSyndromeyndrome• The immune crippling disease caused The immune crippling disease caused

by the by the HIV virusHIV virus in which the body in which the body becomes unable to protect itself becomes unable to protect itself against any secondary infections.against any secondary infections.

• HIV-HIV-HHuman uman IImmunodeficiency mmunodeficiency VVirusirus• HIV infects the immune system cell HIV infects the immune system cell

called the called the Helper T cellsHelper T cells (-most (-most important white blood cell involved in important white blood cell involved in identifying infections.)identifying infections.)

Body Fluids with High Body Fluids with High Concentrations of HIVConcentrations of HIV

BloodBloodSemen/Vaginal fluids (as high as blood)Semen/Vaginal fluids (as high as blood)Breast milkBreast milkPus from soresPus from sores

Low concentrations of HIVLow concentrations of HIV

It is highly unlikely you will be infected if It is highly unlikely you will be infected if you come into contact with:you come into contact with:

SweatSweatTearsTearsUrineUrineSaliva (-highly possible if blood from Saliva (-highly possible if blood from

mouth sores is present)mouth sores is present)

How is HIV Spread?How is HIV Spread?ANY type of sexual activity (highest risk)ANY type of sexual activity (highest risk)Sharing used drug needlesSharing used drug needlesPregnancy-from mother to childPregnancy-from mother to childSharing razors- if blood is presentSharing razors- if blood is presentKissing- if even the smallest amount of Kissing- if even the smallest amount of

blood is present. (-membranes of mouth blood is present. (-membranes of mouth are thin enough for HIV to enter straight are thin enough for HIV to enter straight into the body.)into the body.)

Tattoos/body piercing if equipment is not Tattoos/body piercing if equipment is not clean.clean.

How is HIV not spread?How is HIV not spread?

Shaking handsShaking handsHuggingHuggingSwimming poolsSwimming poolsToilet seatsToilet seats Insect bitesInsect bitesDonating bloodDonating blood

Can HIV be cured?Can HIV be cured?

NO!NO! Drugs are available to manage the Drugs are available to manage the disease, but HIV stays in the body forever!disease, but HIV stays in the body forever!

PROBLEMPROBLEM: RNA viruses mutate at a very : RNA viruses mutate at a very high rate. A person with HIV under control high rate. A person with HIV under control can evolve resistance to the drug can evolve resistance to the drug treatments.treatments.

Some infected persons have several Some infected persons have several strains of HIV in their bodies.strains of HIV in their bodies.

What does HIV look like?What does HIV look like? Initial infection-Initial infection- flu like symptoms a few flu like symptoms a few

weeks after infection.weeks after infection.Stage 1-HIV positive with no symptoms-Stage 1-HIV positive with no symptoms-

can stay at this stage for up to 10 years, can stay at this stage for up to 10 years, but still can pass on the virus.but still can pass on the virus.

Stage 2-HIV positive with symptoms-Stage 2-HIV positive with symptoms- at at this point the person is said to have this point the person is said to have AIDSAIDS. . Symptoms include: Symptoms include: swollen glands, chronic diarrhea, loss of swollen glands, chronic diarrhea, loss of

weight and appetite, fever, fatigue, skin weight and appetite, fever, fatigue, skin rashes (lesions), night sweats, oral thrush. rashes (lesions), night sweats, oral thrush. Life expectancy: 2 to 5 years.Life expectancy: 2 to 5 years.

Death and AIDSDeath and AIDS

Stage III-Full blown AIDS-Stage III-Full blown AIDS-Person dies of rare Person dies of rare opportunistic infectionsopportunistic infections

that take advantage the weakened immune that take advantage the weakened immune system:system:

Person dies in a matter of months.Person dies in a matter of months.AIDS related illnesses include rare cancers AIDS related illnesses include rare cancers

and Pneumonia.and Pneumonia.

Stages of HIV InfectionStages of HIV Infection

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