History Surgery
-
Upload
florinscribd -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
0
Transcript of History Surgery
![Page 1: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 1/77
The History of Surgery: The History of Surgery:A brief account of how an
esteemed art and science came tobe what it is today.
![Page 2: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 2/77
![Page 3: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 3/77
![Page 4: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 4/77
Chirurgery =
Latin, chirurgia, from theGreek, cheir = hand and
ergon = work…
anglicized to Surgery.
![Page 5: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 5/77
Abul Qasim Khalafibn al-Abbas al-Zahrawi
or Albucalsis (993- 1064)
• Shoulder dislocation
• Arterial ligation
• Hereditary nature ofhemophilia
• Dental devices
• Ectopic pregnancy (lethal)
• Inspection of the uterus, ear,throat
![Page 6: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 6/77
![Page 7: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 7/77
DominiqueLarrey
“Studiedmedicine and
then trained insurgery…”
Napoleon’sSurgeon-in-Chief
by 1805.
![Page 8: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 8/77
“There is nomore science
in surgery
than inbutchering,”- Lord Thurlow
Parliamentary debate on the
establishment of a Royal College ofSurgeons in 1811
![Page 9: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 9/77
John Collins Warren
1778- 1856
16 October 184616 October 1846
Massachusetts HospitalMassachusetts Hospital
BostonBoston
![Page 10: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 10/77
Manassas, Virginia July 21, 1861
![Page 11: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 11/77
![Page 12: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 12/77
![Page 13: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 13/77
FranceFrance
18641864
Scotland 1869Scotland 1869
![Page 14: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 14/77
Lord Joseph Lister
1827-1912
Scotland 1869Scotland 1869
antisepsis, asepsisantisepsis, asepsis
and manand man
![Page 15: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 15/77
![Page 16: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 16/77
Glossary of the unfamiliar
in 1870:
•Antibiotics• Sterile field
• Rubber gloves
• Appendicitis
•Bovie
• Transfusion• Anesthesiologist
• NG suction• Chest X-ray
• Endotracheal tube• Cardiac
operations
![Page 17: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 17/77
Rochester, MinnesotaRochester, Minnesota
1864 through 1889:1864 through 1889:
The Rise of the The Rise of theHospitalHospital
![Page 18: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 18/77
![Page 19: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 19/77
Unregulated,
proprietary medicalschools, followed by
occasional
internships,
supplemented with
elective peripateticobservational
education mostly founded on
experiences from
those in need…
![Page 20: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 20/77
Baltimore, Maryland
1889
![Page 21: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 21/77
![Page 22: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 22/77
QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 23: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 23/77
![Page 24: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 24/77
![Page 25: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 25/77
![Page 26: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 26/77
September 23, 1852 to September 7, 1922
![Page 27: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 27/77
The Flexner Report and Reforms1910
![Page 28: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 28/77
![Page 29: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 29/77
![Page 30: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 30/77
1909: Thyroid function and operations1909: Thyroid function and operations
![Page 31: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 31/77
![Page 32: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 32/77
1912: Vascular1912: Vascular anastomosesanastomoses
![Page 33: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 33/77
1921: Toronto
1923: Discovery of insulin
![Page 34: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 34/77
Franklin H. Martin, MD, FACS 1857-1935
“There is no more science in
surgery than in butchering”
![Page 35: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 35/77
Evarts A. Graham
![Page 36: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 36/77
Germany 1929
![Page 37: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 37/77
1956: Cardiac catheterization and circulatory physiology 1956: Cardiac catheterization and circulatory physiology
![Page 38: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 38/77
University of Chicago1941
1966: Specific hormonal influence on cancer cells1966: Specific hormonal influence on cancer cells
![Page 39: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 39/77
Johns Hopkins Hospital
1940
![Page 40: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 40/77
![Page 41: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 41/77
![Page 42: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 42/77
![Page 43: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 43/77
![Page 44: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 44/77
![Page 45: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 45/77
Boston - 1942
![Page 46: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 46/77
![Page 47: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 47/77
![Page 48: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 48/77
![Page 49: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 49/77
• wound management
• antibiotic use
• blood transfusions
• organization of field hospitals
World War IIdemanded
advances in :
![Page 50: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 50/77
Philadelphia
1953
John H. Gibbon
![Page 51: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 51/77
![Page 52: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 52/77
![Page 53: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 53/77
1990: Successful Organ Transplantation1990: Successful Organ Transplantation
C. Rollins Hanlon
Chair at Saint Louis University from 1950 - 1969
![Page 54: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 54/77
St. Louis - 1950
![Page 55: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 55/77
St. Louis - 1969
![Page 56: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 56/77
![Page 57: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 57/77
Denver 1963
![Page 58: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 58/77
California 1961
![Page 59: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 59/77
Houston 1963
Cleveland 1969
![Page 60: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 60/77
Cleveland 1969
Norman Shumway
![Page 61: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 61/77
y
Stanford
Jonathan RhoadsU of Pennsylvania
Stanley Dudrick
U of Pennsylvania
& UT Houston
1970’s to 80’s
![Page 62: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 62/77
From the ancient Inca’s,
![Page 63: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 63/77
through medieval surgery,
andthe application of the art
of surgery…
![Page 64: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 64/77
……toto the marriage of the marriage of sciencescience andand surgery surgery
in the past century in the past century ……
![Page 65: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 65/77
the thrust has beenthe thrust has beenhow we can dohow we can do more more
andand more more ,,
safely and effectively,safely and effectively,
to extend the quantity to extend the quantity and quality of life?and quality of life?
![Page 66: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 66/77
![Page 67: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 67/77
![Page 68: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 68/77
![Page 69: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 69/77
Less can be More
![Page 70: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 70/77
Less can be More
So long as the results are theSo long as the results are the
same or better:same or better:• Shorter hospital stay, earlier return to
work, fewer transfusions• Sometimes lower costs
• Recurrence or cure rate equivalent orbetter
• Complication rate equivalent or better
![Page 71: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 71/77
And that is the story of surgery from the Inca’s to
the present
Now you know
![Page 72: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 72/77
![Page 73: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 73/77
![Page 74: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 74/77
![Page 75: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 75/77
Blalock
![Page 76: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 76/77
![Page 77: History Surgery](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022021215/577d359b1a28ab3a6b90ea4e/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
8/8/2019 History Surgery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-surgery 77/77