History of the Web – PART 1 ;-)

History of the Web – PART 1 ;-)The World-Wide-Web has revolutionized the availability and access to information.

Billions of web pages may be reached through search engines, and this is only a fraction of what is hidden in searchable databases.

bit.ly/WebHistoryNotes

Memex: The first Hypertext system

Dreamed up by Vanevar Bush: “Memory Extension”“As we may think” [1945]Photo-electrico-mechanical desk

Storage for knowledge Computing device With user interface With powerful search

…but he did not call it “Hypertext”…

Term coined by Ted Nelson [1965]XanaduAmbitious!

Distributed network of documents Two-way hyperlinks Version management Annotation Elaborate copyright

management system Far more powerful

than the webbut it did not succeed!

Why did it fail?

Text + Link… How about the Click!

Mouse and GUIs invented by Doug Engelbart“On the augmentation of human intellect” [1968]NLS: oNLineSystem demoed in a “now-famous video”Your impressions of the video?

Before the Web

Citation Reference to other text Powerful! Examples

The Bible etc religious texts Encyclopedias Dictionaries

Hypertext Text + Links + Click! Ease of citation use, really

Hypermedia (text/image/video/audio/etc) + links + click!

World-wide-web

Tim Berners-Lee implements his childhood Enquire “2.0”It took off because…abc3 crucial components: ____, ____, ____A global documentation system at CERN [1990]As a way of justifying the purchase of a NeXT!

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The early days of the Web : # HTTP hits at CERN grows by 1000 (1991-1994)

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The early days of the Web: # servers grows from a 100’s to 1M (1991 – 1997)

Browsers

Erwise and Viola [1992] were demo systems for s/wLynx [??] text-based browserMosaic [1993] popularized the web“It is on Mosaic”… Confusion between

The browser? The web? The internet?

1994: A landmark year

Mark Anderseen split from NCSA to form “Mosaic Comm. Corp.; forced to rename “Netscape”

First WWW conference at CERN

Dertouzos (MIT) and Berners-Lee (CERN) set up the WWW Consortium (W3C) at MIT’s LCS

Read TBL Ch. 5-9

Listing of Directories and Search Engines

Yahoo! (www.yahoo.com) - (1994-) directory service and search engine.Infoseek – (1994-2001) search engine.Inktomi – (1995- ?) search engine infrastructure, acquired by Yahoo! 2003.AltaVista – (1995- ?) search engine, acquired by Overture in 2003.AlltheWeb – (1999-?) search engine, acquired by Overture in 2003 .Ask Jeeves (www.ask.com) - (1996-) Q&A and search engine, acquired by IAC/InterActiveCorp in 2005.Overture – (1997-) pay-per-click search engine, acquired by Yahoo! 2003.MSN Search (www.msn.com) – (2004-2009) MS Network’s search engine.Google (www.google.com) – (1998-) – Best known search engine.Cuil (www.cuil.com) -- (2008 - ?) – latest “biggest” search engine.bing (www.bing.com) (2009 - )MS’s better versionBaidu (2000 - ) Chinese-language search engineYandex (2012- ) Russian-language search Engine