Histroical EventsHistroical Events

Seven Years’ War (1756-1763)Seven Years’ War (1756-1763)The EnlightenmentThe EnlightenmentReign of Frederick the Great of Reign of Frederick the Great of

Prussia (1740-1786)Prussia (1740-1786)Reign of George II of England (1760-Reign of George II of England (1760-

1820)1820)American Revolution (1775-1783)American Revolution (1775-1783)French Revolution (1789-1794)French Revolution (1789-1794)

Wolfgang Amadeus Wolfgang Amadeus MozartMozart

BirthBirth

born Salzburg, 27 January 1756born Salzburg, 27 January 1756Son of Leopold MozartSon of Leopold MozartWas the oldest son of the familyWas the oldest son of the familyGrew up with one sister named Maria Grew up with one sister named Maria

AnnaAnna

LifeLife

He began with music He began with music at an early ageat an early age

He started at the He started at the age of 5 composing age of 5 composing songssongs

At age 6, Mozart At age 6, Mozart performed for the performed for the Bavarian elector and Bavarian elector and Austrian empressAustrian empress

LifeLife

In 1763 Leopold wanted to expose In 1763 Leopold wanted to expose his children’s talents to the his children’s talents to the EuropeansEuropeans

The Mozart Family toured all over The Mozart Family toured all over Europe performing in France and Europe performing in France and England England

Where Mozart played for French and Where Mozart played for French and English royaltiesEnglish royalties

LifeLife

In 1770 to 1773, Mozart visit Italy In 1770 to 1773, Mozart visit Italy about three times about three times

There he composed and performed There he composed and performed two of his operas (Mitridate and Lucio two of his operas (Mitridate and Lucio Silla) in MilanSilla) in Milan

LifeLife

In the summer of 1773, returning to In the summer of 1773, returning to Vienna, Mozart wrote a set of string Vienna, Mozart wrote a set of string quartetsquartets

On his return, Mozart wrote a group On his return, Mozart wrote a group of symphonies including nos. 25 in g of symphonies including nos. 25 in g Minor and 29 in AMinor and 29 in A

In 1777, Leopold wanted his son to In 1777, Leopold wanted his son to receive a position in the courts receive a position in the courts

LifeLife

Therefore, Leopold sent Mozart and Therefore, Leopold sent Mozart and his mother to Munich and Mannheim his mother to Munich and Mannheim looking for a court position.looking for a court position.

When there was none, Mozart was When there was none, Mozart was sent to Parissent to Paris

There he created Paris symphony There he created Paris symphony nos. 31nos. 31

LifeLife

Later Mozart returned to Vienna Later Mozart returned to Vienna where in 1779-1780, Mozart where in 1779-1780, Mozart composed many sacred works, composed many sacred works, symphonies, concertos, serenades, symphonies, concertos, serenades, and dramatic music.and dramatic music.

In 1782, Mozart married Constanze In 1782, Mozart married Constanze Weber: Aloysia’s sister (who Mozart Weber: Aloysia’s sister (who Mozart was very fond of at one point)was very fond of at one point)

ReputationReputation

In his earlier years, Mozart built his In his earlier years, Mozart built his reputation by publishing his works, playing reputation by publishing his works, playing the piano, and composing operas like Die the piano, and composing operas like Die Entfuhrung aus dem Serail.Entfuhrung aus dem Serail.

In the same time, Mozart also created a six In the same time, Mozart also created a six string quartet which was dedicated to string quartet which was dedicated to HaydnHaydn

Haydn told Leopold that Mozart was “the Haydn told Leopold that Mozart was “the greatest composer known to me in person greatest composer known to me in person or by name; he has taste, and what is more, or by name; he has taste, and what is more, the greatest knowledge of composition”.the greatest knowledge of composition”.

LifeLife

In 1782, Mozart wanted to appear more In 1782, Mozart wanted to appear more as a composer/soloistas a composer/soloist

He ended up composing/performing 15 He ended up composing/performing 15 piano concertos before the end of 1786piano concertos before the end of 1786

Mozart lived in Vienna for the rest of his Mozart lived in Vienna for the rest of his lifelife

Occasionally going on a journey to Occasionally going on a journey to Prague to perform his opera La Prague to perform his opera La clemenza di Tito in 1791 and back to clemenza di Tito in 1791 and back to Vienna.Vienna.

DeathDeath

Mozart died in Vienna, 5 December Mozart died in Vienna, 5 December 1791 1791

Supposedly he was poisoned (not Supposedly he was poisoned (not true)true)

Mozart actually died because of a Mozart actually died because of a feverish illnessfeverish illness

Mozart was buried in a Vienna suburbMozart was buried in a Vienna suburb

Franz Joseph Franz Joseph HaydnHaydn

BirthBirth

born Rohrau, 31 March 1732born Rohrau, 31 March 1732Son of a wheelwrightSon of a wheelwrighthe grew up with sixteen brothers and he grew up with sixteen brothers and

sisterssistersHaydn was the second child of the Haydn was the second child of the

familyfamily

Life Life

Haydn’s musical abilities happened earlyHaydn’s musical abilities happened early When he was six years old, Haydn was When he was six years old, Haydn was

sent away to Hainberg to study music, sent away to Hainberg to study music, more in singing.more in singing.

When Haydn was eight, Georg Reutter (the When Haydn was eight, Georg Reutter (the Kapellmeister of St. Stephen’s Cathedral in Kapellmeister of St. Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna) arranged for Haydn to become a Vienna) arranged for Haydn to become a chorister.chorister.

In the spring of 1740, Haydn moved to In the spring of 1740, Haydn moved to Vienna where he basically stayed the rest Vienna where he basically stayed the rest of his life.of his life.

LifeLife

Haydn was trained as a choirboy in Haydn was trained as a choirboy in Vienna during the years from 1740 to Vienna during the years from 1740 to 1750.1750.

He then worked as a “freelance” He then worked as a “freelance” musician, playing the violin and musician, playing the violin and keyboard instruments.keyboard instruments.

In his earlier years, Haydn wrote In his earlier years, Haydn wrote instrumental music like symphonies instrumental music like symphonies and other pieces for concerts that and other pieces for concerts that were held twice a week.were held twice a week.

ReputationReputation In 1780, Haydn’s In 1780, Haydn’s

reputation had begun to flyreputation had begun to fly He wrote lots of piano He wrote lots of piano

sonatas, piano trios, sonatas, piano trios, symphonies, and string symphonies, and string quartets.quartets.

His influential op.33 His influential op.33 quartets (published in quartets (published in 1782) were said to be “in a 1782) were said to be “in a quite new, special quite new, special manner”.manner”.

Other works that pushed Other works that pushed his reputation included his reputation included concertos and notturnosconcertos and notturnos

LifeLife

In 1791 to 1792, Haydn was invited In 1791 to 1792, Haydn was invited to go to London by J.P.Salomonto go to London by J.P.Salomon

There Haydn composed/performed There Haydn composed/performed his last 12 symphonieshis last 12 symphonies

When in London, Haydn performed When in London, Haydn performed for the English royal familyfor the English royal family

In 1792, Haydn went back to ViennaIn 1792, Haydn went back to Vienna

LifeLife During his time, Haydn During his time, Haydn

composed his most composed his most important work “The important work “The Creation” in which his Creation” in which his joy in man, beast, joy in man, beast, nature, and his nature, and his gratitude to God for his gratitude to God for his creation made his creation made his oratorio enjoyable.oratorio enjoyable.

It was then followed by It was then followed by “The Seasons” where it “The Seasons” where it was similar to the “The was similar to the “The Creation” except it was Creation” except it was more in a series of more in a series of episodes than a whole.episodes than a whole.

DeathDeath

Haydn died in Vienna, 31 May 1809Haydn died in Vienna, 31 May 1809 Haydn was 77 years old when he diedHaydn was 77 years old when he died He was widely remembered even when He was widely remembered even when

Beethoven came into the picture after himBeethoven came into the picture after him Haydn was regarded as the father of the Haydn was regarded as the father of the

symphony and the string quartetsymphony and the string quartet He brought to symphonies and string He brought to symphonies and string

quartets a new intellectual weight quartets a new intellectual weight His closely “argued” style of development His closely “argued” style of development

laid a foundation for other composers such laid a foundation for other composers such as Beethoven.as Beethoven.

DeathDeath

After his death, Haydn had become After his death, Haydn had become an inspiration for younger an inspiration for younger generations and for those who were generations and for those who were considered unmusical.considered unmusical.

Haydn was buried in the Bergkirchein Haydn was buried in the Bergkirchein EisenstadtEisenstadt

Characteristics

•Often short, repeated passages of two, three, or four measures•Passages were accompanied by simple harmonies

•Noble simplicity•Balance•Perfection

•Periodicity- frequent resting points break melodic flow into segments that relate to each other•Period- two or more phrases concluded by a cadence

Alberti bassAlberti bass

Used in keyboard musicUsed in keyboard musicNamed after Italian composer Named after Italian composer

Domenico AlbertiDomenico AlbertiDevice broke each of the underlying Device broke each of the underlying

chords into a simple repeated chords into a simple repeated pattern of short notes that added to pattern of short notes that added to the background and set an the background and set an advantage for the melodyadvantage for the melody

Opera

•Opera buffa- comic opera•Six or more singing characters•Sang throughout •Captured lives of the elite

•Dramma giocoso- jesting drama•Dramma comico- comic drama•Commedia per musica- comedy in music

•Intermezzo• performed as two or three segments between acts of a serious opera or play•Gave comic relief