History of (Western) Psychology
description
Transcript of History of (Western) Psychology
![Page 1: History of (Western) Psychology](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061615/56816617550346895dd9665e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
History of (Western) Psychology
![Page 2: History of (Western) Psychology](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061615/56816617550346895dd9665e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Pre-Scientific Psychology: Monism vs Dualism
Socrates, Plato, and Descartes were dualists- thought body and soul are distinct from each other
Aristotle was a monist – he believed the soul and body were inseparable
![Page 3: History of (Western) Psychology](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061615/56816617550346895dd9665e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ancient Greeks Socrates and Plato:
• Used logic• Knowledge is innate
(we’re born with it)
Aristotle• Used data and
observation• Knowledge comes
from experience • First to examine
mental processes such as thought, motivation, and emotional catharsis
![Page 4: History of (Western) Psychology](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061615/56816617550346895dd9665e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Europe Rene Descartes
• Found nerves in dissected animals
Bacon• first to use scientific
method Locke
• Argued for tabula rasa (blank slate)
Empiricism • Observation and
experimentation are most reliable method of knowing
![Page 5: History of (Western) Psychology](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061615/56816617550346895dd9665e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Modern Psychology Wilhelm Wundt
conducted first experiment in 1879
Measured lag between perception and awareness
http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/literally-psyched/2012/07/31/the-birth-of-experimental-psychology-how-do-we-measure-beginnings/
![Page 6: History of (Western) Psychology](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061615/56816617550346895dd9665e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Structuralism Goal = find
structural elements of the mind (not brain)
Edward Tichener used had subjects use introspection to describe experiences
Problems?http://heartofaleader.wordpress.com/2012/05/11/introspection-and-leadership/
![Page 7: History of (Western) Psychology](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061615/56816617550346895dd9665e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Functionalism Looked at evolved
purposes of thoughts and emotions
Thought processes must be adaptive (based on Darwin)
Founded by William James (American)
http://epsychology.in/school-of-psychology.html
![Page 8: History of (Western) Psychology](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061615/56816617550346895dd9665e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Gestalt Psychology Led by Max
Wertheimer Focused on
perception, insight, and problem-solving
Believed the whole is different from the sum of the parts
German rebellion against Wundt’s analytic mindset
http://www.whatispsychology.biz/gestalt-psychology-social-cognition-development
![Page 9: History of (Western) Psychology](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061615/56816617550346895dd9665e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Psychoanalysis Started by Freud Focused on describing
and treating abnormal behavior
Problems come from previously unresolved conflict (unconscious)
Used dream analysis and free association in therapy
![Page 10: History of (Western) Psychology](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061615/56816617550346895dd9665e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Behaviorism Started by John
Watson Focus is on the
observable and measurable
Describes how behaviors are learned and modified
http://ahp.apps01.yorku.ca/?tag=behaviorism
![Page 11: History of (Western) Psychology](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061615/56816617550346895dd9665e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Humanistic Psychology Carl Rogers and Abraham
Maslow, 1980s Rebelled against behaviorism
and psychoanalysis Focused on current environment,
potential for growth, and needs for love and acceptance
![Page 12: History of (Western) Psychology](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061615/56816617550346895dd9665e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Modern Subfields Counseling
psychology• Work with people
with everyday problems
• Academic, career, relationships, grief,
Clinical psychology• Work with patients
with ongoing mental, emotional, or behavioral problems
Psychiatry• Go to medical
school• Can prescribe
medication and other physical treatments
• Also use psychotherapy
![Page 13: History of (Western) Psychology](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061615/56816617550346895dd9665e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Industrial-Organizational Advise
companies on organization, hiring, training, morale, and compensation of employees
Human factors psychologists study human/machine interaction• Product design