History Part 27 27] Advent of the European Notes Notes. They founded the city of Kolkata which ......

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History Part – 27

27] Advent of the European Notes

Notes

The important there trade routes were

Through Afghanisthan , central asia and Caspian sea

Through Persia and Syria

Through Arabian sea , Persian gulf and red sea.

In 1453 the ottoman turks captured Constantinople and troubled the European

merchants by blocking the land route which passes through Afghanisthan.

The other two routes were also closed as a result of Arab conquest in the 8th

century.so the Europeans were forced to find a new sea route to india.

The Portuguese

The Portuguese were the first to discover a new searoute to india.

Prince Henry of Portugal started a school for training seamen on scientific

navigation.He is called as “ Henry The Navigator”.

Bartholomeu Diaz

He was the first sailor from Portugal who set out on his voyage in 1487.



He came upto the southernmost tip of Africa.As there was a storm when he

reached there he named it the cape of storms.Later the Portuguese king

renamed it , The cape of good hope.

In 1498, Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese voyager, became the first European

to discover the sea route to India.

He arrived at Calicut on 27 May 1498 and was given a warm reception by

the Hindu ruler king Zamorin of Calicut.

In 1501 he came to india for the second time and setup a factory at cannore.

Thus the Portuguese established their factories at Calicut , cochin and

cannanore on the west coast of india.

Francisco-de-Almeida (1505-1509A.D.)

He was the First viceroy of the Portuguese in India.

His policy was to increase the Portuguese naval power, this policy of

controlling the settlement by naval force was known as the "Blue Water

Policy".

In 1509 Almeida was defeated and killed by Egyptians.

Alfonso-De-Albuquerque (1509-1515A.D.)

Albuquerque was the second viceroy of the Portuguese in India.

He captured Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur in 1510 and made it the capital.



He strengthen the relationship with the vijayanagar empire.

In 1511 he captured the Malacca and he built the port of ormuz in the

Persian gulf.

He is called the real founder of the portuguese power in india.

He treated muslims well and opened the schools for their education.

The muslims became the enemy of the Portuguese because of their religious

policy.

He encouraged marriages between the Portuguese and the indian women.

He died at goa in 1515.

Decline of The Portuguese Power in India

The successors of Albuquerque were weak

They indulged in piracy against the indian merchants

The portuguese forcibly converts indians to Christianity

The religious policy created enimity of the muslims

The fall of vijayanagar kingdom in the battle of talikotta in 1565 AD

The Dutch

The Dutch people of Holland founded the Dutch East India Company in

1602.



They established their first factory in Masulipatnam (1605), followed by

factories in Pulicat (1610), Surat (1616).

Pazhaverkadu was their capital.

In 1619, they were granted permission by the Mughal emperor Jahangir to

trade at Surat on the west coast and Hoogly in the east.

The Dutch supremacy ended with their defeat at the hands of the English in

the Battle of Bedara in 1759.

In March, 1602, by a charter of the Dutch parliament the Dutch East India

Company was formed with powers to make wars, concluded treaties, acquire

territories and build fortresses.

The Dutch set up factories at Masulipatam (1605), Devapatnam

(1608),Pulicat (1610), Surat (1616), Bimilipatam (1641), Karikal (1645),

Chinsura (1653), Kasimbazar, Baranagore, Patna, Balasore, Negapatam (all

in 1658) and Cochin (1663).

In the 17th century, they supplanted the Portuguese as the most dominant

power in European trade with the East, including India.

Pulicat was their centre in India till 1690, after which Negapatam replaced it.

In the middle of the 17th century (1654) the English began to emerge as a

formidable colonial power.



They made a plan against the English merchants at Amboyna in 1623 which

came to be known as Amboyna massacre.

In 1689 they made Pondicherry as their capital.

After 60-70 years of rivalry with the English, the Dutch power in India

began to decline by the beginning of the 18th century.

Their final collapse came with their defeat by the English in the battle of

Bedera in 1759.

One by one the Dutch lost their settlement to the English and their expulsion

from their possessions in India by the British came in 1795.

The British

In 1600, the English East India Company was established through a charter

signed by Queen Elizabeth I.

In 1608, King James I of England sent Captain William Hawkins to the

court of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir to obtain permission to establish a

factory at Surat, but was denied any trading rights.

In 1619, when Sir Thomas Roe visited the court, they were allowed to set up

their first factory in Surat.

The Francis Da laid the foundation for the modern madras.

In 1639 , Francis Day bought a piece of land from the king of Chandragiri

and laid the foundation for modern madras for a small rent



In 1699 The british got the permission from Aurangazeb to set up factory at

Calcutta.

They founded the city of Kolkata which included the regions of Sutanuti,

Kalikota and Govindpur.

In 1640 the English built Fort St.George to protect their trade.

In 1700, they fortified the factory at Sutanati and named it Fort William

which is in kolkatta.

Charles II the king of England married Catherine the daughter of the king of

Portugal and got Bombay, as a part of dowry.

The French

The French East India Company was established in 1664 by Colbert, the

minister of Louis XIV, the king of France.

They set up their factories at Surat in 1668 and Masulipatnam in 1669.

In 1674 they got a place to the south of Madras from the ruler of Tanjore and

laid the foundation of Pondicherry, which became the headquarters of the

French settlements in India.

In 1690 they established their settlement at Chandranagore and mahe in

1725 and karaikal in 1739

During 1742, the French Governor Dupleix started repulsing English power,

which resulted in the Carnatic wars and eventually the defeat of the French.



The Danish

Denmark also established trade settlements in India. Their settlement

atTranquebar was founded in 1620. Another important Danish settlement in

India was Serampore in Bengal.

Serampore was their headquarters in India. They failed to strengthen

themselves in India and they sold all their settlement in India to the Britishin

1845.

The downfall of the Mughal Empire led to the independence of Deccan

under Nizam-ul-Mulk. The Carnatic region also formed part of the Nizam’s

dominion.

The ruler of the Carnatic accepted the suzerainty of the Nizam.

In 1740, the Austrian War of Succession broke out in Europe. In that war

England and France were in the opposite camps. They came into conflict in

India also.

The French governor of Pondicherry, Dupleix opened attack on the English

in 1746 and thus began the First Carnatic War (1746-1748).

The English sought help from the Nawab of Carnatic, Anwar Uddin. But the

French concluded a treaty with his rival Chanda Sahib.

The English army crushed a defeat on the French in the Battle of Adyar, near

Madras. In the meantime, the Treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle was concluded in



1748 to end the Austrian Succession War. Thus the First Carnatic War came

to an end.

But the English and French continued to take opposite sides in the internal

politics of India.

This had resulted in the Second Carnatic War (1749-1754). Dupleix

supported the cause of Muzafar Jang, who wanted to become the Nizam of

Hyderabad and Chanda Sahib, an aspirant for the throne of Arcot.

The troops of these three defeated Anwar Uddin, who was with the British in

the First Carnatic War, and killed him in the Battle of Ambur in 1749.

After this victory, Muzafar Jung became the Nizam and Chanda Sahib the

Nawab of Arcot. Muhammad Ali, son of Anwar Uddin escaped to

Tiruchirappalli. The English sent troops in support of him.

The British commander Robert Clive captured Arcot. He also inflicted a

severe defeat on the French at Kaveripakkam. Chanda Sahib was captured

and beheaded in Tanjore.

Meanwhile Dupleix was replaced by Godeheu as the French governor. The

war came to an end by the Treaty of Pondicherry in 1754.

The outbreak of the Seven Years War (1756-1763) in Europe led to the

Third Carnatic War (1758-1763).



Count de Lally was the commander of the French troops. The British

General Sir Eyre Coote defeated him at Wandiwash in 1760.

Dupleix

In theyear, Pondicherry was captured and destroyed by the British troops.

The Seven YearsWar came to an end by the Treaty of Paris in1763. The

Third Carnatic War also ended.T

he French agreed to confine its activities in Pondicherry, Karaikkal, Mahe

and Yenam.Thus the Anglo-French rivalry came to a close with British

success and French failure.

Establishment of British Power in Bengal

Bengal remained one of the fertile and wealthy regions of India. The English

ascendancy in Bengal proved to be the basis for the expansion of English

rule in India.

The conflict between the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daula and the English

led to the Battle of Plassey held on 23 June 1757. Robert Clive (hero of arcot

), the Commander of the British troops emerged victorious by defeating the

Nawab’s army.

The easy English victory was due to the treachery of Mir Jafar, the

Commander of Nawab’s army.



The victory of the British in the Battle of Plassey marked the foundation of

the British rule in India.

In 1764, the English once again defeated the combined forces of the Nawab

of Oudh, the Mughal Emperor and the Nawab of Bengal in the Battle of

Buxar.

The English military superiority was decisively established. In 1765, Robert

Clive was appointed as the Governor of Bengal. In the same year, the Treaty

of Allahabad was concluded by which the Mughal Emperor granted the

Diwani rights to the English East India Company. Thus the British power in

India was thoroughly established.

Robert clive Administration

The servants of the English east india company were forbidden to receive any gift

from Indians.They were forbidden to indulge in private trade.He received the

diwani and nizamat rights from the Mughal emperor shah alam II.He set up a fund

known as lord clive’s fund with a view to help poor servants of the

company.Robert clive gave double bhatta to the military officers during the time of

peace.

Keywords

1.Diwani Rights – right to collect land revenue



2.Dastak – Permission for free trade in india

3.Black hole tragedy - british soliders were lodged in a small room.Among 146

prisoners 123 died due to the saffocations.

4.Monopoly – The right solely possessed by an individuals or organization to buy

or sell in a place called monopoly.

Important Persons

1.Anwaruddin – Nawab of Carnatic

2.Siraj-ud-daulah – Nawab of Bengal

3.Robert clive –First british officer , introduced dual government , first governor of

Bengal province

4.Dupleix - Governor general of French

5.Sir Eyre coote – British commander during third Carnatic war

Years and Events

1. 1453 – ottoman turks captured Constantinople

2. 1487 – Bartholomeu made his first voyage

3. 1588 – British defeated the Spanish armada



4. 1600 – English east india company was established

5. 1722- hyder ali born

6. 1757 – Battle of plassey

7. 1742 – Dupleix was appointed as governor general of French

8. 1742 – Battle of madras

9. 1764 – Battle of buxar

10. 1769 – Treaty of madras

Advent Of The Europeans - Questions

1) The trade between india and Europe were through which routes ?

(A) Through Afghanisthan , central asia and Caspian sea

(B) Through Persia and Syria

(C) Through Arabian sea , Persian gulf and red sea

(D) All of these

2) Which of the Following statements is / are correct ?

1) The portuguese were the first to discover a new sea route to india.

2) Prince Henry of Portugal started a school for training seamen on scientific navigation.

3) He is called as “ Henry The Navigator”.

4) Bartholomeu Diaz was the first portuguese to come to india.

(A) 1 and 2



(B) 3 and 4

(C) 4 only

(D) 1 , 2 and 3

3) Who named the southernmost tip of Africa as “ The cape of good hope “ ?

(A) Vascoda gama

(B) Bartholomeu Diaz

(C) Francisco – de - Almeida

(D) Alfonso – De - Albuquerque

4) When did vascoda gama reached india ?

(A) 7th may 1948

(B) 27th

may 1498

(C) 27th may 1988

(D) 10th may 1498

5) Who gave warm reception when vascoda gama reached india ?

(A) Francis

(B) Zamorin

(C) William Hawkins

(D) Anwarudeen

6) Which of the following statements is / are wrong ?

1) Zamorin gave the permission for the Portuguese to trade in india.

2) Portuguese established their factories at Calicut , cochin and cannore on the east coast

of india.

(A) 1 only



(B) 2 only

(C) 1 and 2

(D) None of these

7) Match the following

List –I List – II

1) Bartholomeu Diaz - Calicut

2) Vascodagama - Second Viceroy

3) Francisco -de-almeida - Cape of Storms

4) Alfonso-De-Albuquerque - Blue water policy

(A) 3 1 2 4

(B) 3 1 4 2

(C) 1 2 4 3

(D) 4 2 3 1

8) Who strengthen the Portuguese naval power and master the indian ocean ?

(A) Alfonso-De-Albuquerque

(B) Francisco -de-almeida

(C) Bartholomeu Diaz

(D) Vascoda gama

9) Who made goa as their capital ?

(A) Alfonso-De-Albuquerque

(B) Francisco -de-almeida

(C) Bartholomeu Diaz

(D) Vascoda gama



10) Which of the following statements is wrong about the Alfonso-De-Albuquerque ?

1) He was the first viceroy of Portuguese in india

2) He captured goa from the sultn of bijapur and made it as capital and he conquered the

vijayanagar empire.

3) In 1509 he was killed by Egypts.

4) He Banned the marriages between indian women and Portuguese.

5) Due to the policies implemented by him he gained the support from the muslims.

(A) 1 , 2 and 3

(B) 2 , 3 and 4

(C) 3 , 4 and 5

(D) All of these

11) Where did the Portuguese set up the first trade centre in india?

(A) Calicut

(B) Cannore

(C) Cochin

(D) Masulipatnam

12) What is the reason for the decline of Portuguese power in india ?

(A) The portuguese forcibly converts indians to Christianity

(B) The religious policy created enimity of the muslims

(C) The fall of vijayanagar kingdom

(D) All of these

13) The Dutch people belongs to which country ?

(A) England



(B) Holland

(C) Portuguese

(D) Denmark

14) Where did the dutch setup the first trade centre in india ?

(A) Masulipatnam

(B) Surat

(C) Cambay

(D) Patna

15) In which year Amboyna massacre happened ?

(A) 1622

(B) 1623

(C) 1620

(D) 1610

16) When did the English east india company was given the permission to trade ?

(A) December 30 , 1601

(B) December 31 , 1600

(C) December 26 , 1640

(D) December 27 , 1610

17) Who came to the jahangirs court and got the permission to setup the trading centres in

india ?

(A) Sir Thomas Roe

(B) William Hawkins

(C) Francis Day



(D) Colbert

18) Who laid the foundation for the modern madras ?

(A) Sir Thomas Roe

(B) William Hawkins

(C) Francis Day

(D) Colbert

19) Before independence Pondicherry was ruled by ?

(A) Dutch

(B) France

(C) England

(D) Spanish

20) Which of the following statements is / are correct ?

1) Portuguese were the first to find the sea route to india

2) In 1498 vascoda gama reached the Calicut on the east coast of india.

3) Alfonso –De-Albuquerque was the reason for the Portuguese power in india.

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 2 and 3

(C) 1 and 3

(D) All of these

21) What is the not reason for the decline of Portuguese power in india ?

(A) Portuguese came under the rrule of spain

(B) The poruguese indulged the piracy against the indian merchants

(C) The arrival of the dutch and the English



(D) None of these

22) When was the French east india company established ?

(A) 1663

(B) 1664

(C) 1665

(D) 1666

23) When was the st.George fort built ?

(A) 1640

(B) 1642

(C) 1670

(D) 1700

24) Where is Fort William located ?

(A) Chennai

(B) New delhi

(C) Calcutta

(D) Mumbai

25) Which of the following statements is /are correct ?

1) In 1639 , Francis Day bought a piece of land from the king of Chandragiri and laid

the foundation for modern madras for a small rent

2) In 1640 the English built Fort st. George

3) Charles II the king of England married Catherine the daughter of the king of Portugal

and Chennai was given as a part of dowry.

4) In 1699 The british got the permission from Aurangazeb to set up factory at Calcutta.



(A) 1 , 2 and 3

(B) 1 , 2 and 4

(C) 2 , 3 and 4

(D) 3 and 4


1) The Danish established their trading centre at Tranquebar in 1620 and serampore in

Bengal in 1676.

2) The Danish sold their trading centre to the French.

(A) 1 and 2 is correct and statement 2 is a correct explanation for statement 1

(B) 1 and 2 is correct and statement 2 not is a correct explanation for statement 1

(C) 1 only

(D) 2 only

27) When was French east india compny established ?

(A) 1666

(B) 1664

(C) 1640

(D) 1674


List –I List -II

1) Pondicherry - 1674

2) Chandranagore - 1690

3) Mahe - 1725

4) Karaikal - 1739



(A) 1 2 3 4

(B) 1 2 4 3

(C) 2 3 4 1

(D) 3 4 1 2

29) Who was the main reason for the establishment of the French east india company ?

(A) Louis XIV

(B) Colbert

(C) Dupleix

(D) Constantinople

30) Where did the French setup their trading centre first in india ?

(A) Surat

(B) Masulipatnam

(C) Pondicherry

(D) Mahe

31) From whom the Alfonso de Albuquerque captured goa ?

(A) Sultan of bijapur

(B) Sultan of delhi

(C) Sultan of bihar

(D) Sultan of Bengal

32) Who capture Malacca and built the port of ormuz in the Persian gulf ?

(A) Alfonso de Albuquerque

(B) Francisco de Almeida

(C) Vascoda gama



(D) Bartholomeu Diaz

33) When did sir Thomas Roe came to the court of jahangi ?

(A) 1610

(B) 1615

(C) 1639

(D) 1625

34) Where is the French headquarters located in india ?

(A) Mahe

(B) Karaikal

(C) Pondicherry

(D) Chandranagore

35) Who took charge as governor of french in 1742 ?

(A) Constantinople

(B) Dupleix

(C) Anwarudeen

(D) Colbert


List I List II

1) First Carnatic war 1748 – 1754

2) Second carnatic war 1757

3) Third carnatic war 1746 - 1748

4) Battle of plassey 1764

5) Battle of Buxar 1767 - 1769



6) First Anglo-mysore war 1756 – 1763

(A) 3 1 2 4 5 6

(B) 3 1 6 2 4 5

(C) 1 2 4 3 6 5

(D) 4 3 5 1 2 6

37) Which of the following statements is /are wrong ?

1) The first Carnatic war is due to the Austrian war of succession

2) The first Carnatic war came to an end by the treaty of Aix-la-chappelle

3) The second Carnatic war was connected with the succession disputes between the

Nizam of hderabad and nawab of Carnatic

4) The second Carnatic war came to an end with the treaty of Pondicherry.

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 2 and 3

(C) 3 and 4

(D) None of these

38) Who is called as hero of arcot ?

(A) Dupleix

(B) Robert clive

(C) Godeheu

(D) Muzzafar jung

39) Which of the following statements is /are correct?

1) In second Carnatic war the French won the war and british lost the war



2) At the end of second Carnatic war Mohammed ali was acknowledged as the nawab of

Carnatic.

(A) 1 only

(B) 2 only

(C) 1 and 2

(D) None of these

40) Which of the following statements is /are wrong ?

1) In 1756 the seven years war broke out in Europe and same war echoed in india as the

third Carnatic war

2) The third Carnatic war came to an end with the treaty of paris

3) Battle of plassey was between the Robert clive and the siraj –ud- Daulah

4) Battle of buxar was the reason for the british rule in india

5) Battle of buxar came to an end with the treaty of Allahabad

(A) 1 , 2 and 3

(B) 4 only

(C) 1 , 2 , 3 and 5

(D) 3 , 4 and 5

41) When was treat of madras was signed ?

(A) 1709

(B) 1679

(C) 1769

(D) 1796




1) Robert clive introduced Dual government in bengal

2) Robert clive became the governor of bengal in 1765

3) Arcot was the capital of nawab

4) Count de lally was defeated by sir Eyre coote at the battle of wandiwash

5) The war at santhome on the banks of the river adyar was between the anwaruddin and

French

(A) 1 , 2 and 3

(B) 2 , 3 and 4

(C) 1, 2 , 3 , 4 and 5

(D) 5 only

43) Which of the following is wrongly matched ?

(A) Black hole tragedy - siraj ud daulah

(B) Nawab of Bengal - Mira Qasim

(C) Governor of Mauritius – La Bourdonnais

(D) French governor - Robert Clive

44) Which of the following statements related to the Robert clives administration Reforms is

/ are correct ?

1) The servants of the English east india company were forbidden to receive any gift

from Indians

2) They were forbidden to indulge in private trade

3) Robert clive gave double bhatta to the military officers during the time of wars.

4) He received the diwani and nizamat rights from the Mughal emperor shah alam II



5) He set up a fund known as lord clive’s fund with a view to help poor servants of the

company.

(A) 1 , 2 and 5

(B) 1 , 2 , 4 and 5

(C) 2 , 3 , 4 and 5

(D) 1 , 2 , 3 and 4

45) When was hyder ali born ?

(A) 1722

(B) 1772

(C) 1769

(D) None of these

46) Count –de-lally was defeated by sir Eyre coote at the battle of

(A) Madras

(B) St. Thomas

(C) Wandiwash

(D) Plassey

47) When did turks captured Constantinople ?

(A) 1487

(B) 1510

(C) 1453

(D) 1509

48) When was the Bartholomeu Diaz made his first voyage ?

(A) 1487



(B) 1510

(C) 1453

(D) 1509

49) In which year Albuquerque captured goa from the sultan of bijapur ?

(A) 1487

(B) 1510

(C) 1453

(D) 1509

50) Who named the southernmost tip of Africa as “cape of storms “ ?

(A) Alfonso – De - Albuquerque

(B) Francisco – de - Almeida

(C) Vascoda gama

(D) Barthalomeu Diaz

51) In which year british defeated the Spanish Armada ?

(A) 1589

(B) 1588

(C) 1587

(D) 1586

52) Which of the following statements is not related to Francisco – de - Almeida ?

1) During his period defeated the Arab traders.

2) He was the first viceroy of the Portuguese possessions in india

3) He increases the Portuguese naval power and became the masters of the Arabian sea

4) In 1515 Almeida was killed by Egyptians.



(A) 1 and 2

(B) 2 , 3 and 4

(C) 3 and 4

(D) 1 , 2 and 4


1) Alfonso de Albuquerque was the second viceroy of the Portuguese in india

2) Albuquerque treated the hindus well and opened schools for their education and

encouraged the marriage between the Portuguese and indian women.

(A) 1 only

(B) 2 only

(C) 1 and 2

(D) None of these


List I List II

1) Malacca - 1739

2) Port of ormuz - 1533

3) Nagapattinam - 1515

4) Karaikkal - 1511

(A) 3 4 1 2

(B) 3 4 2 1

(C) 2 1 4 3

(D) 4 3 2 1

55) Which of the following statements is/are correct ?



1) Portuguese got the permission from the sevappa nayak to trade in the nagapattinam

2) Madurai nayak tried to throw the Portuguese out of the india and they succeeded.

(A) 1 only

(B) 2 only

(C) 1 and 2

(D) None of these

56) When did the dutch started the factory in Devanampattinam ?

(A) 1605

(B) 1608

(C) 1689

(D) 1623

57) In which year the dutch made nagapattinam as their capital ?

(A) 1605

(B) 1608

(C) 1689

(D) 1623

58) Who was considered as the fore father of William bentick to stop the practice of sati ?

(A) Alfonso – de- Albuquerque

(B) Francisco – de - Almeida

(C) Vascoda gama

(D) Bartholomeu Diaz

59) Who came to the power after the decline of Portuguese ?

(A) Danish



(B) British

(C) Dutch

(D) French

60) Which was the capital of the dutch ?

(A) Surat

(B) Masulipattnam

(C) Pazhaverkadu

(D) Mahe

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