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 Adolf Hitler

He was born in 1889

Dreamed of being an artist

Left school at 16

At 18, went to Vienna to make his living

Failed to gain admission to ViennaAcademy of Fine Arts

 Next 5 years lived on charity

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Years of Misery

Shaped his thoughts

Hitler became influenced by writings of

Karl Laager, the Mayor of Vienna

Karl was anti-Semitic

Hitler developed a deep hatred for the

Communists and the Jews

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Honours in WW I

Hitler served a corporal in the German army

Hitler was honoured for his bravery

German surrender brought him pain

He cried!

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His anguish

“So it had all been in vain. In vain all the

sacrifices. In vain the hours in which, with

mortal fear clutching at our hearts we didour duty. In vain the death of two millions.

Had they died for this, so that a gang of

wretched criminals could lay hands on thefatherland?” 

  Mein Kampf, Adolf Hitler

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Political Career

In 1920 he joined the National SocialistGerman Workers' Party (NSDAP), better

known as the Nazi Party  Hitler's political propaganda and

 promotions gave him mass support

He was especially with the urban bourgeoisie

 In 1921, Hitler became the Party Chairman

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Failure of Munich Putsch

When the Munich Putsch failed, Hitler was

 placed in jail

He used his trial to gain nationwide

attention for his cause.

Hitler served nine months of his 5-year

sentence in prison, where he wrote thefamous Mein Kampf

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Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

“Should the Jew, with the aid of his Marxist

creed, triumph over the people of this

world, his crown will be the funeral wreathof mankind, and this planet will orbit

through space without any human life on its

surface as it did millions of years ago.” 

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Rise in reputation

Failure of Putsch made Hitler realised thathe had to obtain power through the polls

Re-organised the NSDAP Nazi used moderate means to gain political

support

Held meetings, rallies, marches Used books, the newspapers, radio to spread

their ideas (p. 106)

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Depression hit Germany

Germany found herself in deep trouble

Weimar Republic was not up to the task

Even Weimar politicians began to show

their lack of faith in democracy

Hindenburg, the President did not believe

that the Reichstag could solve the problem

of Germany

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Failure of Weimar Govt

Hindenburg began to rule by presidential decree –  a form of dictatorship

Between 1930 –  1932, there were 3 elections andseveral changes of government

1n the 1930 elections, there was a shift in popularity to the extremist parties

The Communists secured 77 seats, up from 54  Nazis, down to 12 seats before the election,

secured 107 seats

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Increasing popularity

In 1932, Hitler stood for presidential elections

He came in second only to Hindenburg

In the Reichstag elections of same year, Nazisincreased their vote to 37% of votes cast

They obtained 230 seats

Became the biggest single party in the Reichstag  

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Hitler could have been

stopped If the other parties had united against him

But the Socialists and the Communists could not

work together 1933, Chancellor Franz von Paten, leader of a

group of right-wing politicians made an alliancewith Hitler

Persuaded Hindenburg to appoint Hitler asChancellor

Von Papen would be Vice-Chancellor

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Von Papen’s naievity 

He thought he could control Hitler

He failed

Feb 1933, Hitler called for new elections, to take place in March

Goering by now was in charge of two-thirds of the police forces in GERMANY

He recruited 50,000 „extras‟ from SA  Opponents were beaten up, and their meetings

disrupted

Feb 27th the Reichstag building burned down

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1933 Elections

The Nazis now had 233 seats

But that was still not an overall majority

To make changes to Constitution, Hitlerneeded a two-thirds majority

So the Nazis joined up with the Nationalists

who secured 53 seats With 286 out of 500 seats, Hitler had gained

control of Germany at last