History of U.S. Table Tennis - Vol. IV: 1963-1970

8/15/2019 History of U.S. Table Tennis - Vol. IV: 1963-1970

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Fhstiry [.\.

m̂`ck k̂bbhs

–^fk \tmgbmbt Xkmrs? [bckss iur [\^^M K.L. ‖lmb lckmrcy skk tfk

nkshrks ia tfk pcmykrs tfky rkprkskbt,‘ tfkrk whcc ̀ k bi prigrkss.―

ia

Qic. HQ? =81


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^HE @IGGMB

^he @iggmb hs m airekr Hbtkrbmthibmc ̂ m`ck ̂ kbbhs

Aknkrmthib Qhlk-Zrkshnkbt, mbn m airekr tfrkk-tkreZrkshnkbt ia tfk [bhtkn \tmtks ̂ m`ck ̂ kbbhs Mssilhmthib

(biw [\M ^m`ck ^kbbhs).Air => ykmrs fk skrvkn ms Knhtir ia tfk Bmthibmc

Zu`chlmthib, mbn hs tfk mutfir ia Whbbhbg ^m`ck ^kbbhs(=871) mbn Qicueks H (0:::), HH (0::) ia tfhs

eucth-vicuek Fhstiry ia [.\. m̂`ck k̂bbhs. Air ivkr :, ;:, 1:, mbn 7:\hbgcks mbn Niu`cks Lfmephib.

@itf ia fhs sibs, \litt mbn Krhl, wkrk [.\.Oubhir mbn tfkb [.\. Ekb‘s \hbgcks Lfmephibs.@itf mrk hb tfk [\^^M Fmcc ia Amek.

Zrhlk? $


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Fhstiry ia [.\. ^m`ck ^kbbhsQIC. HQ? =81


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0

^fhs ìid hs air ey sibs,\litt mbn Krhl, ia wfie H‘e eist priun...air wfmt tfky wkrk mbn mrk

H wmbt ti mldbiwckngk fiw eulf H mpprklhmtk Cmrry Fingks‘s hbnhspkbsh`ck libtrhùthib

tiwmrn tfk emdhbg ia ey ̀ iids (slmbbhbg mcc pfitis, fkcp hb cmyhbg iut pmgks hb Qicueks HH,HHH & HQ). Whtfiut fhs kxpkrhkblk mbn kaahlhkbly, ht‘s pissh`ck H wiucn bit fmvk liepcktkn

tfksk Qicueks, ir mt ckmst bit fmvk liepcktkn tfke ms quhldcy ms H fmvk.

Emc Mbnkrsib, tii, gkts m spklhmc bin air sfmrhbg whtf ek fhs kbireius liccklthib ia pfitisia pcmykrs mbn iaahlhmcs.

H‘n chdk mcsi ti ghvk spklhmc tfmbds mgmhb ti Nmvk \mdmh air fhs libthbumc kaairt mbn

kbliurmgkekbt. Ey rkpkmtkn tfmbds, tii, ti Okb Akcc, air fkr fkcp hb tfk ahbmc prkpmrmthib ia tfkskvicueks.

Aribt Livkr Zfiti[.\. ̂ kme Eke`krs, C-P, Ekb? ̂ kme Lmptmhb Oifb Pkmn, Omld Fiwmrn, Oifb ̂ mbbkfhcc,

Nmc-Oiib Ckk mbn [\^^M Nkckgmtk ti H^Â Libgrkss Puaairn Fmrrhsib4

Wiekb? Ombhlk Emrthb, Wkbny Fhlds, Mchlk Grkkb mbn Zmtty Emrthbkz

@mld Livkr Zfiti

=81< [.\. ̂ kme Zcmykrs, C-P? Bir`y Qmb nk Wmcck, Nhld Ehcks, @i``y Ahkcns, @krbhk @udhkt,

Cibm Pu`kbstkhb mbn @mr`mrm Dmehbsdy. (Bit skkb? @krbhlk Lfitrms)

ZPHB^KN @X? ̂ fk Iutkr Iaahlk, Chek Dhcb Pimn, Auctib, EN

H\@B B[E@KP? :-87:71;7-


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>

H mgmhb wmbt ti tfmbd Ckmf Bku`krgkr‘s shstkr, ̂ fkcem – ŷ`hk― ̂ fmcc \ieekr, air

mgrkkhbg, matkr Ckmf‘s nkmtf, tfmt H ehgft, hb ey Fhstirhmb‘s rick, fmvk mllkss ti tfksk ubhquk

cmìr-ia civk @hbnkrs. H mcsi wmbt ti tfmbd mgmhb Ckmf mbn ̂ y`hk‘s cmtk, cibgthek arhkbn @i`

Grkkb air tmdhbg tfk libshnkrm`ck thek mbn triu`ck ia ̀ ixhbg up mcc tfksk @hbnkrs (ms wkcc ms

tfk emby ehslkccmbkius Aicnkrs Ckmf fmn mlquhrkn) mbn skbnhbg tfke ti ek.

Lchpphbgs mbn pfitis hb tfk \lrmpìids, @hbnkrs, mbn Aicnkrs rkckvmbt ti tfhs Qicueksiektheks ni bit sfiw tfkhr siurlk ir nmtk, mbn siek mrthlcks mrk wrhttkb whtfiut m `ychbk.

Emgmzhbks

Ia liursk H‘e grkmtcy hbnk`tkn ti tfk iaahlhmc [\^^M/[\M̂ ^ tm`ck tkbbhs emgmzhbk

tfmt, ivkr tfk ykmrs, fms fmn eirk tfmb hts sfmrk ia bmek lfmbgks?

Arie Ilt., =8 tfk pu`chlmthib wms lmcckn (^^^ ) m̂`ck k̂bbhsîphls.

Arie Omb., =8;; tfriugf \kpt., =81= tfkrk wms shepcy mb Mssilhmthib Bkwsckttkr . ̂ fk

bmek m̂`ck k̂bbhs îphls wms iaahlhmccy rkhbstmtkn whtf tfk Ilt., =81= hssuk, mbn tfk

pu`chlmthib libthbukn whtf tfmt bmek tfriugf Emy-Oubk, =86


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;

H‘e mcsi hbnk`tkn hb tfhs Qicuek ti pu`chlmthibs arie itfkr liubtrhks?


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Hbtrinulthib

Hb tfk sueekr ia =810, airekr ^iphls Knhtir BirembDhcpmtrhld ̀ klmek tfk =;tf Zrkshnkbt ia tfk [\^^M. Fhs

mpprimlf ti fhs iaahlk hbhthmccy nhaakrkn arie fhs fmrn-

wirdhbg prknklkssir Puaairn Fmrrhsib‘s hb tfmt ht wmsnhchgkbtcy ch`krmc rmtfkr tfmb rkstrhlthvk4 ht siugft timllieeinmtk, bit ti thgft-sfhp pubhsf. @ut Dhcpmtrhld‘shnkmchse mbn hbtkgrhty nhn bit kxtkbn ti pricibgkn [\^^Mhb-griup ahgfthbg air pichlhks fk wmbtkn (mbn fk nhn wmbt

wfmt fk wmbtkn)4 wfkb prkssurkn fk ̀ klmek hb thek tfhb-sdhbbkn. Wk smw hb Qic. HHH, fiw wfkb Biremb wmsb‘t

kckltkn ti tmdk tfk mhchbg Oifb Qmrgm‘s pcmlk ms [\^^MQ.Z.„K.L. eke`krs hb m lciskn


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`kttkr pmrt ia tfk ‖1:‘s tfkrk wiucn ̀ k bi aicciw-upLimlfhbg Zrigrme„tfk [\^^M, hb mnnhthib ti fmvhbgkmrchkr mlquhrkn ahces ia tfk =8;; Pilfkstkr Bmthibmc‘smbn tfk =8;7 \tildfice Wircn‘s, purlfmskn m

sullksshib ia =81:‘s Lfmephibsfhp ahces, ̀ kghbbhbg

whtf tfk =81= Zkdhbg Wircn‘s. Mcsi, tfk Mssilhmthib ìugft m –\lhkblk ia ̂ m`ck ̂ kbbhs― ahce whtflieekbtmry ̀ y amekn Kbgchsf Limlf Omld Lmrrhbgtibwfi hb =811 wiucn ghvk siek wkcc rklkhvkn ùt piircymttkbnkn lchbhls hb Lmbmnm. Fiw emby ia iur pcmykrs

kvkr smw mby ia tfksk ahces, ckt mcibk priahtkn arietfke, H lmb‘t smy. @ut mnvmblks hb tklfbhquk, sulf ms tfk

–ciip nrhvk,― wkrk ̀ khbg tmcdkn mìut hb tfk kmrcy ‖1:‘shb Birtf Mekrhlm.

Hb Emr., =81< Dhcpmtrhld, fiphbg iur lcu`swiucn ̀ k kbtfushmsthl mbn mpprklhmthvk, ̀ riugft twi

Kbgchsf –ciipkrs― ti tfk [.\. ti tiur vmrhius lhthks, pcmyhb iur [.\. Ipkb, mbn hb gkbkrmc kbgmgk whtf iur

–priaksshibmcs― (Bire wms tfk ahrst [\^^M Zrkshnkbt titry ti emdk m suppirthvk nhsthblthib `ktwkkb memtkursmbn priaksshibmcs). Ibk ia tfksk Kbgchsfekb, Nkrkd @mnnkcky, kxpcmhbkn hb m îphls‘ –Limlf‘s Lmbipy―

mrthlck mnnrksskn ti ubhbhthmtks„tfmt hs, oust mìutkvkryìny hb [.\. ̂ m`ck ̂ kbbhs„fiw tfk ciip stridk

wirdkn (H‘vk grkmtcy libnkbskn tfhs ibk-pmgk mrthlck, ̀ ut yiu‘cc gkt tfk gkbkrmc hnkm)?

–…î sue up, tfk TciipU stridk lmb ibcy ̀ k uskn rkmccy kaaklthvkcy mgmhbst m

lfippkn rkturb, ms ht hs ̀ mshlmccy m vkry kxmggkrmtkn tip-sphb nrhvk, mbn hs ekrkcyhblrkmshbg tfk meiubt ia sphb mcrkmny ib tfk `mcc .

…T^fk tklfbhquk hbvicvks libtmlthbg tfk `mccU ms ht nrips arie tfk pkmd ia tfkìublk…mt, ir schgftcy ̀ kciw, tfk ckvkc ia tfk tm`ck suramlk, mctfiugf ht hs quhtk pissh`ck ti tmdk tfk `mcc kvkb cmtkr tfmb tfhs.

…^fk ̀ mld swhbg sfiucn ̀ kghb vkry ciw, bkmr ti tfk aciir, aicciwhbg tfriugf

mceist vkrthlmccy, ̀ ut hblchbkn schgftcy airwmrn T–`rusfhbg tfk ̀ mcc ms chgftcy ms pissh`ck

whtf tfk ̀ mt―U, mbn ahbhsfhbg ivkrfkmn. ̂ fk ̀ cmnk ia tfk ̀ mt…sfiucn ̀ k wfhppknupwmrns mt grkmt spkkn, whtf tfk ìny wkhgft trmbsakrrhbg Tarie tfk `mldU ti tfk aribt

aiit sheuctmbkiuscy…― (Emy, =81


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ru``kr.―@krgembb fmn i`vhiuscy ̀ kkb mwmy arie

Kbgcmbn mbn mppmrkbtcy Kuripkmb tm`ck tkbbhs air siek eibtfs, air tfk ciip wmsb‘t bkw ti airekr

Wircn Lfmephib Oifbby Ckmlf. Fk‘n skkb

Omli`sib nkstriy nkakbshvk pcmykrs hb emtlfkstfmt emnk air vkry piir tm`ck tkbbhs, mbn fmnmgmhb pritkstkn lfmbgk, ms fk fmn kmrchkr tfkekbmlk ia spibgk. Fk‘n suggkstkn tfmt tfk ciip `k `mbbkn ̀ kairk ht dhcckn tm`ck tkbbhs. @ut

Omli`sib (siubncy `kmtkb hb tfk qumrtkr‘s ia tfkKbgchsf Lciskn ̀ kairk liehbg ti tfk [.\.) smhn

tfmt –tfhs typk ia piir pcmy cmstkn air mceist twiykmrs hb Kbgcmbn, ̀ ut ahbmccy fms prinulkn m eistwirtfwfhck kvicuthib hb tfk styck ia tm`ck tkbbhsbiw pcmykn hb tfmt bmthib― (^^^ , Mpr., =81


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liucn ̀ k rkspibsh`ck air iur cishbg tfmt eulf hbliek. Ha yiu rkmccy mrk bit hbtkrkstkn hb tfk wkcamrk ia tfhsMssilhmthib, ehgft H suggkst tfmt yiu rkshgb si tfmt wk lmbliepcktk tfk KL whtf wirdkrs hbstkmn ia nkmn-wiin. Whtf

m lfmbgk ia prkshnkbts hb ehn-tkre, tfhs fms ̀ kkb m tryhbg

twi ykmrs, whtfiut tfk liepchlmthib ia mb KL tfmt hs ;:%hnck.―

Ht‘s gihbg ti `k eirk tfmb m tryhbg sfirt thek air [.\.m̂`ck ̂ kbbhs. Hb tmcdhbg mìut Kbgcmbn‘s ekcmblficy \kca-Kvmcumthib

Pkpirt (bi =:,::: spkltmtirs mt tfk Kbgchsf Ipkb biw), Puaairnehgft ms wkcc ̀ k tmcdhbg mìut wfkrk tm`ck tkbbhs, ir phbg-pibg, hs

pcmykn pu c̀hlcy hb tfk [.\.?

–…Emby maahchmtkn lcu`s, mbn mceist mcc itfkr pcmlks wfkrk tm`ck tkbbhs hs pcmykn, fmvk hbakrhir tm`cks? tfhb tips, bi wfhtk chbks, spchbtkrkn kngks, ̀ mttkrkn

suramlks, mbn si ib. Qkry iatkb, tfky mcsi fmvk hbsuaahlhkbt spmlk? tii chttck ̀ mld-spmlk,tii chttck spmlk ̀ ktwkkb tfk tm`cks, mbn mceist hbvmrhm`cy tii chttck spmlk mìvk tfke. M

tfhrn amltir, wfhlf tfk rkpirt ekbthibs ibcy hb pmsshbg, hs kqumccy hepirtmbt? chgfthbg.Eist hbstmccmthibs mrk tii nhe, bit ubhaire, ir, eirk iatkb, tii ciw― (^^^ , Omb.-Ak`.,=81>, 8). TPuaairn urgks kcskwfkrk tfmt pcmykrs libtmlt tfkhr cilmc piwkr liepmbyrkgmrnhbg wfmt chgft-hbtkbshty ahxturks tfky bkkn„wfktfkr tfky‘rk pcmyhbg hb m

`mskekbt ir rubbhbg m twi-stmr tiurbmekbt hb m cmrgk fmcc.U―

\krhius pri`ckes hb Armblk, tii, ehrrir tfisk hb tfk [.\.? –ha wk ni bit mnmptiurskcvks ti einkrb ̂ m`ck ̂ kbbhs wk sfmcc ̀ k rkckgmtkn `ht ̀ y ̀ ht ti tfk ckvkc ia tfk wkmdkstliubtrhks.― Kcmìrmthbg ib tfhs tfkshs, hb mb Mug.-\kpt., =81> îphls mrthlck rkprhbtkn arie tfk

Kbgchsf m̂`ck k̂bbhs, hs Zhkrrk Lkllmcnh, Zrkshnkbt ia tfk Arkblf Mssilhmthib. Bithbg tfmt tfk–Arkblf gmek hs rkcmthvkcy sciw mbn pmsshvk,― fk giks ib ti smy?

–…^fk bkw rmldkt fms trmbsairekn tfk gmek ia ̂ m`ck ̂ kbbhs hb hts ksskbthmckckekbts? trmokltiry, sphbs, spkkn. ̂ m`ck ̂ kbbhs tinmy hs mttmld, tiwmrn wfhlfkvkrytfhbg trkbns….

…T^fkU Lfhbksk, wfi ckmn Wircn ^m`ck ^kbbhs mt tfk eiekbt Ttfmt wms >:

ykmrs mgiU, fmvk surpmsskn tfk Ompmbksk, wfi wkrk tfkhr tkmlfkrs, `klmusk tfkyrkmchzkn tfmt tfk cmttkr‘s gmek ushbg sickcy airkfmbn mttmld wms hbliepcktk. ̂ fkhr

iwb gmek usks tfk wfick gmeut ia ̂ m`ck ̂ kbbhs stridks, kspklhmccy mttmld ib tfk `mldfmbn.

…Nkakblk, wfktfkr lfip ir ciip, hs ibcy m prkpmrmthib air mttmld, air mb mttmld wfhlf eust bit `k nkcmykn, air wfikvkr ahrst cmublfks m acmt-iut mttmld whbs tfk pihbt.

…TMcsi,U ht hs bi cibgkr pkrehssh`ck ti hgbirk tfk amlt tfmt tfk skrvhlk hs mwkmpib. ^fk skrvhlk skrvks ti (=) prkpmrk tfk mttmld4 (0) put tfk ippibkbt hb m

nhaahlucty4 (


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eibtfcy, ykmrcy tiurbmekbt liepkththib„mbn, ms whcc ̀ k mcc tii kvhnkbt hb tfhs nklmnk, tfky fmvkvkry chttck libtmlt whtf, bkvkr ehbn grkmt, kvkb giin pcmykrs. Hb mb Ilt., =81> îphls mrthlck, Fkr`\lfhbnckr, Or., tfk [\^^M ̂ rkmsurkr wfi‘n ̀ kkb hb lfmrgk ia tfk Hbtkrbmthibmc ̂ kme Aubn, put iaa `y tfk meiubt ia eibky tfk Mssilhmthib spkbt hb skbnhbg iur =81< [.\. ̂ kme mbn [.\. Oubhir

^kme ti Kuripk, urgkn tfmt wk sfiucn –ahrst nkvkcip iur gmek mt fiek mbn tfkb Tey htmchlsU

pkrfmps hb tfk auturk liblkrb iurskcvks whtf wircn nkvkcipekbt.― Fk lkrtmhbcy wmsb‘t gihbg tiaubn rmhsk air Hbtkrbmthibmc pcmy.* Iur pcmykrs, tfkrkairk, rkcmthvk ti hbtkrbmthibmc liepkththib, mrkwkmd mt tfhs thek, mbn whcc rkemhb si ubthc tfk hbbivmthvk mbth-sphb pcmy ia Nmbby \kkehcckr mbn cmtkr Krhl @iggmb, ̀ itf me`hthiuscy pcmyhbg mt fiek mbn m`rimn hb tfk =87:‘s mbn ‖6:‘s.

^friugf tfk ‖1:‘s Puaairn, nhschdhbg [.\. privhblhmchse, wiucn libthbuk ti dkkp tfk

Eke`krsfhp m`rkmst ia t.t. tiurbmekbts, rmbdhbgs, mbn mrthlcks arie ivkrskms, kspklhmccy hb theks ia Wircn Lfmephibsfhps wfhlf, ha m vhsm wkrk

pissh c̀k, fk ubamhchbgcy mttkbnkn. ̂ fk Kbgchsfemgmzhbk, m̂`ck k̂bbhs, wms mcwmys m siurlkia hbtkrkst. Wmbt ti rkmn mìut Pusshm‘s ‘1=Kuripkmb Ghrcs Lfmephib, tfk pkbficnkr _iym

Punbivm9 @y =81< sfk wms pcmyhbg air tfk\ivhkts hb Zrmguk wfkrk rkpirtkncy sfk

–arkqukbtcy skrvkn up ti ahvk mlks hb m riw.―Fiw wms tfhs pissh`ck9 Fkrk‘s [\\P Bmthibmc ̂ kme Limlfks Qmckbthb Hvmbiv mbn\kagkh \fprmdf ti kxpcmhb?

–…\fk ckmrbkn tfksk skrvhlk sfits ib

m sphbbhbg nhsl? _iym, whtf m wiinkb ̀ mt,sheucmtks m rkmc skrvhlk ̀ y schgftcy tiulfhbg,mbn bit fhtthbg, tfk nhsl mbn emdhbg ht sphb. ̂ fk

tip-sphb hs pkrakltkn ib m sphbbhbg ̀ hlylckwfkkc. ̂ fksk kxkrlhsks…lmcc ̀ itf air

mlmnkehl prklhshib mbn grkmt kbnurmblk. Matkr =0 ir =; ehbutks ia prmlthlk whtf tfk ̀ hdk-

wfkkc m pcmykr akkcs oust ms thrkn ms matkr m strkbuius tiurbmekbt gmek― (Biv., =81;, =:).

Ia liursk rkmnhbg mìut tfk bkwkst pcmyhbg tklfbhquks hs nhaakrkbt arie skkhbg tfke `khbg kepciykn khtfkr hb pkrsib ir ib ahce, mbn amr nhaakrkbt arie putthbg tfke ti usk ib liurt

mgmhbst smvvy ippibkbts.Matkr liehbg ̀ mld arie tfk =81< Wircn‘s ti strkss tfk ivkrwfkcehbg supkrhirhty ia tfk

Lfhbksk ekb, Puaairn fmn tfhs ti smy hb ibk ia fhs eibtfcy –\hnkchbks― îphls‘ mrthlcks?

–Wfkb fhtthbg, tfk Lfhbksk akkt ckmvk tfk griubn twi mt m thek. ^fk lfippkrslfip ib ibk aiit. Wfkb fhtthbg m fhgf-ìublhbg ci``kn `mcc, tfksk akcciws tmdk ht mt tfk

fkhgft ia hts ìublk„kvkb ha tfky fmvk ti ouep m aiit mbn m fmca ti ni ht. Airgkt tfktkxt-ìids4 yiu lmb gkt tfk kckekbtmry stridks tfkrk, ̀ ut tfhs bkw stuaa oust fmsb‘t rkmlfkn

tfk ̀ iid-sfkcvks ykt.Hblhnkbtmccy, tfk ci`-nkakbsk hs oust ms stmbnmrn hb Kuripk mbn Mshm ms tfk lfip-

nkakbsk. \iek ia iur pkipck libshnkrkn ht ti ̀ k bit quhtk tm`ck tkbbhs„kxfh`hthibstuaa, bi ckss. Wfmtkvkr ht wms, wk liucnb‘t `kmt ht, si ckt‘s try ti ckmrb arie ht. ^fk

Zfiti `y K. Akbnrhlf

Arie Nkutslfkr ^hslftkbbhs-\pirt , 8-18,


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styck lmb whb4 ckt‘s gkt iur chgfts rmhskn si tfmt wk lmb pcmy mcc tfk stridks, hbstkmn ia oust tfk

icn-amsfhibkn ibks.^fk ciip hs mcsi vmcum`ck. Eist Kuripkmbs fmvk ht, mbn wk lmb‘t maairn ti

bkgcklt ht― (Emy, =81


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Drusdhk, wfi‘n m`ruptcynhsmppkmr arie tfk \pirt, akct tfmt –iur twi ykmrs nkahlht liucn `k emnk up hb twi

eibtfs― ha iur tip ekb liucn pcmy mgmhbst

Kuripk‘s ̀ kst. @y tfk ehn-‖1:‘s ht wmsb‘tm quksthib ia bit dbiwhbg tfk \pirt‘smnvmblks, ̀ ut ia fiw iur pcmykrs liucn gkthbti tfk mlthib mbn ̀ k pmrt ia tfk \phbmnvmblk.

Fkremb Zrkslitt, wfi‘nlfmephibkn tfk yiubg mbn urgkn tfke ti

gi m`rimn, wiucn rkshgb fhs Zrkshnkbly, mtckmst hb pmrt air fkmctf rkmsibs, air fk‘nsuaakrkn skvkrk fypkrtkbshib arie tfk thekfk‘n ahrst tmdkb iaahlk. Fhs sullkssir,

Phlfmrn Akukrstkhb, wfisk nhchgkbtirgmbhzmthibmc wird fmn cmrgkcy ̀ kkb

libahbkn ti fhs cilmc \t. Lfmrcks, Ehssiurh mrkm, fmnb‘t \wkkrhs‘s vhshib m`iut ̀ rhbghbg tfk [.\. `mld hbti tfk \pirt.

Nkcc, tfiugf bit ib tfk [\^^M K.L., tiid K.L. rkspibsh`hchty„urgkn mlthib. Hb mbmrthlck hb ^iphls, fk smhn? (=) –Wk mrk ahbmblhmccy ubsiubn ―? –wk lmbbit pmy ir liepkbsmtk iur

kxkluthvks ir skbn iur giin pcmykrs ti bmthibmc mbn hbtkrbmthibmc tiurbmekbts.― \mhn (0) [bckss iur K.L. –lmb lckmrcy skk tfk nkshrks ia tfk pcmykrs tfky rkprkskbt,― tfkrk whcc ̀ k bi prigrkss. \mhn ().

\wkkrhs ehgft mcsi fmvk pihbtkn iut

fiw mpmtfkthl tfk Eke`krsfhp wms? hb tfkK.L. kcklthib ia =811, kvkry ibk ia tfk aiur lmbnhnmtks air iaahlk rmb ubippiskn.

Kvkbtumccy, tfiugf, whtf ̂ he @iggmb‘s =7, [.\. Ipkbahbmchst mt ;0, [.\. Wircn ̂ kme eke`kr mt ;>)4Omld Fiwmrn ([.\. Ipkb ahbmchst mt :). Mbn meibg

Zfiti `y Emc Mbnkrsib

Okrry Drusdhk

Zfiti `y Puaairn Fmrrhsib

Nkcc‘s cishbg hbtkrkst9...H nib‘t tfhbd si.


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tfk [.\. Ipkb wiekb skehahbmchsts ms cmtk ms =816, eirk tfmb 0: ykmrs matkr tfky wkrk mcrkmny[.\. Ipkb Lfmephibs? Bku`krgkr mbn Lfitrms.

Eirkivkr, ti rkmchzk tfmt ibk ia iur tfrkk wiekb ti pcmy mt tfk =817 \tildficeWircn‘s wms Bku`krgkr, mbn aiur iut ia iur shx ekb wkrk Dckhb, Ehcks, Gushdiaa, mbn

Pkhsemb, hs ti ubnkrstmbn tfmt wfmtkvkr oubhirs wk fmvk, ha wk kvkr wmbt ti emdk tfke

pcmykrs, whcc surk bkkn m cit ia skmsibhbg. Hb =81< iur Ekb‘s ̂ kme ahbhsfkn =:

tf

4 hb =87= tfky‘nahbhsf 06tf. Hb =81; wk nhnb‘t kvkb skbn m Wiekb‘s ̂ kme, mbn hb =87= tfky‘n ahbhsf 0=st.Ia liursk wk fmn siek wircn-lcmss pcmykrs liek ti iur sfirks, ̀ ut tfky quhldcy lmek mbn

wkbt. Kuripkmb Lfmephib Fmbs –Fmssk― Mcskr mbn \iutf Mekrhlmb Lfmephib [`hrmlh –@hrh`m― nmListm pmrthlhpmtkn hb iur ahrst bmthibmccy tkckvhskn tiurbmekbt„tfk Omb., =81> Kmstkrb Ipkb.

Mctfiugf Mcskr nhnb‘t cisk m gmek ti nm Listm ir mbyibk kcsk, mbn Dhcpmtrhld kbtfuskn m`iutFmssk‘s ci` nkakbsk, ht wms rkmccy @hrh`m‘s

iaa-tfk-̀ iublk pkbficn mttmld tfmt eistkxlhtkn Biremb?

–…Listm fmn nkakmtkn

Mekrhlm‘s bmthibmc lfmephib whtf mfurrhlmbk ia pkb-ficn airkfmbn mbn

`mldfmbn nrhvks, arie shnk ti shnk, wfhlfckat @udhkt vmhbcy eivhbg ti tfk wribg shnkthek matkr thek. Lkrtmhbcy tfkrk fms bit `kkb m nhspcmy ia fhtthbg mbn liubtkr-fhtthbg

chdk tfhs ib Birtf Mekrhlmb sihc shblkWircn Wmr HH, mt ckmst― (^^^ , Emr., =81>,

Bmthibmc ̂ kme Lfmephibsfhp Zrigrme, stmtkn sthcc mbitfkr rkmsibwfy tfk [.\. wms amcchbg ̀ kfhbn?

–…H ni bit tfhbd tfk [\ pcmykrs trmhb ms fmrn ms wk ni hb Kuripk. Wk trmhb chdktrmld-mbn-ahkcnkrs, rubbkrs mbn swheekrs, wfhlf ekmbs twhlk m nmy bkmrcy tfk ykmr

riubn….Ia liursk H dbiw tfk Mshmb pcmykrs trmhb kvkb eirk…― (=0).

Bi `kttkr kxmepck ia wfhlf hs Ompmb‘s libsueemtk pcmykr/limlf Igheurm. Hb tmcdhbgm`iut tfk bklksshty ia Libnhthib ̂ rmhbhbg, Igh kepfmshzks tfmt –ht hs bit tfk pcmykr whtf ibcy m

lieembn ia tfk tklfbhquk wfi hs sullkssauc, ̀ ut tfk truk liepkthtir, wfi fms tmdkb tfk triu`ck tilmrk air fhs lhrlucmthib mbn rksphrmtiry systkes, fhs euslucmturk mbn fhs lkbtrmc bkrvius systke―

(^^^ , Ilt., =817, =:).Mbn fkrk‘s ^hek emgmzhbk suggksthbg wfy, mshnk arie tfkhr emrvkcius sdhcc, tfk

Lfhbksk fmvk wib tfrkk strmhgft Wircn Lfmephibsfhps?

@rmzhc‘s @hrh`m nm Listm


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–…‖^fksk Lfhbksk,‘ emrvkckn Ompmb‘s airekr Wircn Lfmephib Hlfhri Igheurm,‖pcmy ̀ msdkt`mcc mbn viccky`mcc mbn ni spklhmc kxkrlhsks. ̂ fky prmlthlk gyebmsthls tinkvkcip mghchty, chat wkhgfts ti ̀ uhcn up lkrtmhb euslcks.‘ ̂ fky mcsi dkykn tfkeskcvks tiakvkr phtlf keithibmccy. Lfhbm‘s Fsu Xhb-sfkbg kxpcmhbkn tfmt fhs airkfmbn wms si

piwkrauc `klmusk fk ciidkn ib m Zhbg-Zibg `mcc ‖ms tfiugf ht wkrk tfk fkmn ia Lfhmbg

Dmh-sfkd‘― (Emy 7, =81;).

Fkhbz @kldkr, Xiutf Lfmhremb, ̂ ^QB, Gkremby, hb spkmdhbg ia pcmykr nkvkcipekbt,smys ‖Kvkrytfhbg eust ̀ k prmlthlkn hb trmhbhbg sksshibs si tfmt kvkbtumccy wk fmvk, bit m fmca, ùt m liepcktk pcmykr. Air m pcmykr whtf ibcy m airkfmbn hs ibcy fmca m pcmykr― (^^^ , \kpt.,

=811, 8). @ut Armblk‘s Bmthibmc ̂ rmhbkr Lfmrcks Pikslf smys matkr tmcdhbg whtf Lfhbksk trmhbkr Lfiu Okb-cibg tfmt…

–…^fk Lfhbksk pcmlk bi vmcuk mt mcc ib mcc-riubn m`hchty, shblk ht hs hepissh`ckti libqukr mcc stridks ti tfk fhgfkst nkgrkk ia pkraklthib….^fk ksskblk ia tfk Lfhbksksystke, tfkrkairk, hs tfmt tfkhr pcmykrs ckmrb akwkr kckekbts ia tfk gmek, ̀ ut tfky ckmrb

tfke whtf m`sicutk lkrtmhbty, m lkrtmhbty tfmt hs nklhshvk― (^^^ , Mpr., =817, 8).

Liepmrkn ti tfk Lfhbksk, wfmt dhbn ia limlfhbg, trmhbhbg, mbn libnhthibhbg, wfmteithvmthib, fmvk iur [.\. pcmykrs9

Ir, shblk wk wib‘t ̀ k skkhbg tfk Lfhbksk ubthc tfk ‖7:‘s, H ehgft oust ms kmshcy su`sthtutk tfkcmtk-1:‘s wircn-lfmephib Ompmbksk. Ibcy hb tfk cmttkr fmca ia tfk nklmnk nhn [.\. ̂ m`ck ̂ kbbhs

skrhiuscy stmrt ti try ti lmtlf up whtf Wircn ̂ m`ck ̂ kbbhs. Nhld Xmemidm‘s limlfhbg mrthlcks mbnskqukblk pfitigrmpfs arie Fhdisudk ̂ memsu‘s @uttkracy m̂`ck k̂bbhs Pkpirt rkprhbtkn hb îphlsfkcpkn hccustrmtk tfk nhspmrhty. Air kxmepck, Nhld sfiws us armeks ia =817 Wircn LfmephibFmskgmwm skrvhbg, mbn nkslrh`ks fiw, wfkb fk giks hbti m lriulfkn pishthib ti skrvk, fhs arkkfmbn nkch`krmtkcy fhnnkb ubnkr tfk tm`ck, ̀ y lfmbghbg tfk spkkn ia tfk ̀ mcc tfriwb, lmb nklkpthvkcy

lfmbgk tfk sphb. ̂ fmt hs, whtf –m vkry semcc, sfmrp eivkekbt ia tfk rmldkt mt tfk eiekbt ia hepmlt,kaaklthvk ̀ mldsphb, shnk sphb, mbn kvkb tip sphb skrvhlks lmb ̀ k nkchvkrkn.― ̂ fus emby m rklkhvkr,chdk tfisk ubhbhthmtkn pcmykrs rkmnhbg Nhld‘s nkslrhpthib fkrk, lmb ̀ ut gukss wfmt tfk ̀ mcc hs nihbg

(^^^ , Biv., =811, 1). Nhld mcsi pihbts iut, si hepirtmbt mrk tfk skrvks, tfmt hb m ehn-‖1:‘s ekkt `ktwkkb Ompmb mbn Lfhbm (whtf Lfhbm‘s skrvks tklfbhlmccy ckgmc ̀ ut ia nkvhchsf hbgkbuhty) –eirktfmb 6:% ia tfk pihbts wkrk nktkrehbkn ̀ kairk tfk ahatf ̀ mcc.―

Grmnumccy, tfk [.\. ̀ kgmb ti gkt whtf ht m chttck. Lmbmnm‘s KVZI ‘17 mbn Gkzm Gmznmg‘s

‘17-‖18 Bkw Xird Lhty Hbvhtmthibmcs ̀ riugft m bue`kr ia vhshthbg wircn-lcmss pcmykrs ti BirtfMekrhlm (–tfk eist kxlhthbg tfhbg tfmt fms fmppkbkn ti tm`ck tkbbhs hb tfhs liubtry,― smhn airekr

Bmthibmc Lfmephib @i` ỳ Gushdiaa). Mcsi ia grkmt hepirtmblk wms tfk liehbg ia tfk wircn-lcmss\iutf Dirkmb Nmc-Oiib Ckk ti skttck hb Ifhi tfkb emdk fheskca mb kbtkrtmhbhbg sfiwemb air tfk

\pirt ̀ y pcmyhbg mbn limlfhbg hb vmrhius pmrts ia tfk liubtry. Ia hepirtmblk, tii, wkrk tfk lchbhlsiaakrkn hb skvkrmc pmrts ia tfk [.\. ̀ y tfk ameius Ompmbksk pcmykr/limlf Hlfhri Igheurm.

Nkcc \wkkrhs, ibk ia tfk nklmnk‘s twi eist fiekgriwb vhshibmry pcmykr/limlfks (Omld Fiwmrn wms tfk itfkr), urgkn prhzk eibky tiurbmekbts, kvkb trhkn ti stmrt m Zriaksshibmc

Mssilhmthib. Mbn pkrfmps mahlhibmnis liucn mt ckmst ̀ k m chttck kbliurmgkn ̀ y tfk sciw `kghbbhbgs ia pcmy-air-pmy kvkbts mriubn tfk liubtry. ̂ fk mvmhcm`hchty ia Nktriht‘s fugk LiìFmcc air emoir tiurbmekbts mbn, aicciwhbg Grmfme \tkkbfivkb‘s ckmn, m Ehlfhgmb ̂ ^M ti rubtfke, wms m ̀ iib ti tfk \pirt„tfk skkehbgcy ubchehtkn bue`kr ia tm`cks mbn kvkbts mcciwhbg


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Nklhshibs hepckekbtkn, siektheks hbvicvhbg lfmbgks tfmtDhcpmtrhld fmn urgkn prhir ti fhs kcklthib, wkrk tfk prkillupmthibsia tfk wkkdkbn (ms emy `k skkb arie Pklirnhbg \klrktmry PuaairnFmrrhsib‘s Ehbutks).

(=) M bkw Hbtkrbmc Zrieithib Lieehttkk, fkmnkn ̀ y

Ehlfhgmb ^^M Zrkshnkbt Grmfme \tkkbfivkb, wms spklhahlmccylfmrgkn whtf mnehbhstkrhbg –m prigrme ia grmbthbg kxpkbskeibky Taubnkn mt $:) mrk

kchgh`ck ti pcmy hb Lciskn tiurbkysU.―(>) Ia liursk rucks wkrk mcwmys nhslusskn, siektheks mekbnkn. Kmrchkr ht wms nklhnkn

tfmt tfk –Kxpknhtk Puck‘ liucn ̀ k lmcckn –mby thek ht skkes bkknkn,― ̀ ut ̀ y tfk ̂ iurbmekbtPkakrkk bit tfk uephrk mt tfk tm`ck. ^fhs wms cmtkr mekbnkn„si tfmt, tfiugf tfk Puck wiucn

Zfiti ̀ y Emc Mbnkrsib

Ehccm @ilzmr


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(7) ̂ fk Kxfh`hthib Lieehttkk whcc ̀ k mccittkn eibky ti livkr –tfk trmvkc kxpkbsks ia [\^^M Hbstrulthibmc Lmrn ficnkrs Tbi akk air tfk LmrnU wfkb tfky pcmy prieithibmckxfh`hthibs air griups rkquksthbg smek.― ̂ fk Kxfh`hthib Lieehttkk wms ghvkb tfk i.d. timcciw griups ti emdk tfkhr iwb mrrmbgkekbts whtf rkgmrn ti –iur priaksshibmc Kxfh`hthib

Lmrn ficnkrs, air wfhlf tfk pcmykrs mrk pmhn ̀ y tfk fists, hb kxlfmbgk air m =:% lieehsshib

ib tfk pcmykrs‘ akks.―(6) [\^^M eke`krsfhps biw ̀ kghb whtf tfk lmckbnmr ykmr (Omb. =) si ms –tikbliurmgk rkbkwmcs.― Eke`krsfhp Lfmhr Arkn Nmbbkr‘s ̀ kst mrguekbt air tfhs lfmbgk hs tfmt–Pkbkwmcs whcc ̀ k hbtkbshahkn hb Ombumry mbn Ak`rumry wfkb cilmc irgmbhzmthibs fmvk tfk eistmlthvhthks mbn tiurbmekbts hb prigrkss mbn tfk eist pcmykrs mt tfk lcu`s.― Ht whcc skke eirk

wirtfwfhck air pkipck ti oihb. Arkn smys tfmt tfiugf pkipck ehgft `k tkeptkn ti oihb mriubn Bmthibmc‘s thek, tfk psylficigy hs wribg? tfk skmsib‘s liehbg ti mb kbn, mbn tfky emy rhgftcy

tfhbd tfky wib‘t skk m îphls ubthc bkxt amcc.Oubhir eke`krsfhps whcc ̀ k rmhskn –ti $=.::― (bi eirk tfmb tfk ykmrcy su`slrhpthib

list ia îphls) ̀ ut„si tfmt tfk dhns lmb grmsp eirk wfmt‘s gihbg ib hb tfk Mssilhmthib„whcchblcunk m rkgucmr îphls su`slrhpthib, fipkauccy whtf m spklhmc pmgk hb tfk emgmzhbk wrhttkb ̀ y,

ir mt ckmst air, Oubhir eke`krs. (^fmt spklhmc pmgk bkvkr fmppkbkn.) \kbhir (Mnuct) rkbkwmcswhcc ̀ k $0.:: mbbumccy. ̂ fk tfrkk-ykmr Eucthpck Eke`krsfhp whcc list $;. M Chak Eke`krsfhp hs

mvmhcm`ck air $0; mbn gumrmbtkks îphls –air mt ckmst =; ykmrs.― Bi eke`krsfhps whcc ̀ k sicnwhtfiut tfk emgmzhbk.

(8) Licir ia tfk ru``kr ib tfk rmldkt9 Fms ti `k nmrd kbiugf, ha quksthibkn, ti smthsayKquhpekbt Lfmhr Puaairn Fmrrhsib. –Xkcciw ru``kr hs nkahbhtkcy bit ti ̀ k mcciwkn.― Mcsi, –tfk

rmldkt‘s ru``kr eust `k tfk smek licir ib ìtf shnks ia m sfmdk-fmbns rmldkt.― ^fhs nhrklthvk,hb ykmrs ti liek, whcc prkskbt pri`ckes wfkb tfk ru``kr ib ibk shnk hs rmnhlmccy nhaakrkbt arie

tfk ru``kr ib tfk itfkr, mbn tfk pcmykr achps ir twhnncks.(=:) Pkgmrnhbg tfk nrkss ruck, –MBX NMPD \ICHN LICIP― hs ahbk. –Wk mrk emhbcy

matkr m bkmt mppkmrmblk.―

(==) Hb mcc niu`cks pcmy, –tfk irnkr ia rklkhvhbg E[\^ @K LFMBGKN mt tfk stmrt ia kmlf gmek, mbn mt =: pihbts hb tfk ahbmc gmek ia m skrhks.― î gkt m Bmthibmc Pmbdhbg, niu`cks pmhrs eust pcmy hb mt ckmst tfrkk Ipkb kvkbts.

(=0) ̂ fk [\^^M whcc libshnkr skbnhbg m ̂ kme ti tfk =81; Emllm`hmf Gmeks hb Hsrmkc(ha prhvmtk aubns lmb ̀ k i`tmhbkn). ̂ fk Mssilhmthib whcc nkahbhtkcy skbn m ̂ kme ti tfk =81<Wircn Lfmephibsfhps hb Lzklfiscivmdhm. –M ehbheue ia < ekb mbn 0 wiekb wms mpprivkn, ùt wk fipk wk lmb tmdk ; mbn pihbts.

(=


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(=>) Mcc Mekrhlmb tiurbmekbts tfmt mrk Ipkbs –E[\^ ficn Ekb‘s Bivhlk \hbgcks mbnWiekb‘s Bivhlk \hbgcks.― ̂ fk [\^^M nkahbhthib ia m BIQHLK hs? ibk wfi fms bkvkr wib mbIpkb Bivhlk \hbgcks kvkbt, bkvkr fms ̀ kkb rmbdkn hb ekb‘s ir wiekb‘s shbgcks, ir fms fkcn mbmthibmc thtck hb ekb‘s ir wiekb‘s nhvhshibs, bkvkr fms ̀ kkb m eke`kr ia m tkme ti tfk

Bmthibmc ̂ kme Lfmephibsfhps, bkvkr fms ̀ kkb m ahbmchst hb ekb‘s ir wiekb‘s shbgcks hb mb

‖ipkb‘ tiurbky, ir tfk whbbkr ia m ‖stmtk lciskn‘ lfmephibsfhp hb ekb‘s ir wiekb‘s shbgcks.―Mbn ti sfiw, ms whtf kvkrytfhbg kcsk, Dhcpmtrhld ekmbs ̀ ushbkss, tfk Ilt., =810 îphls (pmgks0:-0=), tfmbds ti rkskmrlf ̀ y Ckmf Bku`krgkr, chsts =17 pmst Bivhlk whbbkrs (mcpfm`kthzkn,nmthbg `mld ti =8>:) mbn tfk spklhahl tiurbmekbt mbn wfkb ht wms fkcn mt wfhlf tfky wib,siek fmvhbg slirkn m ahrst hb twi, ibk kvkb hb tfrkk, Bivhlk kvkbts.

(=;) Mcsi, mby smblthibkn tiurbmekbt EMX fmvk m Lcmss M nhvhshib –air ekb, air wiekb, ir ipkb ti ìtf.― î pcmy hb Lcmss M, –m pcmykr eust bit `k skknkn hb tfk rkgucmr

ekb‘s shbgcks (ir wiekb‘s shbgcks), mbn emy bit `k ‖pcmlkn‘ hb tfk ekb‘s shbgcks nuk ti fhsm`hchty, mbn lmb bit lurrkbtcy ficn m bmthibmc rmbdhbg hb ekb‘s shbgcks.― Fiwkvkr, –m pcmykr hbibk tiurbky ehgft ̀ k kchgh`ck air Lcmss ‖M,‘ ̀ ut hb m wkmdkr ibk bit ̀ k kchgh`ck nuk tiskknhbg.― Ibk lmb whb m Lcmss M –ms emby theks ms pissh`ck.―

Dhcpmtrhld, hb skkdhbg ti ̀ rhbg fmreiby ti mb Mssilhmthib fk wmbts ti skk aciurhsf, hsch`krmc ̀ ut bit ciisk. Fk hs mnehrm`cy lckmr fkrk mt tfk iutskt ia fhs Mnehbhstrmthib ms ti wfmt

tfk –rucks― mrk biw rkgmrnhbg bkw emttkrs, ir tfisk tfmt ehgft fkrktiairk fmvk `kkblibtrivkrshmc. Fk mbn fhs K.L. skke ti fmvk cmhn ht mcc iut si ms ti fmvk m prinulthvk skmsib,

mbn chdkcy matkr tfmt mbitfkr.\lfhaa, wfi fms m fhstiry ia ̀ khbg ehaakn ti mlthib ivkr tfhs ir

tfmt, wiucn fmvk chdkn ht tfmt fhs arhkbn Fiwhk Irbstkhb (mt \ic‘ssuggksthib9) wms bmekn Lmpt. ia tfk [.\. ^kme ti Lmbmnm4 mbn fk

wiucn fmvk ̀ kkb pckmskn tfmt wfkb tfk Pmbdhbg Lieehttkk liucnb‘tnklhnk wfktfkr fk ir Emrty Niss sfiucn `k tfk >tf emb ib tfk [.\.

k̂me ti tfk LBK Hbtkrbmthibmc Emtlfks, ht akcc ti fhs akcciw K.L.krs

shtthbg riubn fhe ti lfiisk, mbn tfky lfisk \ic.Fiwkvkr, \lfhaa emy bit fmvk chdkn skvkrmc tfhbgs tfmt

fmppkbkn mt tfk Ekkthbg. Ibk, tfmt wfkb Dhcpmtrhld –suggkstkn tfk

mppihbtekbt ia m spklhmc rkprkskbtmthvk ti tfk Wircn‘s Amhr (B.X.)Lttkk― (tfhs whcc hbvicvk m amhckn mttkept ti gkt tkmes fkrk air m =81>-1; Wircn‘s Amhr Wircn Lfmephibsfhp)* mbn ekbthibkn Oifbby\iemkc, \ic smhn tfmt –fk mbn Ehtlfkcc \hc`krt fmn fmn m libvkrsmthib

whtf m eke`kr ia tfmt lttkk., mbn suggkstkn \hc`krt‘s lieekbts ̀ k sichlhtkn.― @ut \iemkc wmstfkb mbn tfkrk lfiskb ti –mssuek tfk bkgithmthibs.―

^wi, wfkb tfk bmeks ia \iemkc mbn \lfhaa wkrk put airwmrn ms pissh`ck lmbnhnmtks air tfk pishthib ia Lmptmhb ia tfk =81< [.\. Wircn ̂ kme, Dhcpmtrhld smhn tfmt –fk wiucn tfhbd ia itfkrs

wfi ehgft ̀ k mvmhcm`ck, mbn suèht tfk bmeks ia skvkrmc air m vitk.― (Cmtkr, Dhcpmtrhld wms mgmhbst\lfhaa ms Lmptmhb, wmbtkn Zrkslitt, ̀ ut tfhs wms ibk thek fk nhnb‘t gkt fhs wmy.)

Mbn, tfrkk, wfkb Fmrrhsib pripiskn tfmt m [.\. Nkckgmtk `k skckltkn ti mttkbn tfk=81< H^Â Libgrkss, mbn \lfhaa suggkstkn Fmrrhsib, Dhcpmtrhld iòkltkn. Ht wms tfkb nklhnkn

tfmt Dhcpmtrhld wiucn –suèht ti tfk Lieehttkk whtfhb shx wkkds bmeks arie wfhlf ̀ itf tfknkckgmtk mbn tfk tkme lmptmhb sfmcc `k lfiskb4 tfmt tfk vithbg `k ipkb4 mbn tfmt ìtf pishthibs `k skckltkn ̀ y m emoirhty, tfkrk ̀ khbg m sklibn vithbg ha bklkssmry.― (Cmtkr, @i` Lfmhesib whcc `k bmekn Nkckgmtk.)

=81> [.\. Ipkb Zrigrme

\ic \lfhaa


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H eust mnn tfmt, tfiugf, ms wk smw hb Qic. HHH, \ic fmn fmn mb hbtkbsk rub-hb whtfEibmstkrhmc, mt tfhs Ekkthbg fk sklibnkn tfk sullkssauc mppihbtekbt (whtf ibk i`oklthib) ia Emrly ms Biehbmthbg Lfmhr. Mcsi, tfksk sueekr ia ‖10 Ehbutks ni bit hb mby wmy suggksttfmt \ic wms mb i`strulthibhst airlk ti Dhcpmtrhld‘s pcmbs. Ht whcc `k mppmrkbt ti rkmnkrs cmtkr

wfy H rmhsk tfk tfiugft tfmt mcc ehgft bit `k ms fmreibhius ms ht skkes.

\ueekr îurbmekbts

Zrhir ti tfk Kmstkrbkrs‘ bkw skmsib‘s dhld-iaa tiurbmekbt, tfk LBK hb ̂ iribti,sueekr mlthib wms sdktlfhcy rkpirtkn hb vmrhius pmrts ia tfk liubtry. M Zrivhnkblk, P.H. Lcu`tkme (Nhld Kvmbs, Hrv Ckvhbk, Fkrv Cuphkb, Kn Pmdy) fistkn m \prhbgahkcn, EM Lcu` tkme

(Cke Duusd, Cyb \ehtf, Pmcpf Bmycir, mbn Ciu ̂ kxhkrm) mbn nkakmtkn tfke hb riubn-ri`hbemtlfks ==-;. (^fk Zrivhnkblk –@― ̂ kme mcsi wib„=


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Hb tfk Wiekb‘s, Zmuchbk \iemkc kslmpkn airekr Hrhsf Lfmephib Oiy Iwkbs ia Qmbliuvkr,nkulk hb tfk 0 ykmrs icn, ivkr Grissemb (wfi‘n rkpirtkncy ̀ kkbsfmrpkbhbg fhs gmek hb Kbgcmbn). Matkr Emx‘sheprhsibekbt hb Lzklfiscivmdhm air fhs pri-nkeilrmly

vhkws, fhs rkckmsk mbn rmphn nkpmrturk air Mustrhm mbn tfkbLmbmnm, ni yiu tfhbd fk‘cc rhsd gihbg `mld ti pcmy mt tfk

upliehbg Zrmguk Wircn‘s9 Bit m lfmblk.Air m wfhck, ht wmsb‘t lckmr tfmt lmsf-strmppkn

Lmbmnm liucn skbn m ^kme ti Zrmguk, ùt tfk aknkrmcgivkrbekbt privhnkn –;:% trmvkc msshstmblk― air

L^^M pcmykrs mbn iaahlhmcs. Matkr tfhs LBK tiurbmekbt,tfk Mssilhmthib bmekn Nkbhsk Fubbhus mbn Qkctm

Mnehbhs air tfk Wiekb‘s k̂me, mbn Knny \lfuctz,Lcmunk Cmbnry, Fiwhk Grissemb, mbn Guy Gkremhb air tfk Ekb‘s ̂ kme. Mt tfk H^Â Libgrkss Ekkthbg hb

Zrmguk, L^^M Zrkshnkbt Oifb Fubbhus wiucn sullkkn airekr [\^^M Zrkshnkbt mbn Wircn ̂ kmeLmptmhb Kcekr Lhbbmtkr ms H^Â Qhlk-Zrkshnkbt air Birtf Mekrhlm„ht‘n ̀ k tfk ahrst thek mLmbmnhmb kvkr fkcn mby Kxkluthvk H^Â pist.

\hblk tfk [.\. Wircn ̂ kme fmn ti `kskckltkn ̀ y Nkl. -ykmr-icn –Zktk― Lfhcns hb ;,tfkb mgk, >


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Phlfmrn Fhlds‘s upskt whbs„=6 hb tfk ; tf ivkr Fmrry Fhrslfdiwhtz, mbn =8 hb tfk ; tf ivkr Nkakbnhbg Lfmephib Ahkcns (wfi‘n `kkb tmdkb ti ; `y airekr Hrhsf stmr Zktk Dkccy). Ciskrs,mt ckmst kmrcy riubn ciskrs, chdk auturk [.\. Wircn ̂ kme eke`kr Krric Pkskd, m rklkbt mrrhvmcarie tfk Niehbhlmb Pkpu`chl, wkrk rkqukstkn ti pckmsk uephrk m emtlf. –Nib‘t try mbn sbkmd

iut,― writk ̂ iurbmekbt Lfmhr Girn Arkkemb hb fhs Wkcliek. –Zhbdkrtib‘s Gumrns mrk mt mcc

tfk kxhts.― –H nhnb‘t skk mby gumrn,― siekibk smhn. Fhrslfdiwhtz/Emrty Niss tiid tfk Ekb‘sNiu`cks hb ; arie Dckhb/Lfuld @urbs wfi‘n schppkn ̀ y Bir`y Qmb nk Wmcck/Hrv Wmsskremb=8 hb tfk ;tf. @urbs wib tfk \kbhir‘s„ivkr Emrhbdi hb tfk skeh‘s, \lfhaa hb tfk ahbmc.

Hb tfk Oubhir‘s, Zklirm `kmt Lfhcns, tf. Ghrcs‘ wkbt ti Qhickttm Bksudmhths, auturk

Lmbmnhmb supkr-stmr.Wiekb‘s Niu`cks whbbkrs wkrk \iemkc mbn

Bku`krgkr (Ckmf fmn ̀ kkb upskt hb tfk \hbgcks `yubnkrrmtkn Lmbmnm #; Emrhbdi) ivkr Fubbhus mbn

Iwkbs, libqukrirs ia Dmehbsdy/ Pu`kbstkhb hb ;.@mr`mrm, fiwkvkr, nhn whb tfk Ehxkn whtf @udhkt arie

Nibbm Lfmhesib mbn Ckbby Liipkremb (Ckbby eustchdk Nibbm ̀ klmusk H lmb‘t ahbn m trmlk ia fhe hb mbyitfkr kvkbt). Hb tfk skeh‘s, @mr`mrm/@krbhk ̀ kmt tfktwisiek ia Zmuchbk \iemkc/Nkbbhs Fhldkrsib, mbn

Nibbm/Ckbby niwbkn Cibm/Krwhb hb ;.Hb tfk Wiekb‘s Ipkb, tfkrk wkrk siek cmtk-riubn

`ciiny ̀ mttcks. @mr m̀rm Dmehbsdy emnk tfk ahbmcs vhm m ;-gmekr ivkr Zmuchbk \iemkc, mbn si nhn Cibm Pu`kbstkhbwhtf m ahkrlk “=8, =8, -0: ykmrs

cmtkr.\KCKL^KN BI^K\.

*Hb m Ak`. =>, =81= ckttkr ti Zrkshnkbtsia [.\. Bmthibmc \pirts Irgmbhzmthibs,hblcunhbg [\^^M Zrkshnkbt Puaairn Fmrrhsib,Knwmrn Z. A. Kmgmb, Lfmhremb, Zkipck-ti-

=810 LBK Lfmephib Cibm Pu`kbstkhb


@i` tmdks

@mr`mrm‘s cishbg

fmrn. Fkrk, gibk

ti nrhbd fheskca,

fk tfhbd‘s fk‘s

sthcc ficnhbg m

gcmss9


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^^^ , Nkl. =810, 7

@i` & @mr`mrm Dmehbsdy ib tfkhr wknnhbg nmy (\ueekr, =810)

Zkipck \pirts Lieehttkk mbn\pirts Libsuctmbt air tfk BkwXird Wircn‘s Amhr =81>-1;Lirpirmthib, fmn msdkn ha ht

wkrk pissh`ck, wfmtkvkr tfk

spirt, ti rub m WircnLfmephibsfhp hb liboublthibwhtf tfk Amhr. Puaairn tfkbwritk ti H^Â \klrktmry PiyKvmbs oust `kairk tfk ‘1=

Zkdhbg Wircn‘s, smhn fk wmbtknti put hb m privhshibmc `hn air

tfk Wircn‘s hb Emy, =81;, ùtwiucn fmvk ti fmvk twimssurmblks„(=) tfmt tfk [.\.\tmtk nkpmrtekbt wiucn hbvhtk

kvkry liubtry hblcunhbg –PknLfhbm,― mbn (0) tfmt eibhks

wiucn liek arie siekwfkrk tiahbmblk tfk tiurbmekbt.

Kvmbs writk ̀ mld tfmttfiugf Mustrmchm fmn m ̀ hn hb air

‘1;, fk‘n mwmht [.\. nkvkcipekbts, wfhlf Puaairn akct wiucnb‘t ̀ k liblcushvk ubthc =81 ir ‘1; mt tfk Wircn‘s Amhr, mbn Puaairn nuthauccy skbt iut ckttkrs, –akkckrs,― ti vmrhius H^Â eke`kr-

liubtrhks, pkrfmps mcc 6: ia tfke, msdhbg ha tfky liucn skbn m tkme mbn, ha si, wfmt ahbmblhbg tfky‘nrkquhrk, mbn mcsi, ghvkb tfk ‘1; Xugiscmv Wircn‘s, wfkb ht wiucn ̀ kst suht tfke ti liek„mutuebia ‘1> skkekn ̀ kst. @ut ia liursk liubtry matkr liubtry rkquhrkn ahbmblhmc mhn tfmt wmsb‘t

airtfliehbg, mbn si bi sulf Hbtkrbmthibmc Ipkb wms fkcn. Ht‘s memzhbg ti ek biw, mbn pkrfmps tiPuaairn, fiw eulf thek mbn kbkrgy fk spkbt ib tfhs prioklt tfmt skkekn niiekn arie tfk `kghbbhbg.


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Lfmptkr ^wi

=810? Ekb‘s [\I^L‘s ([.\. Ipkb k̂me Lfmephibsfhps)„Zcmykrs ^fkhr Iwb Wirst

Kbkey. =810? Wiekb‘s [\I^L‘s. =810? Fhlds Zuccs [pskts î Whb Lkbtrmc Ipkb. =810?

Kmstkrb‘s. =810? [.\. Ekb‘s k̂me Zhldkn air Zrmguk. =810? Bku`krgkr Mgmhb Nkbhkn m Zcmlk

ib [.\. ^kme4 Dhcpmtrhld‘s Armghck Hnkmchse.

Ht‘s prmlthlmccy m ghvkb tfmt mby [.\. Wircn ̂ kme msphrmbt wfi fipks ti ̀ k skckltkn air \wmytfchbg ir Lir`hccib Lup pcmy fms ti liepktk mt tfk [. \. Ipkb ̂ kme Lfmephibsfhps. ̂ fkEkb‘s [\I^L‘s wms fkcn ̂ fmbdsghvhbg wkkdkbn, Biv. 0, mt Qhdhbg Fmcc, tfk –bkw mbn

kckgmbt― [psmcm Licckgk Gyebmshue hb Kmst Irmbgk, B.O. Aiur tkmes wkrk mutiemthlmccyrkprkskbtkn? cmst ykmr‘s whbbkr (tfmt‘s B.X.)4 cmst ykmr‘s rubbkr-up (tfmt‘s Nktriht)4 tfk fist

tkme (tfmt‘s Bkw Okrsky), mbn Lmbmnm. \hblk [\^^M ̂ iurbmekbt Lfmhr Mrt Gicn`cmtt fmnwrhttkb, –Mltumc niehlhck ia pcmykrs whcc givkrb kchgh`hchty,― tfhs ykmr‘s Nktriht chdkcy liucn bit `k Lmpt. Lfuld @urbs‘s –Nktriht― ia cmst ykmr„Fiusfmbg @izirgzmnkf, Emrty Niss, mbn Bir`y Qmb nk Wmcck, mcc pcmykrs ia liursk wfi chvkn biwfkrk bkmr Nktriht. Zri`cke hs? ha

pcmykrs wfi fmvk m lfmblk ti `k skckltkn air [.\. Wircn Lup pcmy mrk gkigrmpfhlmccy hsicmtkn,fmvkb‘t mb B^L tkme ti tryiut air, mllieeinmthibs bkkn `k emnk air tfke.

^fkrk wkrk îphls mrthlcks ib ibcy twi ia tfk kbtkrkn tkmes‘ kmrchkr ̂ ryiuts. BkwXird pcmy prinulkn tfk aicciwhbg ;-emb ̂ kme? (=) @udhkt, 1-:4 (0--04 (0--04 (>-;) Okrry Drusdhk, ) niwbkn Gushdiaa. ̂ fk

îphls wrhtkr (Knhtir \lfustkr9) smhn tfmt mgmhbst Dckhb–Niss‘ ̀ mldfmbn wms quhld ms m vhpkr‘s tibguk hbmemzhbg wfhpcmsf liubtkr-nrhvks.― Fk mcsi prmhskn

Zklirm, ùt nhnb‘t lhtk fhs rklirn ir wfi fk `kmt.Mbitfkr gktthbg prmhsk, ùt bit air fhs pcmy„mt

ckmst bit fkrk„wms Emc Mbnkrsib. Kmrchkr fk‘n pmssknfhs wrhttkb [ephrk Kxme (smepck quksthib? –M rkturbs

tfk ̀ mcc, wfhlf pmssks mìvk tfk chgfts, ̀ ut whtfiuttiulfhbg tfke, ̀ kairk ̀ iublhbg ib @‘s shnk ia tfk

tm`ck―4 ̀ mcc‘s hb pcmy9). Biw mt tfhs tiurbmekbt fk pmsskn fhs Irmc kxme (kxmehbkrs –wkrk pckmskn mt fhs

ahrebkss hb emdhbg nklhshibs―), mbn si ̀ klmek –tfk ahrst[\^^M qumchahkn [ephrk.―

^fk 7tf-skknkn fiek tkme, Bkw Okrsky, ahbhsfkn


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@i``y Ahkcns (0:-0, wfi pcmykn m cishbg tfiugf eulf mppcmunkn


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at. `kfhbn tfk

tm`ck kbn chbk!^fk Lcu` Emnkhrm wms kvkb eirk kxlhthbg. ̂ fk cibgkr wk stmykn, tfk nrubdkr,

ciunkr mbn eirk fisthck tfk Zirtuguksk git„kspklhmccy wfkb \ic emnk eibdkys ia tfke whtf fhs ahbgkr-sphb skrvks. Wk wkrk culdy ti gkt iut ia tfkrk whtfiut ̀ khbg gmbgrmpkn ib tfk piic tm`ck! @ut ht wms aub mbn \ic mcwmys gmvk ek siek ia fhs suppchksair pcmyhbg fhs strmhgft emb.―


=810 Kmstkrb Ipkb ^iurbmekbt Lfmhr,

Nhld Kvmbs

Hrv Ckvhbk...mt wird


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-= vitk, skckltkn air tfk ̂ kme, tfiugf tfky fmnb‘t pcmykn hb tfk [.\. tfhs ahrst-fmca

skmsib.

Nhld mbn Bir`y fmn `kkb nihbg [\I \fiws ivkrskms, tfk cmtkst ia wfhlf wms ibNkl. 0= hb Lmeìnhm, –hb tfk lriwnkn stmnhue ia tfk Lkrlck \pirtha Dfekr― mttkbnkn `y,meibg itfkr bitm`cks, Ct. Lic. Zid \me Mb, Nkputy Lieehsshibkr ia \pirt, mbn@rhgmnhkr Gkbkrmc \lfkrrkr, –tfk rkprkskbtmthvk ia fhs Kxlkcckbly, tfk [.\. Me`mssmnir hbZfbie Zkbf― wfi kboiykn tfk pkrairemblk mbn fipkn air m rkpkmt ibk. Gkbkrmc \lfkrrkr

skbt Nhld mb Kbgchsf trmbscmthib ia mb mrthlck `y Fibg Cmy tfmt mppkmrkn hb Arkblf hb tfkNkl. 01 knhthib ia Cm Nkpklfk nu Lmeìngk.

Cmy nkslrh`kn hb gkbkrmc tfk Nmvhs Lup styck thk„Mekrhlmbs vs. tfk Lmeìnhmb Bmthibmc k̂me„wfhlf tfk Mekrhlmbs wib >-= (Bir`y cist m emtlf). Eirk hbtkrksthbgwms Cmy‘s nkslrhpthib ia tfk kxfh`hthib Nhld mbn Bir`y put ib hb tfk ehnnck ia tfmt thk?

–Ehcks fht tfk `mcc whtf tfk kngk ia tfk rmldkt mbn tfkb whtf tfk kbn ia tfkfmbnck. @kshnks fhs liehlmc sfits fk fkcn tfk ̀ mcc hb tfk mhr ̀ y `ciwhbg ib ht whtf

fhs fkmn `mld. \iektheks fk skbt tfk `mcc ivkr tfk bkt pmsshbg tfk rmldkt ubnkr fhsckgs, ir ushbg fhs fkmn, ir aiit. ^fkb, wfhck tfk munhkblk rimrkn whtf cmugftkr Ehcks kxlfmbgkn fhs rmldkt air mbitfkr ehbhmturk rmlqukt mìut ; lkbthektkrswhnk, wfhck Wmcck pcmykn whtf m ghmbt rmlqukt tfmt wms ̀ hggkr tfmb tfk sugmr pmce

ckma amb uskn ̀ y tfk Lmeìnhmb pkmsmbts. \iektheks fk pcmykn whtfiut ciidhbg ir aicciwhbg tfk ̀ mcc, tmcdhbg ti tfk rkakrkk, lfmrehbg Ehss Nhmbm \kyeiur ia

\mrmsitm, Acirhnm Ttfk auturk Nhmbm Gushdiaa, @i``y‘s whakU. ̂ fhs tmckbtknnkeibstrmthib wms rkmccy hbtkrksthbg mbn tfk pu`chl wms wkmd arie cmugftkr mbnarie mppcmunhbg.―

Ekmbwfhck, m Grmbn Lmbyib rhat ̀ ktwkkb Dhcpmtrhld mbn \lfhaa wms hb tfk emdhbg,ms ehgft ̀ k skkb arie Dhcpmtrhld‘s Omb. 0>, =81< ckttkr ti Ehcks wfie fk lckmrcy akkcs

niksb‘t tfhbd tii fhgfcy ia \ic khtfkr?

–^fk [\^^M Kxkluthvk Lieehttkk kckltkn \ic \lfhaa Wircn k̂me Lmptmhb(nib‘t fkmn air tfk hlk pmld ubthc yiu ahbhsf tfhs ckttkr pckmsk) ivkr Fkremb

Zrkslitt Twfie Dhcpmtrhld fmn amvirknU. H akkc tfk dky vitks air giin icn \ic wkrkvitks ia pkrsibs wfi akct tfky iwkn fhe siektfhbg, wfhlf akkchbg fk fmn spkbt m

cit ia thek kbliurmghbg. Fiwkvkr, shblk tfkb fk fms akct si libahnkbt tfmt siek ia fhs pkrsibmc mlthibs Tsulf ms9U fmvk ̀ kkb emnk hb pu`chl, mbn fmvk mcciwkn mt ckmst

twi ia fhs airekr suppirtkrs ti liek ti skk wfmt fk hs rkmccy chdk. [bckss ibklrissks fhe tfhs hs bit mcwmys kmsy ti skk. Hb mby lmsk, H me biw prkpmrkn air mby

mlthibs fk ehgft tmdk ms tkme lmptmhb Tsulf ms9U ùt eust tmcd whtf yiu pkrsibmccyhb irnkr ti kxpcmhb eirk auccy. Fiwkvkr, kvkb tfiugf H fmvk tfk vitk suppirt H

bkkn biw, \lfhaa hs ib tfk \kcklthib Lieehttkk ms tfk ^kme Lmptmhb.―

Dhcpmtrhld, pkrfmps whtf siek rkskrvmthib, mbn Ehcks (wfie Biremb hs tryhbg ti `k lfueey whtf) ìtf akkc Nhld sfiucn fmvk `kkb meibg tfk tip tfrkk ib tfk ^kme?


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–H tkbn TshlU ti mgrkk whtf yiu mìut yiurskca, Dckhb mbn Ahkcns, mbn akkc ht hs lckmr tfmt yiu mbn Bir`krt kbnkn up wfkrk yiu nhn ms m rksuct ia m prkounhlkn ciw rmthbg ̀ y\lfhaa, wfhlf wms ibcy pmrthmccy iaaskt ̀ y tfk fhgf vitks ̀ y tfk itfkr lieehttkk eke`krsTtfiugf mt ckmst ibk wms wirrhkn tfmt shblk Nhld mbn Bir`y fmn ̀ kkb nihbg kxfh`hthibs tfky

ehgft bit ̀ k sfmrp air liepkththvk pcmyU. @kchkvk ek, ht wms mb mllhnkbt tfmt yiu mbn

Bir`krt kbnkn up hb tfk pcmlks yiu nhn. H dbiw mìut \lfhaa, ̀ y tfk wmy, ̀ klmusk @hccLriss, \kcklthib Lfmhremb, ticn ek fiw \lfhaa tiid µ mb fiur ti kxpcmhb fiw yiu wkrk bigiin, mbn sfiucn bit ̀ k libshnkrkn ̀ y tfk lieehttkk. Ha fk fmn gibk whtf \.\., fk wiucnbkvkr fmvk ticn ek mìut tfhs, H me surk….H surkcy mgrkk whtf yiur lieekbt Twfhlf wmswfmt9U mìut –Er. \ic \lfhaa.― Fk hs tfk ibcy rkmc bkgmthvk airlk ib tfk Kxkluthvk

Lieehttkk mbn hb tfk [\^^M mt tfk eiekbt.―

Hb m Omb. =>, =81< ckttkr ti Ehcks, wfi wms sthcc m`rimn, Dhcpmtrhld pihbts iut tfmtfmn fk mbn Nhld bit fmn mb irmc mgrkkekbt kmrchkr tfmt Nhld mbn Bir`y wiucn privhnktfkhr iwb trmbspirtmthib ti mbn arie Kuripk (amrks tfk [\^^M nhn bit akkc ht liucnmaairn), tfky wiucn bit fmvk `kkb skckltkn ms tfk #>tf mbn #;tf ekb ib tfk ^kme. Ha biw ht

turbkn iut tfmt Ehcks mbn Qmb nk Wmcck wiucn bit fmvk tfk Kuripkmb îur tfky‘n kmrchkr tfiugft tfky wiucn, ir fipkn tfky wiucn, fk mbn tfk [\^^M liucnb‘t fkcp tfmt, mbn ht

wms iut ia tfk quksthib tfmt ìtf Nhld mbn Bir`y‘s amrks ti mbn arie Kuripk liucn `k pmhn `y tfk [\^^M. Ms ht stmbns biw, fk smhn, –tfk [\^^M whcc pmy air tfk liepcktkkxpkbsks ia >, ir tfk liepcktk kxpkbsks air < mbn tfk Kuripkmb kxpkbsks air 0 eirkTNhld mbn Bir`yU.―

Ehcks smhn cmtkr, hb m Emr. 07tf ckttkr ti \lfhaa mbn Fmrrhsib, tfmt Nhld mbn Bir`y‘smgrkkekbt whtf Dhcpmtrhld fmn ̀ kkb emnk tfhs wmy?

–Bir`krt mgrkkn ti privhnk fhs trmbs-Mtcmbthl thldkt Tibcy ibk-wmy…air fk wmsbiw ti pkrembkbtcy ckmvk tfk [.\. air fhs bmthvk @kcghueU hb rkturb air mcc hbtkrbmc

trmvkc mbn fisphtmchty TKuripkmb kxpkbsks air =U. H mgrkkn ti privhnk ey iwbfisphtmchty hb Kuripk hb rkturb air mcc trmvkc amrks Thblcunhbg, prksuem`cy, hbtkrbmctrmvkcU…shblk H dbkw tfmt mt ckmst hb Zrmguk, ht wms tfk rkspibsh`hchty ia tfk Lzklf

mssilhmthib ubnkr H^Â rkgucmthibs ti privhnk ek whtf fisphtmchty ms m tkme eke`kr.TNiks tfmt trmbscmtk ti liepcktk kxpkbsks9U

Biw, Nhld smhn, Dhcpmtrhld –mttkeptkn ti rkbkgithmtk tfksk tkres― mbn…

–H acmtcy rkauskn. Fhs iaakr wms uboust, nklkhtauc, mbn eirmccy lucpm`ck. H mgrkkn

tfmt H wiucn bit `k m lfmrgk upib tfk [\M^^ ùt H nhn bit mgrkk tfmt ha siekibk ìugft ek m ekmc ir m ̀ kkr H wiucn skbn m lfkld ti tfk [\^^M. Hb emby lmsks, ms yiu

whcc skk, H whcc bit kvkb mllkpt tfk fisphtmchty iaakrkn ̀ y tfk cilmc mssilhmthibs4 mt itfkr theks pritilic mbn kxpknhkbly whcc rkquhrk tfmt H ni. @ut hb tfisk lmsks, bi emttkr fiw

amr yiu strktlf tfk hbtkrprktmthib, lmb tfhs `k mb mnnhthibmc kxpkbsk ti tfk [\^^M. Hblmsks wfkrk fisphtmchty hs privhnkn air ckss tfmb tfk bue`kr ia ekb ib tfk tkme, H whcc

`k tfk ibk ti pmy ey wmy ms mgrkkn….H wmbt ti tmdk tfhs ippirtubhty ia tfmbdhbg yiu ìtf air yiur ubnkrstmbnhbg

tkckpfibk libvkrsmthibs whtf ek 0 nmys mgi.―


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>:

rkstriie mbn m ciubgk mrkm. Qkry siib matkr tfklcu` ipkbkn, \me stmrtkn limlfhbg mbn skcchbgkquhpekbt. Fk nkvitkn eist ia fhs spmrk thek tiirgmbhzhbg mbn prieithbg tm`ck tkbbhs mlthvhthks―

(074 08).

^fk Ak`. 0-< Cibg @kmlf –Lciskn― wms wib `yOmld Fiwmrn, pmrt-thek fiek mnnrkss biw Mbmfkhe, ivkr C.M.‘s \fibhk Mdh. [ephrhbg tfhs kxlhthbg emtlf ia –chgftbhbg amst vicckys, nrhvks mbn liubtkrnrhvks― wms ̀ chbn

uephrk Lfuld Eknhld. ̂ fk stmbnhbg riie ibcy lriwnwmtlfhbg tfk ahbmcs lmek bit ibcy ti skk tfk pcmykrs ̀ ut

Eknhld, wfi wms fypkn hb fypkr`ick (–si dkkb hs fhsfkmrhbg mbn tiulf tfmt fk bkvkr ehssks m lmcc―). ̂ ripfhkswkrk prkskbtkn ti tfk whbbkrs ̀ y tkbbhs stmrs @hcchk OkmbEiaahtt (cmtkr Dhbg), Cibg @kmlf‘s –Eist Zipucmr Mtfcktk,―

mbn \uk @kcemr, –Bmthibmc Lcmy Liurt Lfmephib whtf Nmrckbk Fmrn― (^^^ , \kt., =81


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tfk ahbmc, whbbhbg hb >, vhm tfrkk =8gmeks, ivkr Mrhzibm \tmtk stunkbts\lfwmrtz/Oifb Fmrrhbgtib.Qmcckrh \ehtf wib fkr >tf libskluthvk

Mrhzibm Wiekb‘s thtck„tfhs thek ivkr

Mbgkchbkttm. Fkmtfkr, –mttmldhbglibstmbtcy, airlkn fkr ippibkbt timssuek mb ublieairtm`ck nkakbshvk styck, ùt tfkb amctkrkn―„pkrfmps `klmusk, msQmc‘s arhkbn \fibhk fms smhn, tfiugf Qmc‘s

bit pmrthlucmrcy grmlkauc, bit m phlturk- ìid pcmykr, sfk hs vkry nktkrehbkn. \fk

mbn \fibhk sullkssauccy nkakbnkn tfkhr Ehxkn thtck4 mbn sfk mbn M \hbgcks whbbkr Arikfchlf tiid tfk M Niu`cks arie\lfwmrtz mbn Fmrrhbgtib. Pu`kb Giekz

nrmatkn m \kbhir‘s whb4 Oifb Whcsib tiid tfk Oubhir‘s. @ \hbgcks wkbt ti [.\.

Ckgmc Mnvhsir mbn Zfikbhx Lcu`Zrkshnkbt Airrkst @mrr (;0 Lcu` eke`krs

pmrthlhpmtkn hb fhs =:-tkme Whbtkr Ckmguk).^fk rksucts ia tfk Hcchbihs Lciskn„mbitfkr tiurbmekbt skt air Ak`.„turbkn up hb tfk

Ak`., ‘1< îphls. Wfhlf surprhsks yiu9 @klmusk si up-ti-nmtk9 Mcms, tfkrk‘s m ̀ ht ia m thek-wmrp. ^fksk rksucts wkrk air tfk Emr., =810 Hcchbihs Lciskn. Ia liursk tfky wkrk prktty

prknhltm`ck? Ekb‘s? \tkvk Hsmmlsib hb ; ivkr Emrty Zrmgkr4 Ekb‘s Niu`cks? Hsmmlsib/Qmrkbyh4Wiekb‘s? Ehcchk \fmfhmb4 Ehxkn? \fmfhmb/@krt Ckk4 Oubhir Ehss? Zmt Fmvchld (ru``kr gmekghvkb ti fkr ̀ y Zrmgkr4 spibgk thps privhnkn ̀ y Nmbby Zklirm). ̂ fk rksucts ia tfk ‘1< Hcchbihs

Lciskn„ha fkcn„bkvkr nhn mppkmr.\urkcy siek tiurbmekbts eust fmvk ̀ kkb

rkpirtkn ti us arie Lmbmnm, air îphls wms tfkhr

lurrkbt emgmzhbk tii. If, giin. ^fk Mpr., =81<

îphls, mbn, oust hb lmsk wk ehsskn ht, tfk \kpt.,=81< hssuk tii, ghvks us tfk rksucts ia m Emr. 0--thek Mrhzibm Lfmephib


Fkcgm @uctkekhkr mbn Nkmb Oifbsib


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Ekbthib wms mcsi emnk ia m Bkw Kbgcmbn tkme `kmthbg m ]uk`kl tkme 1-; (matkr `khbg niwb ;-0). Bitfhbg eirk„`ut tfk [.\. pcmykrs, ms H lmb skk arie itfkr rksucts, eustfmvk ̀ kkb Nwkccy, Emstkremb, Mfth Dmkbn, mbn pri`m`cy Mc`mby, B.X.‘s Emrcmbn Lutckr. ̂ fhsHbtkrbmthibmc Emtlf wirdkn iut si wkcc tfmt tfk K.L. suggkstkn ti ^iurbmekbt Lfmhr

Gicn`cmtt tfmt emy`k itfkrs liucn ̀ k fkcn„sulf ms Ehlfhgmb vs. Ibtmrhi, Ehbbksitm vs.

Embhti`m, mbn Wmsfhbgtib vs. @rhthsf Licue`hm.^fk 0-stmr Libbklthlut Ipkb wms fkcn mt @rhngkpirt, m wkkd tii cmtk air Bku`krgkr wfi mgmhb cist ti Lfitrms hb tfk \hbgcks (0>-00 hb tfk >tf). Niss `kmt Oubhir whbbkr Zklirm hbtfk skeh‘s, tfkb Drusdhk hb tfk ahbmc. Wiekb‘s Niu`cks wkbt ti Ckmf/Emrhmbbk @kssshbgkr ivkr Lfitrms/\iemkc. Ekb‘s Niu`cks ti \lfhaa mbn \kbhir Lfmep Ehtlf \hc`krt. Cibg Hscmbn‘s

Arkn \mniwsdh, rkpirtkncy m airekr @iys Lfmephib ia @krchb, tiid tfk Bivhlk. Pkn Ahbcmysibwms ̀ kst hb Ehngkts. Ekb‘s Libsicmthib wms wib ̀ y Kehc Cmrkmu ivkr Oik Whcchmes4 Wiekb‘s

Libsicmthib ̀ y Qhom Chvhbs ivkr Mbb Kvmbs. Cilmc Wkstlfkstkr Lcu` pcmykrs wfi H ekbthib air tfk ahrst thek mrk? Wfhtk Zcmhbs‘s Mcmb Eirmb, airekrcy ia @kcamst, Birtfkrb Hrkcmbn, wfi wibtfk Bivhlk Libsicmthib‘s4 Xibdkrs‘ Qhl Cmbnmu wfi mnvmblkn ti tfk


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><

emy`k mlliubtkn air Okaa mbn Emrd‘s ciss ti cilmcHbnhmb mrrhvmc, biw Bkwmrd, NK #= Mtuc \fmf9 Mtucfmn m giin lfmblk hb tfk Lcmss M ̀ ut cist ti whbbkr Oifbsib wfi stippkn Zmuc Eiirmt hb tfk ahbmc. Ahrst

hb Wiekb‘s wms @krbhtm Kmrck„ivkr Chcchmb Guykr

mbn @mr`mrm @ifbhbg. Kmrchkr, mt tfk Gkirgk AkrrhsEkeirhmc, @hcc Lriss fmn ̀ kmtkb @kbby Fucc air tfk\kbhir‘s thtck4 fkrk fk niwbkn \lfhaa hb ;. @kst MrnkbLcu` upskts ti auss ivkr9 Ohe Ehcckr ivkr ArmbNkcmbky, mbn @i` Fugfks, m`kttkn ̀ y fhs –cibg

nhstmblk rktrhkvhbg,― ivkr Lriss.

Ciipkrs Omli`sib mbn @mnnkcky îur [.\.

^fisk Kbgchsf ciipkrs [.\. pcmykrs mrktmcdhbg m`iut, wfi mrk tfky mbywmy, mbn wfmt fmvktfky nibk9 Mllirnhbg ti tfk ‘1< [.\. Ipkb‘s

\uppckekbtmc Zrigrme,


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>>

Wk‘cc aicciw biw Dhcpmtrhld‘s Mprhc mbn Emy, =81< îphls‘ wrhtk-ups ia tfksk Lcuèmtlfks, ms wkcc ms tfk N.L. Okaakrsib Ekeirhmc Ipkb mbn tfk @mctheirk Emrycmbn Ipkb, tfmtwhcc ckmn ti Omli`sib mbn @mnnkcky‘s mppkmrmblk mt tfk Nktriht Bmthibmc‘s. ̂ fk ciipkrs wib‘t pcmy hb Lmbmnm, tfiugf, wfhlf hrrhtmtkn Dhcpmtrhld ̀ klmusk tfk Lmbmnhmbs fmn kmrchkr sfiwb

suppirt air fisthbg tfke.

Matkr tfkhr mrrhvmc hb Bkw Xird Lhty ib Emr. ;tf, Omli`sib mbn @mnnkcky pcmykn m Emr. 1

tf

emtlf hb Zfhcmnkcpfhm (`mn sfiw„bi ibk tfkrk ti ekkt tfke) mgmhbst @i``y Ahkcns mbn EhdkPmcstib„hb wfhlf –Omli`sib ‖ciipkn‘ Pmcstib iaa tfk tm`ck 0=-6, 0=-=0, mbn @mnnkcky nhn tfksmek ti Ahkcns 0=-==, 0=-6.― @ut, mctfiugf tfk ciipkrs wib tfk Niu`cks whtf kmsk, ìtf [.\. pcmykrs hb tfkhr 0bn shbgcks emtlf wkrk ckmrbhbg…siektfhbg. Ehdk cist twi strmhgft ti @mnnkcky, ̀ ut

tfk =st gmek wkbt nkulk. Mbn @i``y, rkmchzhbg –fhs lfip wms uskckss mgmhbst tfhs typk ia nrhvk,…nhspcmykn siek hbsphrkn mcc-iut mttmldhbg ti stip Omli`sib 0=-=7, 0=-=0― (^^̂ , Mprhc, =81. Ahkcns mniptkn m –ciwlfip-pusf ti Omli`sib‘s `mldfmbn, mbn, ms tfkrk wmsb‘t mby mttmldhbg tipsphb tfkrk, fk wib

kmshcy. Mf, ̀ ut @mnnkcky fmn m `mldfmbn ciip (ms wkcc ms m airkfmbn shnksphb ibk), mbn @i``ywkbt niwb hb ;. Mgmhb, tfk airkfmbn/`mldfmbn ciipkrs wkrk stribg hb Niu`cks.

Hb @mctheirk, bkhtfkr Dckhb bir Ahkcns liucn stip @mnnkcky arie ciiphbg„fkmbbhfhcmtkn kmlf ia tfke. Fiwkvkr, ̀ itf ̀ kmt Omli`sib„tfiugf Dckhb oust ̀ mrkcy, nkulk hb tfk

;tf. ̂ fhs thek tfk Mekrhlmbs mceist wib tfk Niu`cks„wkrk ̀ kmtkb 0


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>;

Mt Lfme`krs`urg, ZM, emtlfks wkrk 0 iut ia


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>1

=81< [.\. Ipkb

^fk =81< [.\. Ipkb wms fkcn Emr. 0=-0< mt Nktriht‘s Liì Fmcc. ^fhrty-aiur Nktrihtkr M‘s, skcchbg matkr tfk emtlfks air $;: mphklk, wkrk uskn, tfiugf bi cibgkr emnk ia pcywiin ùt m eirk ubhaire pmrthlck-ìmrn tfmt fmn ti `k pmhbtkn bit stmhbkn. ̂ fk si-lmcckn

\iuvkbhr Zrigrme, hb mb ubprklknkbtkn mgrkkekbt ̀ y tfk K.L. whtf Ehlfhgmb ̂ ^M Zrkshnkbt

\tkkbfivkb, fmn hts pmgks hbskrtkn fkrk mbn tfkrk, mwdwmrncy, hbti tfk Emrlf îphls. Ibkliucn rkmn tfmt tfk Ipkb‘s Kxkluthvk \klrktmry, Fkr` \lfhbnckr, Or., –ibk ia tfk bmthib‘s grkmttm`ck tkbbhs lfmephibs,― wms Lfmhremb ia tfk @imrn ia mb irgmbhzmthib lmcckn XiutfMbibyeius„m griup tfmt wirdkn ti rkfm`hchtmtk yiubg pkipck wfi‘n `kkb hb triu`ck.\lfhbnckr mbn tfk Ehlfhgmb Mssilhmthib wkrk nihbg tfkhr pmrt ti fkcp tfksk yiutfs ̀ y mccitthbg

tfk irgmbhzmthib ;:% ia tfk \mturnmy thldkt smcks.^fk Zrigrme mcsi pmhn fiemgk ti =; ir si E^^M wirdkrs msshsthbg mt tfk Ipkb

(–Mrbk Mbnkrsib, Zrkshnkbt ia tfk Chvibhm ̂ m`ck ̂ kbbhs Lcu`…whcc skkd tfk mlthvk msshstmblkia fhs eke`krs ti nhslfmrgk fhs rkspibsh`hchty ms \klthib \upkrvhsir―), wfhlf surkcy wms ia chttck hbtkrkst ti eist rkmnkrs. @ut ia liursk, shblk tfky‘rk mcc vicubtkkr wirdkrs, sfiucnb‘ttfky ̀ k ghvkb m chttck rkligbhthib fkrk9

Wfkb hb Nkl., =810 Lmbmnhmb ̂ ^M Zrkshnkbt Oifb Fubbhus fmn ticn tfk [\^^M K.L.fk fipkn tfk upliehbg [.\. Ipkb wiucn `k fmbnckn m cit `kttkr tfmb tfk ahrst ibk hb Nktriht hb

=81=, tfk K.L. skbt m ckttkr ti tfk irgmbhzkrs ti wmtlf iut air tfk aicciwhbg pissh`cksfirtliehbgs?

–T=U Mllkpthbg cmtk kbtrhks…kvkb ib tfk nmy ia tfk kvkbt

T0U \tmrthbg cmtk

TU Lfmbghbg nrmws matkr pu`chlmthib mbn air hbsuaahlhkbt rkmsib

T;U Fmvhbg hbsuaahlhkbt pkipck ib tfk rkghstrmthib nksd, si tfmt cibg chbks

airekn, whtf kbsuhbg nkcmys.―

Fipkauccy ̂ iurbmekbt Embmgkr \tkkbfivkb mbn Li. whcc dkkp tfksk hb ehbn. @mskn ibtfk rmbdhbgs mbn skknhbgs privhnkn ̀ y tfk [\^^M (tfiugf ia liursk si emby tiurbmekbt

rksucts wkrk bit ̀ khbg turbkn hb ib thek, ir bit turbkn hb mt mcc„Qmcckrhk \ehtf smhn sfkirhghbmccy wmsb‘t skknkn hb tfk Wiekb‘s), tfk E^^M emnk mbn pu`chsfkn tfk Ekb‘s Nrmw `kairk tfk K.L. liucn kxmehbk ht, mbn ib Arhnmy kvkbhbg wfkb tfk Ekb‘s emtlfks wkrk tistmrt, –siek ia tfk ckmnhbg pcmykrs liepcmhbkn ti iaahlhmcs mìut tfk ‖skknhbg.‘― ̂ fhs prieptkn

mb mbbiublkekbt ivkr tfk ciunspkmdkr tfmt…

–tfk wfick ia tfk ekb‘s shbgcks ‖skknhbgs‘ wiucn ̀ k rkvhskn Tif, if, skk >

mìvkU, mbn lfmis rkhgbkn ms pcmykrs mrgukn mbn sfiutkn whtf iaahlhmcs, TubthcU eist ia tfk tip pcmykrs tfrkmtkbkn ti nkamuct ‖ms m wfick‘ ha tfk irhghbmc nrmw wms bit mnfkrknti.

M [.\. Mssilhmthib kxkluthvk lieehttkk ekkthbg wms heeknhmtkcy libvkbkn hbm skpmrmtk riie, mbn, matkr eulf mrguekbt mbn nhslusshib, mbbiublkn tfkhr nklhshib timcciw tfk irhghbmc nrmw Ttfiugf tfkrk wkrk hrrkgucmrhthks hb htU…ti stmbn. ̂ fk thek wmsbiw ehnbhgft, si pcmy wms suspkbnkn ubthc 6 m.e. \mturnmy― Tskk 0 mìvkU (^^^ , Emy,=81


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>7

^fhs kvkbtumccy ̀ riugft ib liepcmhbts tfmt siek pkipck nuthauccy mrrhvkn mt 6 m.e.\mturnmy eirbhbg mbn fmn ti wmht mriubn mceist mcc nmy `kairk pcmyhbg m emtlf, tfkb fmnti pcmy libskluthvk emtlfks. Bit iur amuct smhn tfk E^^M„`cmek ht ib tfk Arhnmy bhgftnk`mlck. Cmtkr, Aumrbmni Pi`krts, Wmccy Gubncmlf, mbn Omld Fiwmrn mcc smhn pu`chlcy tfmt

mcc [.\. Ipkb kvkbts iugft ti `k thek-slfknuckn, mbn tfmt slfknuck rhghncy mnfkrkn ti„

wfhlf wms, hb amlt, wfmt ̂ h`ir @mld wms tryhbg ti ni (sullkssauccy9) whtf fhs hbnhvhnumcthek lmrns mt tfk =810 BXL [.\. Ipkb. (Mb Ipkb, bit hblhnkbtmccy, tfmt rkpirtkncy cisteibky, mbn air wfhlf tfk [\^^M sthcc fmn bit rklkhvkn tfkhr smblthib akk. Ha tfk eibky‘sbit pmhn, smhn tfk K.L., mby BX^^M eke`kr nurhbg tfmt ‘1=-10 skmsib whcc bit `klibshnkrkn air mby [.\. Hbtkrbmthibmc ̂ kme„m tfrkmt tfmt strhdks ek ms ̀ khbg

ubkbairlkm`ck, mbn tfmt kvkbtumccy whcc ̀ k nrippkn.)Mllirnhbg ti tfk Ehbutks ia tfk \ubnmy [\^^M –Ipkb― Ekkthbg, \tkkbfivkb

mbswkrkn tfmt ht wms –nhaahluct ti emhbtmhb mb kxmlt slfknuck4 cmld ia rkakrkks Tshl? air uephrksU, nkshrk ia pmrthlhpmbts ti pcmy TZCKM\K lmb H pcmy biw9 H‘vk ̀ kkb wmhthbg m cibgthekU, bit fkcp iut, prmlthlhbg hb pcmyhbg mrkms, cmld ia pcmykr li-ipkrmthib hb rkpirthbg air emtlfks wfkb slfknuckn.―

^fk


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>6

Ahkcns tfmt @i``y tiid ti fhtthbg sfits `kfhbn fhs `mld, tiwfhlf Emrty‘s ibcy rkpcy wms, –FK \FI[CN @K M@CKÎ NI H^„H LIMLFKN FHE KBI[GF!―* ^fk `hgupskt hb tfhs riubn wms Okrry Drusdhk‘s 0=, -0=, 0:, =1 whb

ivkr Ehcks, tfk cmst tfrkk gmeks pcmykn ubnkr tfk Kxpknhtk

Puck. Hb =8>;, \tkkbfivkb prkskbtkn tfk [.\. Ipkb Ekb‘stripfy ti Ehcks whtf tfk mneibhsfekbt, –H fipk yiu

`kfmvk chdk m Lfmephib.― Biw, =6 ykmrs cmtkr, mgmhb hb\tkkbfivkb‘s Nktriht, Ehcks hs mwmrnkn tfk \pirtsembsfhp^ripfy.

Hbnhmbm‘s ̂ ie Mcnrhngk fmn liek whnk-kykn ti fhs ahrst[.\. Ipkb mbn rklmccs fhs hbhthmc heprksshib ia =8;8 [.\.

Lfmephib @i``y Gushdiaa„–m sdhbby emss ia acmhchbgmppkbnmgks tfmt embmgkn ti sueeib tfkhr skpmrmtk rkackxkshbti liirnhbmtkn eithibs tfmt nkvkcipkn supkr-semsfhbgairkfmbns mbn ̀ mldfmbns.― Hb tfk qumrtkr‘s, @i``y, wmcciphbg

tfk `mcc ms fk fmn tfk riubn `kairk mgmhbst Zklirm, stmvkn iaa Drusdhk‘s cmst-gmsp 0=-mcc try, mbn ̀ itf Dckhb (ivkr Niss) mbn

@udhkt (ivkr Ahkcns) mcsi wib hb , –chtkrmccy wirk iut tfk Kbgchsf ‖ciipkr‘ `y rkturbhbg Tfhs skt-upU dhcc sfits.―

^fhs ̀ rhbgs us ti tfk skeh‘s, mbn, arie Mcnrhngk‘s mrthlck –@udhkt„M Pkeke`rmblk,―îe‘s vhvhn nkslrhpthib ia >>-ykmr-icn @krbhk?

–…m swmrtfy, stiut, ehnnck-mgkn pcmykr whtf tfhld ̀ cmld fmhr (wfisk sfmvkn `kmrn wiucn mcwmys rkvkmc m ahvk i‘lcild sfmniw)….H liucn `kst nkslrh`k fhs

liubtkbmblk ms lrukccy ̀ ut lfmrhsemthlmccy fmbnsiek. Fk fkcn fhs phps-hb spibgkrmlqukt si tfmt ht wms lrmnckn ̀ ktwkkb fhs kxtkbnkn tfue` mbn hbnkx ahbgkr„whtf fhsehnnck ahbgkr mcsi pmrthmccy lurchbg mriubn tfk pmnnck kngk mbn fhs twi rkemhbhbg

ahbgkrs ciiskcy sklurhbg tfk fmbnck (mb mwdwmrn wmy ti ficn m rmldkt„ha yiu‘vk kvkr trhkn ht). ^fk pmnnck nhnb‘t skke mb kxtkbshib ia fhs fmbn si eulf ms ht mppkmrkn ti griw iut ia ht.―

îe tfiugft @krbhk‘s airkfmbn –tfk seiitfkst, eist piwkrauc airkfmbn nrhvk H fmnkvkr skkb,― mbn tfmt itfkr pmrt ia fhs gmek„–liubtkrom``hbg mbn ̀ cildhbg whtf fhs ̀ mldfmbn

ib ̀ itf fhs ̀ mldfmbn mbn airkfmbn shnks―„wmsb‘t ̀ mn khtfkr. Fhs –memzhbg rkackxks― mcciwknfhe –ti rkmn, libtric, mbn hepmrt sphb whtf mb hblrknh`ck klibiey ia mppmrkbt ̀ iny mbn ckg

eithib.― Fk mcsi fmn, ha bkkn `k, m `mldfmbn lfip. @ut ht wms fhs –akmrsiek airkfmbn― tfmtipkrmtkn –chdk m emlfhbk wfhlf skkekn ti fmvk m chak ia hts iwb„iblk liepcktkcy

‖cu`rhlmtkn‘4 tfk ̀ iny aicciwkn tfk emlfhbk oust kbiugf ti stmy whtf ht.―Hb fhs skeh‘s mgmhbst Dckhb, wfi wms pcmyhbg whtf, ms ̂ ie smys, mb –mcc-`cuk, squmrk-

sfmpkn― spibgk rmldkt, @udhkt twhlk kslmpkn„iblk matkr `khbg niwb =-: mbn mt nkulk hb tfk0bn, tfkb ̀ y whbbhbg tfk >tf mbn ahbmc gmek mt nkulk. Ekmbwfhck, hb tfk itfkr skeh‘s, Gushdiaa libthbukn semldhbg tfk ̀ mcc tfriugf Qmb nk Wmcck, –sbmtlfhbg up tfk schgftkst lfmblk tinkchvkr vhlhius airkfmbn dhccs.―


îe Mcnrhngk


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>8

Hb tfk ahbmc, @i``y, msha lkck`rmthbg fhs 07tf ̀ hrtfnmym wkkd mfkmn ia thek, wms ms–up― ms fk liucn `k,

–wfhpphbg hb airkfmbns mt

hblrknh`ck spkkn―„air tfkahrst twi gmeks mbywmy. @uttfkb, ms @krbhk sfmdhbg fhsfkmn, lmb‘t ̀ kchkvk fiw fhgfib fhs gmek @i``y hs (–Mt tfk

lcu` H ghvk fhe ; air eibky―),Gushdiaa rksts, acimts niwb

ms ht wkrk, cisks tfk , fk–nkspmhrhbgcy acubg fhs pmnnckib tfk tm`ck mbn liblknkn tfk

emtlf.―Lmb tfk Kbgchsf ciipkrs

whb tfk Ekb‘s Niu`cks9 Ifhimbs

Cmrry Aicd/Nib Cyibs, cishbgtwi nkulk gmeks, tiid tfke ti>, `ut hb tfk qumrtkr‘s@izirgzmnkf/Ahkcns, wfi‘n

dbildkn iut \lfhaa/@urbs hb ;,wkrk bi triu`ck mt mcc„

Fiusfmbg‘s –`cild sfit iatkbwms skkb gihbg strmhgft up hbti

tfk chgfts, wfhck tfk Ahkcns lfipwms ehsshbg tfk tm`ck kbthrkcy.―

@udhkt/Dckhb =8, =8, -=8, ==stippkn tfke tfiugf. Pkhsemb/

Gushdiaa, tfiugft emy`k mwhbbkr, akcc hb tfk 6tf‘s ti@cieekr/Zklirm, ̀ kmtkb hb turb `y tfk kstm`chsfkn Lmbmnhmb pmhr


@i``y Gushdiaa


=81< [.\. Ipkb Ekb‘s Lfmephib @krbhk @udhkt


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;=

tfk skeh‘s (chttck libsicmthib air Ehcchk, ̀ ut tfhs ykmr skehahbmchsts hb mby kvkbt tfmt nrkw eirktfmb tf4 mbn hb

tfk 0

bn

riubn Xvibbk Dribcmgk mnvmblkn hb ; ivkr airekr lcu`emtk Ouchm Putkchibhs.Xvibbk‘s m`iut ti fmvk m fiek mwmy arie fiek, air sfk, fus`mbn Lmrc, mbn @iwhk mbnEkc`m Emrthb fmvk put up m bkw Lcu` hb tfk 0::-stirk Zrhblk Gkirgks Zcmzm \fipphbgLkbtkr hb Fymttsvhcck, EN.

Hb Wiekb‘s Niu`cks, Dribcmgk/Putkchibhs rkmlfkn tfk skeh‘s whtf m ;-gmek whb

ivkr Zfycchs \tkrb/Libbhk \tmlk mbn mb upskt 0=, =8, =8 vhltiry ivkr \fmfhmb/Pu`kbstkhb.^fk Lfhlmgi tkme ia Fmvchld/Lkrkdms nkakmtkn Emry Ombk \lfmtdk/Emrhmbbk @ksshbgkr,

=8 hb tfk >tf, mbn \iemkc/Nibbm Lfmhesib dbildkn iut tfk Lmbmnhmbs Emrhbdi/Mnehbhs `kairk cishbg ti Lfitrms/Bku`krgkr. Dmehbsdy/\ehtf wkrk tfk whbbkrs tfiugf, `ksthbgtfk Bkw Xirdkrs =6, 00, 00 hb tfk ahbmc. Dmehbsdy, pmhrkn whtf fmt-trhld mrthst @udhkt, mcsiwib tfk Ehxkn ivkr ubkxpkltkn ahbmchsts Dribcmgk/Nkrkd @mnnkcky. ̂ fk whbbkrs wkrk

kxtkbnkn, =8 hb tfk ;tf

, hb tfk skeh‘s ̀ y Niss/\iemkc4 tfk rubbkr-ups struggckn timnvmblk, ahrst, =6 hb tfk ;tf mgmhbst \lfhaa/Bku`krgkr, tfkb mgmhbst Mdh/\ehtf wfi‘n

kchehbmtkn Drusdhk/Lfitrms hb ;. Bkw Oubhir Lfmep wms Mckx \mclhni wfi `mld hb tfk qumrtkr‘s fmn 0:, =0, -0:, -=>,

0= squkmdkn ̀ y m tkbmlhius Fkremb Oifbsib wfi‘n kchehbmtkn –Zktk― Lfhcns tfrkk strmhgft.^fkb, hb ̀ itf tfk skeh‘s (mgmhbst Pmiua Dmekc wfi‘n gittkb ̀ y Cibg Hscmbn‘s Arkn \mniwsdh

=8 hb tfk ;tf) mbn tfk ahbmc (mgmhbst Piymc Imd, EH‘s =;-ykmr-icn Nibnkri Fhgf stunkbtFiwhk Wk`kr wfi‘n kchehbmtkn Pib Fi`sib nkulk hb tfk >tf), Mckx fmn ti rmccy arie 0-=

niwb. Hb tfk qumrtkr‘s, Nmbby Zklirm, `kfhbn 0-=, lmek `mld ti dbild iut Niug @urbs, tfkb,tfriugf siek ehsubnkrstmbnhbg, tfiugft fk liucn gi ti cublf wfkb fk sfiucn fmvk `kkbmriubn ti pcmy Wk`kr mbn wms nkamuctkn. Wfhlf mcciws ek ti skguk hbti tfk Oubhir Niu`cks,

wfkrk Zklirm, hb rktmchmthib air ̀ khbg nkamuctkn hb \hbgcks, airakhtkn fhs ahbmc whtf Dkb Ickr tiLfhcns/Fi`sib„m bi-bi tfmt whcc rksuct hb fhs suspkbshib.

Nibbm Lfmhesib nkakmtkn Zmt Fmvchld hb tfk skeh‘s mbn Nkakbnhbg Lfmephib Libbhk

\tmlk hb tfk ahbmc ti mnn tfhs ykmr‘s Oubhir Ehss ti cmst ykmr‘s Ghrcs‘ thtck. Nibbm mbn Libbhktiid tfk Oubhir Ehss Niu`cks arie Zmt Fmvchld/Mbb Ckk. Mbn Nibbm mbn Okaa \wkrsdynkakmtkn \tmlk mbn Lfhcns hb ; ti whb tfk Oubhir Ehxkn. \iek aub, fuf Nibbm9

@iys‘ wkbt ti Lfhcns„hb tfk skeh‘s ivkr \mclhni wfi‘n ̀ kkb niwb 0-= ti Ehdk

Nirsky, mbn hb tfk ahbmc ivkr tfmt smek Fkremb Oifbsib wfi‘n `kmtkb –Zktk― si nklhshvkcy hbtfk Oubhir‘s. Lfhcns wms mcsi tfk whbbkr, whtf Emrd Pmnie, hb @iys‘ Niu`cks„ivkr Niug

@urbs/Nmbby Pi``hbs wfi‘n ̀ kkb ̀ kfhbn 0-: ti Nirsky/Oifbsib. @kst hb Ehngkt @iys‘ wmsLfmrckstib, W.Qm.‘s \tkvk Zmrsibs4 rubbkr-up, Grmbn Pmphns‘ Ehdk Zktkrckhb. Ehngkt @iys‘

Niu`cks whbbkrs? Zmrsibs/Arkn Fkbry ivkr Zktkrckhb mbn fhs ̀ ritfkr Nmbby X`kem.@krt Ckk‘s nmugftkr Mbb tiid tfk Ghrcs‘ arie Ehlfhgmb‘s Mbnrkm Gkr`kr. ̂ fk Ehngkt

Ghrcs‘ riubn ri`hb wms wib `y @ibbhk Gutemb4 0bn, Qhickttm Bksudmhths, nksthbkn air Lmbmnhmbmbn [.\. Ipkb stmrnie.

Gkirgk Lfitrms, @krbhlk‘s fus`mbn, tiid tfk Ekb‘s Libsicmthib hb ; arie Nr. @hccEkszmris, mbn tfkrk`y, ms Bmthibmc Libsicmthib Lfmephib, mssurkn fheskca ia mt ckmst tfk cmst Bmthibmc Pmbdhbg spit. (\iekibk ticn ek tfmt whtf tfk nk rhgukur eibky emtlfks Gushdiaa pcmykn mt fhs Phvkrshnk Zcmzm Lcu`, Gkirgk mt ibk pihbt quht wird si fk liucn stmy up bhgfts


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mbn libthbumccy ̀ kt mgmhbst @i``y„emdk fhs wkkd‘s wmgks tfmtwmy.) Eibm @ukcc, wfi wib fkr =st [.\. Ipkb Wiekb‘sLibsicmthib hb =8>6, tmcchkn fkr >tf ivkrmcc„tfhs thek sfk ̀ kmt ZmtFmvchld hb > air tfk thtck.

Oubhir Ehss Fmvchld wiucnb‘t `k gihbg ti tfk ‘1< Zrmguk

Wircn‘s ms wiucn fkr Oubhir Ekb‘s liubtkrpmrt Nmbby Zklirm.@ut hb ‘1; tfk twi wiucn ̀ k trmvkchbg ti tfk Cu`chombm Wircn‘stigktfkr„ms emb mbn whak.

\KCKL^KN BI^K\.

*\iektheks Ahkcns‘ mbn Pkhsemb‘s prhnk mbn liepkththvkbmturk git tfk `kttkr ia ibk ir `itf ia tfke. Fkrk‘s Arknnhk

@irgks nkslrh`hbg ibk ia tfkhr ̀ rmvurm kxlfmbgks?

Ahkcns (wfi pcmys whtf spibgk) ti Pkhsemb? –Xiu pcmy whtf spibgk, H‘cc ghvk yiu ;.―

Pkhsemb (wfi pcmys whtf Ckcmbn ru``kr) ti Ahkcns?–Xiu pcmy whtf ru``kr, H‘cc ghvk yiu =:.―

Ahkcns? –H‘cc pcmy whtf ru``kr ha yiu pcmy whtf wiin. ̂ wkbty niccmrs.―Pkhsemb? –Emdk ht ahaty.―

Ib tfhs illmshib, smhn Arknnhk, Emrty wib„pusfkn mbn acmt fht.

Mt tfk ‘1< [.\. Ipkb, Ahkcns fmn m nk`t ir twi ti skttck whtf Pkhsemb, air siek thekkmrchkr mt fhs 81tf \trkkt fiek lcu` Emrty fmn kboiykn fuehchmthbg mbn mbgkrhbg @i``y.

Mllirnhbg ti Pkhsemb (pcmyhbg whtf ru``kr), Ahkcns (pcmyhbg whtf spibgk) wms sulf mbubnkrnig tfmt bhgft tfmt Emrty `kgmb tmubthbg fhe, iaakrkn fhe mbitfkr emtlf mt $0:: ti $;,tfkb $;:: ti $;, tfkb $=,::: ti $; ubthc @i``y wms hblkbskn„tfk eirk si wfkb Pkhsemb

mllkptkn fhs lfmcckbgk ti put up tfk eibky mbn smhn fk wms rkmny ti gi fiek mbn gkt ht. Bkxtnmy, Emrty wiucnb‘t ckt up, smhn, shblk @i``y wmsb‘t fiek, fk ckat fhe m ekssmgk rkhtkrmthbgtfk iutrmgkius iaakr. @krbhk @udhkt, @i``y‘s arhkbn, tfiugft tfhs ivkrdhcc ib Emrty‘s pmrt, mbn

nhnb‘t chdk ht. @ut tfkb siib tfky‘n `k mt ht mgmhb, rkmny air mbitfkr fustckr‘s emtlf„kmlftryhbg ti riid tfk itfkr `y prmlthlhbg ib tfk scy whtf lfkss phklks air rmldkts.

** @i``y, whtf mcc tfk kbkrgy fhs prksshbg wfhpcmsf gmek rkquhrkn, siektheksubnkrstmbnm`cy fmn stmehbm pri`ckes. Lmsk hb pihbt wms tfk =81: Wmsfhbgtib Bmthibmc‘s hb

wfhlf fk cist tfk Ekb‘s ahbmc ti Pkhsemb. –^fmt Emrty pcmykn whtf spibgk fmn bitfhbg ti niwhtf ey ciss,― @i``y wiucn smy cmtkr. –Ht wms mcc tfk emtlfks H‘n pcmykn tfmt nmy ̀ kairk

ekkthbg Pkhsemb„H wkbt ; whtf Ehdk Pmcstib hb tfk qumrtkr‘s, > whtf Nmbby Qkgf hb tfkskeh‘s, tfkb struggckn tfriugf sullksshvk ;-gmek ahbmcs hb tfk Ekb‘s mbn Ehxkn Niu`cks.

Wfkb H msdkn air m rkst, tfk Nhrkltir smhn, ‖Zcmy!‘―

Zfiti arie

Ehcwmudkk \kbthbmc

Eibm @ukcc, >-thek

[.\. Ipkb Wiekb‘s

Libsicmthib Whbbkr


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Lfmptkr Aiur

=81


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arie fhs icn arhkbn ElLcurk, wfmt mccy fms fk cist9 \iektheks yiu lmb tmdk \ic skrhiuscy,siektheks yiu lmb‘t.

Fiwkvkr, ms tfk Ehbutks libthbuk, yiu lkrtmhbcy lmb ̀ kchkvk \lfhaa wmbts Dhcpmtrhld iut ia iaahlk?

–Hb irnkr ti airlk Dhcpmtrhld ti rkvkmc tfk pcmykrs‘ bmeks, \lfhaa rkakrrkn ti mstmtkekbt ̀ y Dhcpmtrhld hb Ak`rumry, =810 hb wfhlf fk stmtkn tfmt fk wiucn rkeivkfheskca arie tfk tm`ck tkbbhs kquhpekbt ̀ ushbkss ha kckltkn Zrkshnkbt ia tfk [\^^M.\lfhaa prkskbtkn m Nub mbn @rmnstrkkt rkpirt fk fmn rkqukstkn ib tfk Emrthb-Dhcpmtrhld ̂ m`ck ̂ kbbhs Liepmby. ̂ fhs rkpirt, ̀ mskn ib hbairemthib ghvkb `y tfk

embmgkr ia tfk liepmby, @iwhk G. Emrthb, kmrcy hb =81< Tmatkr Dhcpmtrhld fmn mssuekniaahlkU, chstkn Dhcpmtrhld ms m pmrtbkr hb tfk kbtkrprhsk.

TGitlfm!U―

Wfmt‘s tfmt9…@iwhk‘s wmhthbg ti tksthay, ms ht wkrk. Wkcc, smys Fmrrhsib wfi‘s tmdkbtfk Lfmhr air tfhs nhslusshib, put fhe ib tfk stmbn.

–…T@iwhkU kxpcmhbs tfk libtrmlt fk mbn Dhcpmtrhld shgbkn whtf

Fhdisudk ̂ memsu siek twi ykmrs mgi wms hb tfk bmek ia Emrthb-Dhcpmtrhld, mbn fk fmn ti dkkp tfhs bmek wfkb Dhcpmtrhld ckat tfkliepmby, hb irnkr ti dkkp vmchn tfk kxlcushvk libtrmlt air @uttkracy prinults hb tfk [.\.M. tfmt tfk libtrmlt mcciws. Fk pihbts iut tfmt tfk

hbairemthib hb tfk Nubb mbn @rmnstrkkt rkpirt wms ghvkb ̀ y fheskca hbrkpcy ti quksthibs m`iut tfk airemthib ia tfk liepmby, mbn ia hts ahbmblhmc

stmtus nurhbg =810, pmrt ia wfhlf ykmr Dhcpmtrhld wms m pmrtbkr.―

Emrthb tfkb turbs fhs mttkbthib ti \ic, smys?

–\lfhaa hs tfk ibcy pkrsib hb tfk liubtry wfi emdks fhs chvhbgsickcy arie tm`ck tkbbhs mbn hs ib tfk Kxkluthvk Lieehttkk, wfhck fk ficns

m aucc-thek oi`, mbn itfkr pmrt-thek oi`s ms wkcc. Fk T@iwhkU aurtfkr stmtks tfmt fkippiskn Dhcpmtrhld ckmvhbg tfk ̀ ushbkss, ̀ ut tfmt Dhcpmtrhld hs bit biw libbkltkn whtffhs ahre.―

Wfkb Emrthb ckmvks tfk Ekkthbg, Dhcpmtrhld nrmemthlmccy eivks…

–tfmt fk TDhcpmtrhldU ̀ k hepkmlfkn air ubktfhlmc libnult hb iaahlk. Bi sklibn.\lfhaa eivks tfmt Dhcpmtrhld‘s pissh`ck libbklthib whtf Emrthb ̀ k hbvksthgmtkn ̀ y tfk

[\^^M. Bi sklibn.―

Biremb rksueks tfk Lfmhr…mbn wk thptik quhktcy mwmy.

[.\. Oubhir ^kme M`rimn

^fk \kcklthib Lieehttkk fmn phldkn tfk aicciwhbg ahvk ̀ iys ti pcmy wmre-upkxfh`hthib emtlfks mgmhbst yiutfs hb Kbgcmbn, Nkbemrd, mbn Armblk mbn tfkb kbtkr tfk ArkblfHbtkrbmthibmc Oubhir Lfmephibsfhps hb Cyib, Armblk? Pmcpf Lfhcns, =810 mbn ‖1< [.\. [bnkr

@iwhk Emrthb


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=; Lfmep4 Pib Fi`sib, whbbkr ti nmtk ia ; [.\. Ipkb Lfmephibsfhps hb [bnkr =)

wfi, tfiugf fk‘s tfk lurrkbt [.\. Oubhir Lfmephib, hs tii icn (=6) ti pmrthlhpmtk hb KuripkmbOubhir pcmy.

Fiwkvkr, tfkrk wkrk m liupck ia pri`ckeswhtf tfhs Oubhir skcklthib. ̂ fk ahrst ibk,

liblkrbhbg Gutemb, wms ibcy eiekbtmry. Fmrvkysmhn tfmt tfiugf fk wms mb Fibir Picc stunkbt,

–tfk slfiic iaahlhmcs wkrk mgmhbst ey tmdhbg iaa tfkeibtf air tfk tiur.― Airtubmtkcy, Fmrvky‘s nmn, KnGutemb, wfi‘n rub tfk =8;6 Msùry Zmrd, B.O. Bmthibmc‘s, smhn fk liucn gi mbywmy. Fmrvky

rkeke`krs fk fmn ti rmhsk eibky ti fkcp fhslmusk, mbn mttkbnkn m Ekb‘s Lcu` nhbbkr mt wfhlf

fk wms ti ghvk mb kxfh`hthib (H ̀ kchkvk whtf fhs

liushb Okaa \wkrsdy wfi oust ehsskn ̀ khbg ib tfkk̂me). \urprhsk, tfiugf„bi tm`ck fmn ̀ kkb

privhnkn. \i pcmy wms heprivhskn ib m liupck ia

lhrlucmr nhbbkr tm`cks whtf ìids air m bkt. Bibkkn ti wirry„mcc tfisk sfits emnk air mb kxu`krmbt kvkbhbg.

^fk itfkr pri`cke, liblkrbhbg Dmekc, wms skrhius. Oubhir ̂ kme Lmptmhb Zrkslitt,Dhcpmtrhld, mbn Fmrrhsib fmn msdkn tfk [.\. \tmtk Nkpt. air siek eulf bkknkn aubns, ùtnhnb‘t ckmrb ubthc tfk ̀ kghbbhbg ia Emrlf tfmt, ha sulf aubns mrk ghvkb, mcc ̀ iys fmn ti ̀ k [.\.

Kn mbn Fmrvky Gutemb

[.\. Oubhir ^kme ti tfk =81< Arkblf Ipkb, C-P?

Pmiua Dmekc, Dkb Ickr, Pib Fi`sib, Fmrvky Gutemb, mbn Pmcpf –Zktk― Lfhcns.


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lhthzkbs. Dmekc wms mb Kgypthmb wfi hbtkbnkn ti `k m [.\. lhthzkb. \i, tfiugf fk‘n i`tmhbkntfk pripkr pmpkrs ti gkt hbti Armblk, mbn tfiugf siek cilmc aubns fmn `kkb rmhskn spklhahlmccyair fhe, fk fmn ti ̀ k ckat iaa tfk ̂ kme. ̂ mdhbg fhs pcmlk wms Lfhlmgi‘s Dkb Ickr wfi whtf ZmtFmvchld fmn nibk tfk pfiti-sfits air tfk Mtfckthl Hbsthtutk‘s schnkahce dht ib ̂ m`ck ̂ kbbhs.

Zrkslitt hb mb K.L. eithib msdkn tfmt siek ia tfk Mssilhmthib‘s gkbkrmc aubns `k uskn ti mcciw

Dmekc ti trmvkc mcibg whtf tfk Oubhir ̂ kme hb Kuripk, ̀ ut tfhs eithib wms nkakmtkn. \thcc, ms@i` Lfmhesib, [\^^M Nkckgmtk ti tfk H^^A Libgrkss, wms ̀ khbg ghvkb $


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mlliepmbhkn ia liursk `y Lmpt.Zrkslitt, whtf B.O. Oubhir NkvkcipekbtLfmhr Zkrly Pilfkstkr ms limlf mbntutir, ha bit lfmpkribk. Fmrvky smhn tfmt

fk mbn –Zktk― Lfhcns wkrk vkry

hbtkrkstkn hb ekkthbg –Nmbhsf mbn Arkblfcmnhks,― ùt tfmt yiubg Fi`sib prkakrrknbit ti gi iut ti ciid air ghrcs ùt tiailus ib fhs upliehbg pcmy hb wfmt fkdkpt lmcchbg tfk –Arkblf Ipkbhbg.―

^fk [.\. Oubhir ̂ kmeivkrwfkcekn –tip rmbdkn TcilmcU Kbgchsf

Oubhirs― hb tfrkk thks. ̂ fky ̀ kmt Bkwùry (wfkrk tfky mttkbnkn mcublfkib ghvkb tfke ̀ y tfk Emyir mbn

lhty iaahlhmcs), 1-=4 ̀ kmt Ckhlkstkr, =:-04 mbn Fkrtairnsfhrk =:-:.

Bmturmccy tfky mcc nhn siek shgftskkhbg? vhshtkn @uldhbgfmeZmcmlk mbn Zmrchmekbt, mbn wkbt ti Wke`cky \tmnhue wfkrk

tfk Mekrhlmb trmld tkme wms liepkthbg.^fky mcsi wkrk guksts mt m wkcliehbg nhbbkr fistkn ̀ y tfk @iys‘ Lcu` ia Cibnib

(Zrkslitt eust fmvk mrrmbgkn tfmt, air fk wms m @iys‘ Lcu` ia Mekrhlm Bmthibmc GmeksLieehttkkemb). Fmrvky rkeke`krs –tfky skrvkn lidk arie tfk ̀ ittck„wmre. Bi hlk. H smw

siek hlk mt tfk amr kbn ia tfk tm`ck ùt nhnb‘t wmbt ti msd.― Ibk ia tfk iaahlhmcs hbtuhtkn wfmtFmrvky wmbtkn, mbn –hb vkry pripkr Kbgchsf smhn, ‖H smy icn lfmp, pckmsk sfivk tfk hlk lu`ks

up ey kbn.‘― Fmrvky rklmccs –nuldhbg ubnkr tfk tm`ck ti prktkbn ti ciid air siektfhbg ti ficn `mld tfk cmugf.― \ulf wms tfk tkkb-mgk aub ib m trhp rkeke`krkn air m chakthek.

^fkb tfk ̀ iys wkrk iaa ti Lipkbfmgkb, mbn Nmbhsf @imrn-^kbbhs [bhib fisphtmchty?

iaahlhmcs ekt iur pcmykrs mt tfk mhrpirt mbn put tfke up hb tfk fieks ia Nmbhsf pcmykrs. HbLipkbfmgkb wk `kmt tfk Nmbks ;-8, niks ht9 Lmrtcmbn, pmrthlucmrcy, fmn si mchkbmtknkvkryibk (–H fmtk \wknkb! H fmtk \wknks!―) tfmt ibcy ibk cibk bib-\wknk fmn skkb tfke iaa.

Mcc wirdkn iut wkcc air iur pcmykrs. [.\. Ke`mssy iaahlhmcs hb Zmrhs ekt tfke mbn aiubnfiushbg air tfke mt tfk Aiubnmthib ia [bhtkn \tmtks mt tfk [bhvkrshty ia Zmrhs. @y Mpr. =0 tfky‘n

tmdkb m trmhb ti Bmbly mbn wkrk rkmny ti pcmy m thk mt tfk Griupk \licmhsk hb Ariumrn?

–Pkprkskbthbg Armblk wkrk Okmb-Zmuc \trkht, =81< Arkblf Bmthibmc Oubhir Lfmephib4 Lfrhsthmb Pikslf, Bi. 0 Oubhir hb Armblk4 mbn Mcmhb Gmrrmah, Bi. ; Oubhir hbArmblk. TIbcy Pikslf wiucn `k kbtkrkn mt Cyib.U ^fk [.\. tkme ia Lfhcns, Fi`sib,mbn Gutemb wib ;->. ^fk lfmephib, \trkht, cist ti ìtf Gutemb mbn Lfhcns.―

^^^ , Mug.-\kpt., =81> Livkr

Oubhir ^kme Lmptmhb

Fkremb Zrkslitt

^^^ , Omb., =81


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Mgmhb tfk ^kme eke`krs wkrkguksts ia fibir mt m nhbbkr„tfhsibk ghvkb `y Emoir @urtib O.Fipwiin, pkrsibbkc iaahlkr ia

^iuc-Pishkrk Mhr Airlk @msk

wfi mrrmbgkn m aub emtlf? iur guys mgmhbst fhs @msklfmcckbgkrs.

Ib vhm Cyib ti Pimbbkwfkrk ib Mpr. =6 mgmhbst

Arkblf Oubhirs tfk [.\. air tfk ahrst thek nhnb‘t whb…`ut

thkn,


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Ecmnm Aribtm, irgmb ia tfk Lieeubhst-niehbmtkn Lzklf Xiutf Irgmbhzmthib,smhn tfmt hbstkmn ia ‖`khbg mcciwkn ti pcmy whtf spirtsekb ia tfk pkipcks‘ nkeilrmthlstmtks,‘ tfk Mekrhlmb tkme whcc ‖pcmy m skrhks ia gmeks whtf tfk Bmzhs mbn air tfk Bmzhs.‘―

Wkcc, biw wkrk wk rkmny ti amlk tfk trutf…prksuem`cy whtfiut fisthchty9 Ckt‘s fipk si.\wmytfchbg Lup pcmy wms nhvhnkn hbti aiur M-@-L-N riubn ri`hb griups4 wk wkrk hbtfk 6-tkme –N― ibk. Ahrst up, @ucgmrhm…`ut tfky nhnb‘t sfiw, wkrk slrmtlfkn. Mby prkss ibtfke9

Bkxt, Ompmb. Dkb Dibmdm libdkn Ahkcns mbn Ehcks. Dioh Dheurm lci``krkn Dckhb.

Igheurm, fiwkvkr, fmn ti gi 0


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hb Lzklf (cmtkr, trmbscmtkn, ht turbkn iut ti `k –Giin skrvk―). Ehcks ehsskn tfk skrvk, pritkstknmnmembtcy tfk hbtrushib ia tfk uephrk, mbn hbshstkn tfmt tfk pihbt `k pcmykn ivkr. Fk tiid fhslmsk ti tfk Pkakrkk, mbn arie tfkrk ht wkbt ti tfk Oury. Mb fiur mbn 0: ehbutks cmtkr (!) tfkOury rkturbkn whtf m vkrnhlt? tfk pihbt eust `k pcmykn ivkr. Ehcks nkulkn ht. ^fkb wkbt mn

niwb, mbn, surk kbiugf, Igheurm gmvk fhe tfk smek skrvk„mbn, surk kbiugf, Ehcks amhckn ti

rkturb ht. \i Ompmb `chtzkn tfk [.\. ;-:. @ut wfy akkc `mn9 ^fmt‘s wfmt tfky nhn ti kvkry tkmehb tfk riubn ri`hb, mbn tfus mnvmblkn ti tfk skeh‘s.Zicmbn, liucn tfky pcmy9 Giin kbiugf ti `kmt Ahkcns twhlk, mbn tfriw m =8 hb tfk


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Wircn Lfmephib Lfumbg ŝk-tubg nhn hb Mrbnt4 mbn ̀ itf Lfumbg mbn Ch strmhgft-gmekn mwmyKrbst Gieiccm.

^m`ck ^kbbhs rkpirtkn tfmt =1,::: spkltmtirs (whtf eirk turbkn mwmy) fmn skkb tfkLfhbm-Ompmb –prkvhkw― thks hb ̂ idyi hb wfhlf tfk Ompmbksk wiekb wib hb m bue`kr ia emtlfks tfmt fmn kxfh`hthib-chdk slirks? Igheurm ̀ kmt Ch Au-oubg

0:, -=6, 00 mbn Fsu Xhb-sfkbg 0;-0< hb tfk <

rn

, `ut cist ti Lfumbg ^sk-tubg =8, -=8, -0;4 DiohDheurm cist ti Ch 0>-00 hb tfk -00, 00-0:. Libtrh`uthbg mcsi ti Ompmb‘strhuepf wms Dheurm ivkr Wircn #= Lfumbg mbn Ehdh ivkr Wircn #0 Ch. \i, tfhbd yiu dbiwwfmt ti kxpklt hb Zrmguk9

Hb tfk ahbmc, Lfhbm fmn ;-= chttck nhaahlucty, tfiugf Dheurm ̀ kmt Lfumbg wfi‘n ̀ kstkn

Igheurm hb twi =8 gmeks. Fsu mcsi stippkn Igh, mbn ‘10 Mshmb Gmeks whbbkr Ehdh ms wkcc(whbbhbg tfk 0bn 0


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Lir`hccib Lup

^fk [.\. wiekb wkrk hb tfk 8-tkme Griup M, mbn, lihblhnkbtmccy, chdk tfk ekb, tfkhr =st

emtlf tii wms m wmcdivkr, air \hbgmpirk nhnb‘t sfiw.Mgmhbst Zicmbn, wfi wiucn ahbhsf 0bn hb tfk Griup, Lfitrms mbn Dmehbsdy hb \hbgcks, mbn

Dmehbsdy/Pu`kbstkhb hb Niu`cks, liucnb‘t whb m gmek.

Bkxt, ciwcy \litcmbn„iur ibcy ̀ rkmtfkr. Fkrk, hb iur


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Hb Wiekb‘s Niu`cks, Bku`krgkr wfi hb ‘;8 fmn Mgbks\heib, biw tfk KuripkmbLfmephib, ms m pmrtbkr, wms phld-

up pmhrkn tfhs ykmr whtf ^uturibg,

tfmt smek Hbnibkshmb wfi‘n cist,=>, =1, ti Dmehbsdy hb tfk =st

riubn ia tfk Libsicmthib. ^fkywkrk nkakmtkn heeknhmtkcy ia liursk,


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Mustrmchm‘s \fkpfkrn, wiucn fmvk fmn tfk aub,ir mt ckmst tfk kxpkrhkblk, ia pcmyhbg \ub Ekh-yhbg, mgmhbst wfie Es. \fkpfkrn hb fkr ckmn-iaa gmek wms `kmtkb 0=-0.

Ib tfk itfkr shnk ia tfk Nrmw, Dhehyi

Emtsuzmdh, tfk #0 skkn mbn =8;8 WircnLfmephib, hb tfk 0bn riubn mgmhbst Lfhbm‘s FuDk-ehbg fmn stue`ckn bkmrkr mbn bkmrkr lchaa-wmrn ivkr twi nkulk gmeks ti mceist tue`ckniwb, ̀ ut fmn =8-hb-tfk-;tf rhgftkn fkrskca oust

hb thek. ̂ fkrkmatkr sfk eivkn whtfiut hblhnkbtti m 0=, =6, =6 qumrtkr‘s whb ivkr Lfhbm‘s

Chmbg Ch-lfkb. [bskknkn Kccm Libstmbthbksludkpt mnvmblhbg kvkb ms sfk wms cishbg gmeks„ ti Lfhbm‘s ̂ h Lfhmbg-fum, ti tfk =6-ykmr-icnOmrdm Dmrchdivm (wfi‘n liek =st hb tfk Lzklf

Wircn Wiekb‘s ̂ kme ̂ rhmcs), ti #1 skknDmzudi Hti (‘10 Mshmb Gmeks rubbkr-up ti

Emtsuzmdh), mbn ti Lfhbm‘s Ch Fu-bmb (cmtkr ChFkbmb) wfi‘cc heehgrmtk ti tfk [.\. mbn `kliek iur Bmthibmc Limlf. Fiwkvkr, mgmhbstDhehyi hb tfk skeh‘s, Kccm oust fmnb‘t tfk tklfbhquk ti libtkst.

^fk mttmld mbn nkakbsk ahbmc ̀ ktwkkb Emtsuzmdh mbn Mckxmbnru eust fmvk ̀ kkb grkmt

ti wmtlf„tfk eirk si `klmusk matkr Dhehyi fmn m 0-gmek ckmn, Emrhm airlkn tfk emtlf hbtitfk ;tf. Fiwkvkr, Emtsuzmdh, fmvhbg `kkb tfkrk `kairk, dbkw fiw ti gkt tfkrk mgmhb.

Wiekb‘s Niu`cks smw Emtsuzmdh mbn fkr pmrtbkr \kdh, tfk =81= Ompmbksk BmthibmcLfmephib, fmvk tfkhr tiugfkst tkst, m ;-gmekr, hb tfk skeh‘s mgmhbst Lfhbm‘s Lfhu Lfubg-fuh/Wmbg Lfhkb. Nkakbnhbg Lfmephibs Mckxmbnru/Zhthlm stmvkn iaa Lzklf tkkbs Cuzivm/@ism ̀ y

whbbhbg hb ; tfmbds ti twi nkulk gmeks, `ut hb tfk qumrtkr‘s tfky liucnb‘t fmbnck tfkmggrksshvk pcmy ia Nh Piwk/Emry \fmbbib. ̂ fk Kbgchsf tfkb mnvmblkn whtf m =8 hb tfk >tf whbivkr Dmzudi Hti (bkk Xmemhzueh)/Xmembmdm, rubbkr-ups hb tfk rklkbt Ompmb Bmthibmc‘s. Arie

=-=, tfk ahbmc wmsb‘t lcisk„0=-=;, 0=-=1 ti tfk Ompmbksk.^fk Ehxkn„tfiugf Nkakbnhbg Lfmephibs Igheurm/Emtsuzmdh wkrk upskt `y Lfhbm‘s

\fhf-chb Lfmbg/Ehb-lfhf Lfkbg„wiucn Ompmb‘s kchtk tmdk tfmt tii9 Fmn ti„ghvkb tfk amlts(=) tfmt ib ibk shnk ia tfk Nrmw Dioh Dheurm/Hti fmn rkmlfkn tfk ahbmc whtf m vhltiry ivkr

Fubgmry‘s ̂ ip ̂ kb whbbkrs mbn Kbgchsf Ipkb Ehxkn Lfmeps Ombis Amfmzh mbn airekr WircnWiekb‘s rubbkr-up Kvm Dilzhmb Aicnh wfi‘n kchehbmtkn tfk Lfhbksk4 mbn (0) tfmt ib tfk

itfkr shnk ia tfk Nrmw Dhhlfh Ehdh/Emsmdi \kdh fmn mcsi rkmlfkn tfk ahbmc whtf m >-gmek whb ivkr Lfhbm‘s Lfumbg ̂ sk-tubg/Lfhu Lfubg-fuh. \i, wfi ni yiu chdk ti whb9…Xiu‘rk ghvhbg ek =st

lfihlk9 Feee. Ehdh/\kdh fmvk bi Wircn thtcks. Dheurm/ Fisfhbi wib tfk ‘1= Wircn Ekb‘sNiu`cks4 Hti/Bme`m wib tfk ‘;8 Wircn Wiekb‘s Niu`cks. H‘cc gme`ck ib Dheurm/Hti. Xkp, tfky

whb


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kbiugf air fhe„bi Libsicmthib. Nhtti B.X.‘s Fiwhk Irbstkhb. Ckstkr Eisliwhtz, matkr cishbg fhsZrk-che, ̀ rmvkn tfk Libsicmthib‘s mbn heeknhmtkcy cist tfkrk tii. @i` Mesùry, tfk \krvhlkembwfi‘n ̀ kkb m fkcp ti iur ̂ kme wfkb wk‘n liek ti Gkremby air tfk ‘;8 Nirteubn Wircn‘s,niwbkn m Ck`mbksk, nkulk hb tfk >tf, ̀ kairk ̀ khbg kchehbmtkn hb fhs 0bn Zrk-che. Bi Libsicmthib air

fhe khtfkr. Hrv Wmsskremb mcsi wib m Zrk-che, tfkb, hb tfk Libsicmthib‘s, fmn m ekeirm`ck

kxpkrhkblk pcmyhbg tfk mghbg ùt sthcc ameius 7-thek Arkblf Lfmephib Guy Meiurktth„mbn 0:, -0=,-7 mceist ̀ kmt fhe.Emy`k, tfiugf, \h Pmtbkr, wfi cist fhs ahrst Zrk-che, fhs ahrst

Libsicmthib emtlf, pcmykn m chttck eirk tfmb wk tfiugft. Matkr mcc,kvkb hb tfhs gkbkrmccy kxmctkn liepmby, fk wmsb‘t tkrrh`ck. Aiur ykmrs

mgi fk‘n wib tfk ahrst ia fhs [.\. Ipkb Ivkr ;: Lfmephibsfhps mbnaiur ykmrs fkblk fk‘cc whb tfk ahrst ia fhs [.\. Ipkb Ivkr 1:‘s.

Eirkivkr, dbiw wfmt ̀ ushbkss PM^bkr‘s hb9 [f-fuf, fk fms fhs iwbkxtkrehbmthbg liepmby„mbn fk hsb‘t ibk ̀ ht slmrkn ia mby dhbn ia slurryhbg lrkmturk, ib liurt ir iaa. \i nib‘t tfhbd air m eiekbt tfmt,tfiugf fk‘s surkcy ibk ia tfk icnkst pcmykrs hb tfk Fmcc, fk‘s kmshcy

hbthehnmtkn. ̂ fmt thek hb tfk prmlthlk riie wfkrk fk liucn ̀ k skkbrkturbhbg emy`k 0 iut ia kvkry =: skrvks fk wms ̀ khbg ghvkb„wfi

ni yiu tfhbd fk wms prmlthlhbg whtf9 MLfhbksk. –Wfmt nhn H fmvk ticisk9― fk‘n smy cmtkr. –H msdkn.―

Okrry Drusdhk nhn eirk tfmb whb m Zrk-che arie Kbgcmbn‘sPmcpf Gubbhib* ir cisk mbitfkr mbn ‘1; wiucn `k tfk Arkblf Bmthibmc Lfmephib. Nmbby mcsi, =8 hb tfk >tf, wib fhs =st-

riubn emhb kvkbt arie Zicmbn‘s _`hgbhkw Lmchbsdh wfi‘n `kmtkb Qmb nk Wmcck hb tfk k̂me‘s. Zklirm‘s grkmt rub wms

ahbmccy fmctkn ̀ y fhs 1tf ippibkbt, Lfhbm‘s Lfiu Cmb-sub. Biw ms ti mcc ; ia iur pcmykrs wfi‘n ̀ kkb hbskrtkn

strmhgft iaa hbti tfk Ekb‘s Nrmw. Dckhb fmn bi triu`ck whtfm Fubgmrhmb, ̀ ut tfkb wms ̀ kmtkb ̀ y Lfhbm‘s Xu Lfmbg-lfub, -8, -= Punica Chppkrt, tfkb, mvkrmghbg =1 pihbts m gmek mgmhbst Igheurm, nrippkntfrkk strmhgft. Ahkcns dbildkn iaa mb Klumnirhmb, mb Hbnhmb, mbn m Nmbk„giin ùt bit

heprksshvk„tfkb “=>, -=1, -== cist ti tfk Kuripkmb #= Fmbs Mcskr, wfie siekibk lmcckn–tfk amstkst pcmykr hb Kuripk.― Kmrchkr tfk \wknk fmn mcsi ̀ cmbdkn Lmbmnm‘s Knny \lfuctz mbnHrmbhmb-lue-Mekrhlmb @izirgzmnkf. @udhkt nhspmtlfkn m Gkremb, m Fubgmrhmb, mbn mZirtuguksk„mcsi giin ùt bit heprksshvk„tfkb cist ti Ch Au-oubg, -=>, -6, -=0. Qmb nk

Wfkb [\M‘s \h Pmtbkr

lmek hbti tfk prmlthlk

riie nrksskn chdk tfhs,

wfi wiucnb‘t tfhbd ht

hepirtmbt ti fht m akw

whtf fhe9

^^^ , Ilt., =810, ;

Nmbby Zklirm


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Wmcck‘s gutsy pcmy, fiwkvkr, wms vkry heprksshvk. Ahrst, fk 00. Ms m lfhcn, fk wms bitvkry stribg mbn fhs amtfkr, m niltir ia trmnhthibmc eknhlhbk, skbt fhe ti ckmrb Wu

@hcc Gubb mbn

Emrhmbbk

@ksshbgkr


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liblkbtrmthib, mbthlhpmthib

History of U.S. Table Tennis - Vol. IV: 1963-1970

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Transcript of History of U.S. Table Tennis - Vol. IV: 1963-1970