Hitler’s plans WORKSHEET 3 - Exploring Modern Western ... · PDF file36 AQA GCSE MODERN...

© Hodder Education AQA GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY THIRD EDITION TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK 35

WORKSHEET 3.1

Section 1We have now looked at events in Germany and examined what the new leader, Hitler, may have in mind.The evidence available for this has been . . .

Section 2Taken at face value, some of Hitler’s statements are worrying. In eastern Europe he plans . . .

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As far as western Europe is concerned . . .

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He also says a lot about the Treaty of Versailles . . .

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Section 3There are doubts about how serious Hitler is, and whether our evidence is totally reliable . . .

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Section 4The British must consider their policies carefully. On the one hand, as a member of the League, Britain must . . .

which means . . .

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On the other hand, a strong Communist government in the USSR means . . .

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Use this sheet to help you to write your briefing paper for the Activity on page 40.

Hitler’s plans

AQA GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY THIRD EDITION TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK © Hodder Education36

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Use these cards to help you sort out and memorise the key events of the 1930s.

Steps to war: sorting cardsWORKSHEET 3.3

Hitler announces conscription to build up anarmy of 750,000. Britain, France and Italydo nothing but say they will act if he carrieson with rearmament

Germany makes Non-Aggression Pactwith Poland. A surprise move givenGermany’s hostility to, and territorialclaims on, Poland

German army moves into Austria and is well-received

Hitler announces he has an air force

German remilitarisation of the Rhineland Hitler tries to take over Austria but isprevented by Mussolini

German takeover of Czechoslovakia Invasion of Poland by Germany

Germany withdraws from DisarmamentConference and the League of Nations

Munich Crisis

Anti-Comintern Pact Anglo-German naval agreement limiting sizeof German navy to 35% of Britain’s. Not onlydoes this break the terms of the Treaty ofVersailles, it also undermines the StresaFront that Britain and France had set up withItaly

Nazi–Soviet Pact

Size of Hitler’s steps to war

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

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Analysing a political cartoonUse this sheet to help you with question 1 on page 47.

Study the cartoon below very carefully. Annotate the important features in the numbered boxes and then, underneath the cartoon, explain the main message the cartoonist is trying to convey.

Cartoon analysis – the AnschlussWORKSHEET 3.5

The cartoonist’s main message is that

The date is probably

The cartoonist shows that his attitude to Hitler is

because

1 This character is Hitler dressed as a

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________________________________

2 This sign suggests that whatHitler is doing is

____________________________

____________________________

5 Mussolini’s attitudeis

__________________

__________________

__________________

__________________

4 This line tells usthat

__________________

__________________

__________________

__________________

3 The animal Hitlerhas killed represents

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__________________

__________________

__________________

6 This gesturesuggests that

__________________

__________________

__________________

__________________

7 The mountains suggest theSouth Tyrol. This is significantbecause

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____________________________


Use this sheet to help you with the Activity on page 49.

1 Read the reasons for Appeasement on page 48. Classify these under the headings in the diagram below. If you think there are some that do not fit under the four headings you will need to invent your own fifth category.

2 Once you have classified all the reasons, score each category out of 10 depending on how important it was. You can revisit your score after you have found out more about Appeasement.

Reasons why Britain followed a policy ofAppeasementWORKSHEET 3.6

Military reasons

Mark /10

Economic reasons

Mark /10

Fear

Mark /10

Public opinion

Mark /10

Why Appeasement?


Use this sheet to help you with the Activity on page 52.

Write your diary extracts in the table below.

Munich diariesWORKSHEET 3.7

Date Event(s) Chamberlain’s view Hitler’s view Beneš’s view Ordinary citizen’sview

March 1938 AnschlussbetweenGermany andAustria

May 1938 Nazis inSudetenlandstir up troubleand ask forunion withGermany

15 September Chamberlainflies to meetHitler

19 September French andBritish puttheir plans toBeneš

22/23September

Hitlerincreases hisdemands

29 September MunichAgreement

1 October Germantroops entertheSudetenland


WORKSHEET 3.8Use this sheet to help you with the Activity on page 53. Next to each headline you write, note down what type of newspaper it could havecome from. Remember, this is the day after the Munich Agreement.

Your choice might include:• pro- and anti-British newspapers• a neutral American newspaper• a German newspaper• a Czech newspaper• a Polish newspaper.

Headline news, 30 September 1938

Choose one of the headlines and write a short newspaper article developing your views on the Munich Agreement, using quotations fromSources 11, 12 and 15.


Hitler made no secret of his hatred of Communism and his desire to expand to the east. In August 1939 he said, ‘Everything I undertake is directed against Russia.’ Why, then, on 23 August did he sign the Non-Aggression Pact with Stalin which so shocked the world?

Below is a list of statements that historians have included in their explanations. They are deliberately placed on cards in random order.Your task is to use the information on the cards to build up your own explanation as to why Hitler took this unlikely step. You will thendiscuss your views with other groups before looking at what your textbook suggests.

Explanation builder: The Nazi–Soviet PactWORKSHEET 3.9

Hitler wanted thecity of Danzig inPoland. By dividingPoland with Russiahe could achievethis

Hitler wanted thebreathing space heneeded to attackPoland, where hewould find oilreserves

Hitler wanted to joinGerman EastPrussia to the restof Germany

Signing a pact withthe Soviet Unionsuggested that hewas not ready totake on Stalin

Stalin had tried toget Britain andFrance to make analliance with himagainst Hitler butthey had refused

Stalin knew thatBritain and Francecould not be trustedto stand up to Hitler.He rememberedwhat happened toCzechoslovakia, sohe had to act alone

It bought Stalin timeto build up hisforces inpreparation for afuture attack byHitler

Stalin saw all thewestern states,whetherdemocracies ordictatorships, aspotential enemies ofthe Soviet Union.Hitler was no worsethan the others

Stalin felt that Britainand France mayhave had a secretpurpose: to bringabout a warbetween NaziGermany andCommunist SovietUnion

Stalin thought thatBritain and Francewere actuallyencouraging theGermans to invadein the east, so hehad to stop Hitlersomehow

Two months earlierStalin had sackedhis foreign ministerwho was friendly toBritain and France

Hitler promisedStalin vast areas ofterritory in easternEurope if he stayedneutral

Stalin knew that itwould only be ashort-livedagreement


Who or what?

Identify which person, country or organisation is described in each bubble.

Who was responsible for the Second WorldWar?WORKSHEET 3.10

1 He has beenjudged harshly by

history for encouragingHitler to carry onmaking demands.

2 He broke his promises, so he must be

to blame.

3 It gave way to Japan and Italy,which encouragedHitler’s aggression.

4 This country’sleaders were just as

much to blame asBritain’s. Neither

country was willing tostand up to Hitler.

5 He wasdetermined to change

Europe in terms ofspace and race, andmaybe he could nothave been stopped.

6 They were badlyaffected by the

worldwide depressionand concentrated ontheir own interests.

7 They were seen assecond-rate politicianswho were out of theirdepth and were easily

fooled by Hitler.

8 His actionsin the 1930s

pushed Europe to war.

9 This was a policyof giving in to what wereconsidered Hitler’s just

demands.

10 It causedproblems almost

immediately after the FirstWorld War, because its

terms were inconsistentlyapplied and considered to

be unfair.

11 If she had not signed a pact with Germany in August 1939 …

12 If it had been a stronger peace keepingorganisation …

13 They gave way to Hitler as in theRhineland in 1936

and the Sudetenland in 1938.

14 Both stood back in 1939, allowing

Hitler to invade Poland.

15 She suffered fromdeep divisions between

left- and right-wing partieswhich stopped her

government from standingup to Hitler.

16 This helped increasesupport for the Nazi party, kept

the USA out of Europe andweakened the economies of Britainand France, thereby reducing the

amount they spent onarmaments.


WORKSHEET 3.11AUse this writing frame to help you with the Focus Task on page 61.

This writing frame encourages you to think about the relative importance of the different factors.

Why had international peace collapsed by1939?

Paragraph 1: (This is the place to explain howresentment against the VersaillesTreaty brought Hitler to power inthe first place and guided hisactions in the 1930s.)

Paragraph 2: (Here you should explain how thefailure of the League encouragedHitler and made him think hecould achieve his aims.)

Paragraph 3: (Here you should explain how theDepression was an underlyingcause of the failure of the League,Japan’s aggression and Hitler’srise to power.)

Paragraph 4:(Here you should briefly describewhat Appeasement was, and howinstead of stopping Hitler itencouraged him. You could alsopoint out the links betweenAppeasement and theDepression.)

Paragraph 5:(Here you should explain how theNazi–Soviet Pact led to theinvasion of Poland and how that inturn led to war. You could alsopoint out that these short-termfactors probably could not havehappened if there had not been apolicy of Appeasement.)

Paragraph 6:(Here you should indicate whichfactor(s) you think were mostimportant. This is where youshould bring in any of the factorsyou discussed in stage 4 of theFocus Task.)

There were important long-term factors which help to explain why war brokeout in 1939. One factor was the Versailles Treaty. It was importantbecause …

The failure of the League of Nations in the 1930s also contributed towardsthe outbreak of war. This was because …

Economic factors also played an important role. The worldwide economicDepression …

Another factor which helps to explain the outbreak of war was the policy ofAppeasement. Appeasement …

There were also key short-term factors which actually sparked off the war.One of these was …

All of these factors played important roles. However, [INSERT YOUR CHOICEOF FACTOR(S)] was / were particularly important because …


WORKSHEET 3.11BUse this writing frame to help you with the Focus task on page 61.

This writing frame focuses on describing how the various causes led to war.

How did international peace collapse in the1930s?

Paragraph 1:(Explain how and why Hitlerwas pledged to reverse theTreaty of Versailles and toincrease German territory.)

Paragraph 2:(Explain how the failure of the League of Nations inManchuria and in Abyssiniamade it easier for Hitler toachieve his objectives.)

Paragraph 3:(Explain how the policy ofAppeasement allowed Hitlerto get away with this. Explainalso why Britain and Francefollowed this policy ofAppeasement.)

Paragraph 4:(Explain how the Nazi–SovietPact helped Hitler and Stalin.)

Paragraph 5:(Explain how the invasion ofPoland led to war in Europe.)

Paragraph 6:(Reach your own conclusionabout the importance of thevarious causes.)

When Hitler came to power in Germany in 1933 . . .

In the 1930s there were two incidents that really tested the League of Nations . . .

In 1936 Hitler began his policy of reclaiming lost German territory . . .

In 1939 Hitler made an agreement with Stalin . . .

When Hitler invaded Poland in 1939, Britain and France . . .

Although it was Hitler’s actions which led to war, many other factors wereimportant in making the war happen . . .

Hitler’s plans WORKSHEET 3 - Exploring Modern Western ... · PDF file36 AQA GCSE MODERN...

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