Friendship through FlowersHistory of the Second Twenty-five Years

1981–2006

Ikebana International

3

he History Book Committee would like to express our sincere appreciation to Her Imperial Highness Princess Mikasa and Her Imperial Highness Princess Takamado for their warm messages in this special publication.

On behalf of Ikebana International, the History Book Committee would also like to offer deepest gratitude to the ikebana schools for their continuous support of and cooperation with I.I. since its foundation. The special article to honor the deceased iemotos and flower masters is especially meaningful, for it is to their memory that we dedicate this history book. We would like to express our heartfelt appreciation to the past international presidents and representatives of worldwide chapters for their valuable and informative experiences and viewpoints of I.I. history. Due to limited space, we understandably had to shorten many texts. The chapters that did not send reports are here in spirit. This was a three-year project involving extensive archival research as well as compilation of personal experiences, and we made every effort to pursue accuracy and rigor in the process. Profound gratitude goes to Etsuko Hattori for the donation in memory of her father, the late Mr. Reikichi Yokohama, who provided assistance to our founder, Ellen Gordon Allen, in establishing Ikebana International in 1956, and continued throughout his life to give tremendous support to I.I. The generous donation from Mr. Shigeaki Iijima, President of Yamazaki Nabisco Co., Ltd., is also greatly appreciated. We also appreciate the cooperation of K. Mikimoto & Co., Ltd. We are grateful to all who have supported, encouraged and led our way down this long and winding road through these fifty years. We wish to thank Mr. Kim Schuefftan for his expertise and advice and other individuals who were committed to seeing this project through to completion. Finally, the History Book Committee hopes that this history book will serve not only to trace history but to contribute something fruitful to the bright future of Ikebana International for all our members.

Acknowledgments

President Marie Kawai FirstVice-President Itsuko Nakayama Second Vice-President Wienczyslawa Sato ThirdVice-President Malgorzata Nowakowska Recording Secretary Kazuko Yokosuka Treasurer Hanako Sato AssistantTreasurer Yoshikazu Hori CorrespondingSecretary Mieko Ohashi Historian Kyoko Ehara Supervising Auditor Yoshimasa Usui

Amendments Makiko Yamaki Development Beverly Brown Nominating Nobuko Usui Protocol Kayoko Tsukamoto Publication Junko Sakamoto Public Relations Michiko Motomura Translation Megumi Saito

Web Site Nobuko Matsubara History Book Noriko Matsudaira Flower Dictionary Keiko Nonoyama

Protocol Advisor Noriko Matsudaira International Parliamentarian Kathy Roper

Ikenobo Sen’ei Ikenobo Ohara School Wakako Ohara Sogetsu School Akane Teshigahara

Chiko School Kosen Naruse Ichiyo School Akihiro Kasuya Kozan School Kozan Okada Ryusei-Ha Kasen Yoshimura Saga Goryu Shindo Shingai Shinpa Seizan School Kogetsu Kamijo

Etsuko HattoriHaruhiko Ishikawa

Fay Kramer Grace Chase Louise DaggsCarola Meller Mary Ford Karen PinardRuth Scott Mona Lutz Noriko MatsudairaHisako Komine Antoinette Ashley Stephanie TomiyasuGail Feerer Hatsumi Whitehead Lincolna M. GuilfoileMartha P. Neese Midori Purdy Emily BrownEtsuko Hattori Rosamonde F. Naegele Noriko MatsudairaNorma Tennekoon Yuko Matsumura Anna NakadaMargaret Hague Kaeko Nakashima Michiko SuzukiA. Lucille Hurley Marilyn Hoskins Shizuyo Nakayama

Edited by the History Book Committee

Publication Manager Keiko Eizawa Editorial Advisor Kim Schuefftan Proofreader Anna Nakada Production McEdit Printing Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

IKEBANA INTERNATIONALFounded in 1956 by Ellen Gordon Allen

Honorary President H.I.H. Princess Takamado

Contents

Acknowledgments ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・

Messages ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・

Pillars of Ikebana International: The First Twenty-five Years ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・

In Memory of Flower Masters ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・

Shaping History

Accounts of International Presidents ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・

Schools Participating in Demonstrations at World Conventions ・・・・・・・・・

Memorabilia—Chapters ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・

Recipients of Orders Awarded by the Government of Japan ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・

Chronology 1956–2006 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・

Maps of Ikebana International Chapters ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・

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I t is a delight for me to send you a message

on the occasion of the publication of the his-tory book for the pe-riod 1981–2006. I have many memories of the times that I shared with you all, and this official record of the various events will serve as a good memento of those moments. During the second twenty-five years in the his-tory of Ikebana International, I attended four World Conventions as Honorary President, and at the same time sent messages to the many Regional Conferences that were being held in different parts of the world. At every Convention, I was able to meet a large number of dedicated members who participated from various countries. I was impressed with their enthu-siasm in the study of ikebana. I enjoyed the ikebana exhibitions by the overseas members as well as by the members of Japan, and every time, I was surprised to see their improvement and high technique in ikebana. The demonstrations by the iemotos of various schools were wonderful, and I was happy to see that on all these occasions they gave invaluable lessons to the members as well. I thank the members who worked hard on this project, and hope that this history book will give our members an opportunity to review the steps of the past and, at the same time, bring new ideas for the future activities of Ikebana International. My enduring hope is that Ikebana International will keep this strong tie of Friendship through Flow-ers and that this effort will have some influence, even in a small way, towards bringing true peace to this world.

I t is with great pleasure that I send you my sin-

cere congratulations on the publication of the second history book of Ikebana International covering the years 1981 to 2006. I take this op-portunity to thank the iemotos of t he va r iou s schools for their gracious and generous support and all those con-cerned for their hard work in realising this project. This publication offers us all an opportunity to ref lect not only on the second half of Ikebana In-ternational’s fifty years’ history, but on the original ideology that formed the basis of her establishment. The motto Friendship through Flowers was created at a time when the world was recovering from the ravages of war, and it urges us all to join together in a spirit of peace and harmony. It is frightening to think that fifty years on from our foundation, the world continues to have war-stricken areas and is still full of terror and strife. And, it is shameful that we are unable to stop ourselves from destroying harmony on earth and from striding purposefully down the path of environment degradation. Flowers are harbingers of peace, for the mere act of looking at f lowers makes it impossible to harbour vicious or violent thoughts. Flowers bring us closer to the natural world, and ikebana brings the peace and harmony of the universe to our own homes. Ikebana International has continued to f lourish under the motto Friendship through Flowers. Today, there are 165 chapters and about 8,500 members in over 60 countries. I believe the larger this circle of friendship, the better a place this world. It is up to us to make our future bright and full of Friendship through Flowers. It is only five years since H.I.H. Princess Mikasa asked me to succeed her as your Honorary President. I am delighted to be a part of this circle of friend-ship and I sincerely hope that our love of ikebana and flowers will contribute further towards the fostering of international understanding and goodwill as we enter the next phase of our history.

H.I.H. Princess MikasaFormer Honorary President

H.I.H. Princess TakamadoHonorary President

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I a m extremely honored to send you this message on the occasion of the publication of this second

history book of Ikebana International covering the past twenty-five years. On behalf of Ikebana International, I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to Her Imperial Highness Princess Mikasa and Her Impe-rial Highness Princess Takamado for giving us their warm messages for this special issue. Mrs. Ellen Gordon Allen, the founder of Ikebana International, had a dream that one seed of ikebana would grow up and many seeds would spread all over the world under the motto Friendship through Flowers. The first history book told us how members enjoyed the ikebana created by many enthusiastic iemotos and ikebana masters. In the next twenty-five years, Mrs. Allen’s vision for I.I. grew steadily and broader in scope. Member-ship increased, and, through world conventions and regional conferences, each chapter’s level of activities and many foreign ikebana teachers and demonstra-tors matured as well. Fifty years later, we find that our Ikebana International has become famous in the

world. We were recently asked to provide major ikebana dem-onstrations and exhibitions at the Freer Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., the British Museum in London, and the National Museum of Nature and Science in Tokyo. Continuity imparts strength as this history book shows, and you will find wonder-ful reports and articles with nostalgic recollections of the days of old—made complete with Mrs. Allen’s symbolic butterfly no doubt hovering over us. Lastly I would like to extend my sincere ap-preciation to Noriko Matsudaira, chairperson of the History Book Committee, and members of her hard-working committee for making this wonder-ful history book issue of the I.I. magazine in the true spirit of Friendship through Flowers. Marie KawaiPresident, Ikebana International

understand the foundation of our organization, which has been and is supported by the pas-sion and tireless efforts of each member, each chapter, everyone at I.I. Headquar-ters, as well as many iemotos, schools, organizations, and the public at large. I am most grateful and honored to be involved with this very important project, and I believe that all my committee members feel the same. During this period, we have experienced sad fare-wells to iemotos and long-time members who gave continued support to I.I. throughout their lives and left us with fond memories. We cannot thank them enough. To those who have been long with I.I., I am sure that this issue will evoke many happy memories, and to those who are young and new to this organization, please read these accounts of the past and be sure that you are the ones who will harvest Friendship through Flowers in the next twenty-five years. Noriko Matsudaira Chairperson, History Book Committee

As the work on this history book project pro-gressed, I became increasingly conscious of how

Ikebana International represents a harvest of Friend-ship through Flowers. “Fifty years of history” is easy to say, but compiling a clear retrospective of I.I.’s cor-nucopia of activities has proved to be both daunting and rewarding. In the first twenty-five years of our history, I.I. was busy planting seeds of ikebana and friendship across the earth. This second history book tells how the seeds have sprouted and matured beautifully, bearing an abundant harvest all over the world. The reports from the chapters tell us the results. Regional conferences are getting larger and larger, as are the world conventions, and members are more and more interested in attending conferences of regions other than their own. That this publication is titled Friendship through Flowers, the same as the first history book published in 1986 written by Hollistar Ferretti covering the first twenty-five years (1956–81) of Ikebana International, reflects the importance of our unifying and energiz-ing slogan. This history book is being published as one issue of the I.I. magazine, but in book format, so that it will be sent to all members throughout the world. We do hope that this book helps members

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The birth of Ikebana International was vigorous, and sudden. The founder of I.I. and wellspring of energy is, of course, Ellen Gordon Allen. Mrs. Allen’s first stay in Japan was brief (1950–52). She took lessons in two schools, first from Hoga Fujiwara of the Ohara School and, later, concurrent-ly from Koshu Tsujii of Saga Goryu. She developed a lasting friendship with Mr. Reikichi Yokohama, who was impressed by her enthusiasm for ikebana, supported her efforts, and was instrumental in the founding of I.I. He subsequently gained support from both Sofu Teshigahara and Houn Ohara for Mrs. Allen’s ger-minal idea of a Japan-US ikebana organization, as well as from the Cultural Affairs Division of the Foreign Ministry. In Rome, Mrs. Allen began to teach ikebana, and the multinational response made her expand her f irst

Pillars of Ikebana International: The First Twenty-five Years

Ellen Gordon Allen

ing the purpose of the organization; English was the official language; the cherry blossom was the official logo; initial I.I. membership totaled twenty-one.

Building a Strong International Organization

Office: In the early years, I.I.’s mailing address was nothing more than the home address of the corre-sponding secretary. Fay Kramer’s PR office sufficed

for a while, and then in 1959 Dr. Kazuo Ishi-kawa of Shufunotomo Co., Ltd. offered

a storage closet that could be locked and use of a room once a week.

With the increase in member-ship, the office was moved a few times to somewhat larger facili-ties. In 1971, financial realities demanded a downsizing, and

again, Dr. Ishikawa came to the rescue, providing I.I. with conve-

nient and less expensive office space in the Shufunotomo Building, and

idea of a Japan-US ikebana group to an organization of international scope. In her second Japan visit (1955–56), she dove headfirst into the ocean of ikebana and took lessons from the Ikenobo teacher Ueda and Seitei Taguchi of the Sogetsu School as well as from the same teachers of the first visit. Mrs. Allen’s vision of an international orga-nization climaxed at the August 17, 1956, meeting at the Washington Heights Officers Club in Tokyo (facility for US officers) when Fay Kramer orga-nized a large group for her to address. Pressed for time and the need to propose something concrete, Mrs. Allen requested Mr. Yokohama to draft a structural prototype of an international ikebana organization. The response was immediate. Shortly thereafter, at the meeting at International House, Mrs. Allen gave the organization a structure and appointed a roster of officers, the first Board: Fay Kramer, Hilka Smedslund and others. The name Ikebana International was selected as best express-

later, a large facility in the building with spacious storage.Organization: Ikebana International

reached a critical size in the mid-1960s, and it be-came apparent that an independent Headquarters to coordinate the huge and growing organization was needed. At the First World Convention, a resolution was passed to separate Tokyo Founding Chapter and Headquarters. This was carried out in 1965/66, dur-ing the term of President Gail Feerer. Etsuko Hattori became the first president of Tokyo Founding Chapter. Ikebana International’s legal status was of para-mount importance. A move to consider a nonprofit organization status started in 1963, but in 1966/67 tax problems involving I.I. brought the issue to a head, and efforts were made to obtain Shadan Hojin status, one of Japan’s various legal nonprofit orga-nization categories. It took a full year to obtain this designation, a year of complex legal reports and a vast supply of patience by Martha Neese, Etsuko Hattori and Board members.

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Fay Kramer

Then, in 1978, when International President Hatsumi Whitehead translated the Japanese legal document defining I.I. into English, it was found by Parliamentarian Dr. Herberta Ann Leonardy that I.I. had three different sets of governing rules—the Japanese “Articles of Association” just translated, the Constitution, and the International Bylaws. The discrepancies were alarming, and an amendment committee was appointed to “unravel this snarl.” The committee completed the task under President Midori Purdy, and the new Articles of Association were presented to the membership in I.I. magazine #55. At the end of the first twen-ty-five years, I.I. had 173 active chapters in 50 countries with a membership of 12,000 throughout the world.

Get-Togethers, Conferences, Conventions

which was planned for 1975, was postponed one year. Happily, the convention coincided with I.I.’s 20th anniversary and, in a sense, it was a memorial to the founder, Ellen Gordon Allen, who passed away suddenly on June 9, 1972. Margaret Hague recalled, Mrs. Allen had always laughingly said if there was reincarnation, she would like to come back as a butterfly. To this day her friends are poignantly re-

minded of her whenever they see a butterf ly hovering about flowers.

Acknowledgments

Sofu Teshigahara and Houn Ohara were steadfast pillars of support from the very beginning of Mrs. Allen’s enthusiasm for ikebana in the early 1950s, both as major artists and as iemotos of the two

largest ikebana schools in Japan. Sen’ei Ikenobo joined the ranks in

1957, bringing together the Big Three Schools to give stature and strength to

I.I. in its early years. Also I.I.’s early success would not have been possible without the

ous and great-hearted people, such as Mr. Reikichi Yokohama of Mikimoto Co., Ltd.; Dr. Kazuo Ishi-kawa of Shufunotomo Co., Ltd.; Mr. Tetsutaro Iida of Takashimaya Co., Ltd.; Mr. Morisada Hosokawa of Nihon Ikebana Geijutsu Kyokai; Mr. Akira Tsu-nashima of Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.; Norman and Mary Sparnon; and Toshi Takamura. The dedication of past international presidents of the first twenty-five years and of many other members fostered I.I. to become a vigorous and vital organization. These past international presi-dents are: Fay Kramer, Carola Meller, Ruth Scott, Hisako Komine, Gail Feerer, Martha Neese, Etsuko Hattori, Norma Tennekoon, Margaret R. Hague, A. Lucille Hurley, Grace F. Chase, Mary J. Ford, Mona Lutz, Antoinette Ashley, Hatsumi Whitehead and Midori Purdy.

It is natural that the need for broader and direct communication among members increased as chap-ters and membership increased, and meetings of various kinds and scales solved this need. The first such meeting was the First Australian Regional Conference in April 1961, followed a year later by Washington, D.C. Chapter Get-Together (the First North American Regional Conference). These re-gional meetings remain important features of I.I., being not only platforms for airing procedural and organization matters, but venues of communica-tion, creative expression, stimulation, sowing seeds, social contact, and fun. The regional meetings cli-maxed in the world conventions, the first of which was held in May 1965 in Tokyo. The world’s economy affected Ikebana Inter-national as well as other organizations. Due to the first oil shock in 1973, the Third World Convention,

energy, efforts, support, and vision of some gener-

Mrs. Allen’s vision for I.I. called for indepen-dent local chapters with central coordination.

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In Memory of Flower Masters

Sofu TeshigaharaFirst Iemoto of the Sogetsu School (1900–79)

Kasumi TeshigaharaSecond Iemoto of the Sogetsu School (1932–80)

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Houn OharaThird Headmaster of the Ohara School (1908–95)

Natsuki OharaFourth Headmaster of the Ohara School (1949–92)

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Hiroshi TeshigaharaThird Iemoto of the Sogetsu School (1927–2001)

Meikof KasuyaSecond Iemoto of the Ichiyo School (1913–83)

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Ryokai AjiokaGrand Master of Saga Goryu (1903–88)

Koshu TsujiiHead Teacher of Saga Goryu (1883–1963)

Kozan OkadaThird Iemoto of the Kozan School (1932–2002)

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Riei IkedaThird Iemoto of Koryu Shoutoukai (1906–99)

Masahiro IkedaFourth Iemoto of Koryu Shoutoukai (1930–2002)

Soshoen YokochiNineteenth Iemoto of the Soami School (1911–90)

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Isshin MoriSecond Iemoto of Enshuryu Isshin-kai (1913–2002)

Saigetsu YamamotoFirst Iemoto of the Kofu School (1905–2006)

Jyozan YamamotoTenth Iemoto of Yamamura Goryu (1916–95)

Shaping HistoryAccounts of International Presidents

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Rosamonde F. Naegele1981–83

Prince Charles and Princess Diana—nonetheless, we had a full house at the meeting. That was a thrill! Iemoto demonstrations at the convention were partially videotaped for the first time, and tapes were sold to the chapters. This turned out to be more complicated than we thought, since different countries have different videotape systems. It wasn’t the greatest success, but I still have my tape and have sometimes shown it to students. Immediately after the convention we lost our wonderful and loved parliamentarian, Dr. Herberta Leonardy. She had just returned home, told her fam-ily what a wonderful time she had had, and passed away that night. Since she was 87 years old, we had been hesitant about asking her to make the trip. When I called her son, he said the trip was the great-est going-away gift we could have given her. She was replaced by Geraldine Lash of Washington, D.C. Chapter, a registered parliamentarian who taught congressmen. Plans for the next convention were already in progress. The Fifth World Convention would be held in Kyoto in 1986. While there were definite advantages to have the world convention in Tokyo, the Kansai area also had fine schools of ikebana, of which foreigners were not aware. Not only that, Kyoto had a modern convention center, making it possible for larger attendance and allowing non-members to attend the demonstrations, thus increas-ing income and expanding demonstration ideas.

Chapter Activities and PublicationsI made a point of reading every one of the many chapter reports (Form A). As a result, I compiled a list of chapter activities, which I passed on to others. Having now been involved in a chapter out of Japan, I think there are too many members who are too en-grossed in their own chapters and don’t have a good understanding of a worldwide organization. The Experts Committee to compile the book covering the first twenty-five years of I.I. history was formed, chaired by Past International President Midori Purdy.

Plans and ResultsI’ve discovered that remembering details of almost twenty-five years ago is not easy. Mainly what comes to mind is what a wonderful experience it was. Being convention chairperson of the Fourth World Con-vention just prior to becoming international presi-dent gave me, a relative newcomer to the ikebana world, a valuable overview of the worldwide organi-zation and pointed to possible growth changes that might be advantageous for the future. One goal was to answer as many letters from chapter members as I could. Unfortunately, it wasn’t always possible to answer positively. It’s heartbreaking enough when chapters just fall apart, but much more so when political problems make it impossible to continue. During my term, Iran Chapter had to close, and Zimbabwe also had political troubles.

The Fourth World ConventionAt the convention, dues were raised for the first time in years, which did lead to a decrease in member-ship, but most of our members were very loyal. This loyalty was dramatically demonstrated when, dur-ing the Thirteenth Australia/New Zealand Regional Conference in Adelaide when Midori Purdy was the international president, our business meeting was held at exactly the same time as the event with

19

Mrs. Raymond Stoltz of New York Chapter com-piled the Index of Ikebana, covering all of the articles in the I.I. magazines for twenty-five years. (I still use it! She compiled a second one later, and I use that, too.) Directory of Certified Teachers Abroad was also printed and sent to each chapter. It was about this time that the I.I. off ice ac-quired a computer. It was a great advantage, but I never quite agreed with the salesman that paper files would be totally unnecessary—in this country of earthquakes? Four important contributors to the founding of I.I. passed away during my presidency: Iemoto Meikof Kasuya of the Ichiyo School; Dr. Kazuo Ishikawa of Shufunotomo Co., Ltd.; Mr. Tetsutaro Iida of Takashimaya Co., Ltd.; Miss Koha Taira of the Ohara School.

Yuko Matsumura 1983–85

One evening I was clearing my desk and getting ready to leave the office when the phone rang. The call was coming all the way from Luxembourg. It was a conversation about inviting an iemoto to par-ticipate as a demonstrator in the regional conference to be held two years hence. I offered some advice and hung up the phone. Another day had passed without incident, then I was the last to leave the office.

Regional ConferencesThe regional conferences during the time I was in office included the Third ASEAN Regional Confer-ence in March 1984 in Singapore, the Second South American Regional Conference in June of the same year in Asuncion, Paraguay, and in April 1985 the Tenth North American Regional Conference in New Orleans. I also attended the Fifteenth Australia/New Zealand Regional Conference on Australia’s Gold Coast in September 1985, just before my term ended at the Annual General Meeting. Sometimes I was renewing old friendships. Sometimes I was meeting new people in lively exchanges of opinion. All were fruitful encounters. I also participated in the First Hong Kong Symposium in May 1985. Preparations

for the Fifth World Convention in Kyoto in 1986 were another major undertaking.

Official RecognitionIn July 1985, I.I. was officially recognized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a cultural organiza-tion contributing to international exchange. As I recall, we first considered installing a computer to smooth the process of recording and keeping track of our members in 1983. It was 1984–85 when we actually started using it. Until then, we had done everything using typewriters. Since then we have muddled through to reach the present day. One thing I was always thinking about was the need to run meetings according to Robert’s Rules of Order. It wasn’t just I who found them unfamiliar. Since these rules hadn’t taken root in Japan, we held many meetings to study them. With Robert’s Rules, the minutes show only motions, seconds, de-bates, decisions, which is the way the process really ought to work. But the Japanese style of consulting with everyone beforehand, using private unofficial conversations, and forming coalitions has always been part of I.I., hasn’t it? It’s a pity that we haven’t

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Kaeko Nakashima*1985–87

Regional ConferencesThe Fifteenth Australia/New Zealand Regional Conference was held in 1985. Hiroshi Teshigahara, iemoto of the Sogetsu School, was the guest demon-strator. The Fourth ASEAN Regional Conference in Bangkok, Thailand, was held in February 1986, with Iemoto Sen’ei lkenobo of Ikenobo as the guest dem-onstrator. The decision was made at this conference to rename the region and to include the Hong Kong and Taipei chapters; the next regional conference would be called the First Asian Regional Conference. In 1987, the Second European Regional Conference was held in Luxembourg. Iemoto Kasen Yoshimura of Ryusei-Ha was the guest demonstrator. President Kaeko Nakashima, who attended two of the above regional conferences, observed, “In the real spirit of friendship through ikebana, one be-comes friends by expressing one’s hopes and wishes and asking for help in certain situations and working together in obtaining a goal. Regional conferences have been unforgettable experiences for me.”

learned to operate under the procedures shared by organizations around the world. For two decades after I.I. was founded 50 years ago, non-Japanese living in Tokyo made up more than half of our Board. Now non-Japanese Board members, both at Headquarters and in Tokyo Founding Chapter, have become increasingly rare. I say to our current Board members that we need to hold those Robert’s Rules study sessions again. In the 1980s, I.I.’s financial situation was fairly good. At that time our membership had reached more than 11,000. Then came economic growth, the collapse of the economic bubble, and other events. As our membership declined, our expenses increased. The situation became more severe. It used to be that when we held a convention, our membership increased and we would go, at least temporarily, back into the black. But recent years

have seen some of our conventions go heavily into the red. It won’t be easy to keep I.I. going under these conditions. I hope current and future Board members can keep our finances healthy. I have the highest regard for our volunteer mem-bers all over the world who, ever since our found-ing, have worked themselves to the bone, not just at conventions, regional conferences, and symposia, but also day after day to run their chapters, large or small, to keep our organization going. Without their help, our chapters would dissolve and our organiza-tion wither away. I remember someone whispering that her husband had complained during a world convention about not having any clean underwear and how those hearing this chuckled. It isn’t easy, keeping our families happy. I wish to send my very best regards to the current and future Boards for their successful achievements.

The Fifth World ConventionThe Fifth World Convention was held October 1986 at the Kyoto International Conference Hall under Convention Chairperson Noriko Matsudaira, with the theme History of Ikebana. Her Imperial High-ness Princess Mikasa graciously attended the whole program. A specially designed commemorative stamp for the convention was issued by the Japanese Posts and Telecommunications Ministry, with the assistance of Mrs. Hiroko Sato, wife of the former Japanese prime minister. The lectures “The Origin and History of Ikebana” by Professor Tatsusaburo Hayashiya, Director of the Kyoto National Museum, and “Ikebana and Designs” by Mitsukuni Yoshida, Kyoto University, were given with simultaneous translation. Demonstrations by Ikenobo, Enshu, Misho-Ryu, Saga Goryu, Kuwahara Senkei, Omuro, Ohara and Sogetsu used a large video screen (eido-phor) for the first time. The exhibitions included works by 39 iemotos, mainly from Kyoto. Attendees were stimulated by the Art Exhibition, Art Craft Sa-lon, Bonsai Exhibition and by the workshops given by various ikebana schools. At the sayonara dinner,

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a Kyogen (Noh farce), Kaminari, was performed by Sengoro Shigeyama and his family. It was very special. The whole programs were videotaped and kept as records of this memorable event. Starting with this convention we enclosed a copy of the reg-istration form in the magazine to each I.I. member to promote increasing membership. It resulted in a drastic increase of attendees: from about 500 to more than 800, from 100 chapters in 33 countries and Taiwan.

New PublicationsThe history of Ikebana International’s first twenty-five years was published October in 1986 as a soft-cover book entitled Friendship through Flowers in time for the Fifth World Convention and was mailed to all chapters as well. The handy botanical refer-ence Floral Focus was published the same year. Also in 1986, fundraising ikebana note cards to assist chapters involved the creative works of 15 iemotos. A lengthy questionnaire was sent to all chapters, and 90 out of 160 chapters responded. The responses dealt with issues of membership (rising value of the yen affecting membership); chapter programs (most popular attractions were demonstrations by master teachers, workshops conducted by master teachers

and public exhibitions); fundraising (small chapters sponsored white elephant sales, large chapters raised the most by sponsoring demonstrations by iemotos); regional interests (language was stated as a prob-lem in some European countries); Headquarters newsletters (complaints of not seeing their chapter in print—not filling out Form A with interesting material); and the I.I. magazines (overwhelming en-thusiasm, suggested topics for articles, desire to see other languages). Two months after receiving the questionnaire summary there was a response in the president’s News Sheet regarding the I.I. magazine: “I.I. Headquarters’ relevant policy is to encourage the chapters which need translation from English into other languages to do so themselves to the best of their ability. Although our official language is English, Headquarters will continue to make regu-lar translations, that is, on a one-article-into-one-language-per-issue basis.” In February 1985, the Long Range Financial Planning Committee’s structure was presented at the Board meeting and approved in September of the same year.

Towards Friendship and PeaceKaeko Nakashima stated, “It is heartwarming to

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the exchange rate; then they had to collect dues from members and remit them to Headquarters. The commission charged by the banks to deposit and convert foreign checks was prohibitive. Ikebana International received permission from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to open a US-dollar account at Chase Manhattan Bank New York branch. The first year that account received checks from 50 percent of the membership and allowed for consolidation of local bank accounts, resulting in JPY400,000 savings the first year. Personal computers were purchased for the of-fice staff, allowing for greater efficiency in keeping membership and financial records.

Guidance Though my term as international president was short, much was accomplished. I was and am still grateful for the guidance and advice I received from Noriko Matsudaira, Midori Purdy, and Yuko Matsumura during my years as president. Prior to becoming president, I served as corresponding secretary and first vice-president. I am grateful to Kaeko Nakashima, who preceded me as president, for her gentle ways. Perhaps I am biased, but I think the Board of Directors during my years as president was one of the best. Everyone was dedicated to ex-panding the membership and enabling Headquar-ters to be of greater assistance to members.

Projects and BusinessThe Board of Directors determined that increased communication between Headquarters, chapters, and Members-at-Large was a priority. To that end, a new format was created for Chapter Activities to reflect the diversity of membership and celebrate the vibrancy of the chapters. A new editor of the maga-zine was selected, Mrs. Lynn Tsang, and with the change came a renewed focus on flowers and the art of ikebana. The Board explored the idea of developing a video library of demonstrations and lessons from various iemotos. The library was created, but, un-fortunately, was not a success. The most significant innovation during my term was a simplification of the dues-paying process. Pay-ment of dues was a frustrating process for the mem-bership and the office staff. Chapters determined

Marilyn Hoskins1987–88

know that our motto, Friendship through Flow-ers, is a dynamic one,” when referring to the many charitable and community events that the chapters promoted. “To raise funds for necessities by offering beauty is to be commended.” “I realize that this position as president is a unique one. One must be acquainted with Japa-nese customs and as well understand other ways of

thinking. We are all different, each individual, each culture is like ikebana material. The final arrange-ment is beautiful, and thus we can work towards friendship and peace.”

*Mrs. Kaeko Nakashima passed away in July 2000. In her honor and with respect, this synopsis was prepared by Karen Napoli.

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The Articles of Association and Bylaws were revised and submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. One other achievement of my term as president was to designate one cherry blossom icon as the of-ficial Ikebana International symbol. Traveling to Kyoto with Noriko Matsudaira to attend the funeral of Chief Abbot Ryokai Ajioka of Saga Goryu organized under the auspices of the Daikakuji Temple is one of the most memorable ex-periences during my presidency.

Regional ConferencesI attended two regional conferences while president—the Third South American Regional Conference in Buenos Aires in 1987, where Iemoto Akihiro Ka-

PreliminariesI came to Japan when my husband was posted in To-kyo by his company in 1985. Years previously I had seen New York Chapter’s exhibition at the New York City Flower Show. I was determined then that when the time was right I would study ikebana. I began my lessons at the Ohara School’s International Divi-

Louise Daggs1988–90

sion, determined to learn as much as possible while living at the source. Ikebana lessons consumed most of my time with classes four days a week. I joined Tokyo Founding Chapter, was appointed ways and means chairperson, served on the Fifth World Convention Agenda Committee, and volun-teered for the Convention Registration Committee.

suya of the Ichiyo and Shuho Sasaki of the Sogetsu schools were the guest demonstrators. I was also fortunate enough to celebrate the Australian Bi-centennial at the Sixteenth Australia/New Zealand Regional Conference in Sydney, 1988. Headmaster Houn Ohara and Iemoto Sen’ei Ikenobo were the guest demonstrators. It was awe inspiring to bring the message of Friendship through Flowers with these great masters of the art. Many years have passed since I was president. I have seen the great ikebana schools pass from one generation to the next. It is a fine thing to experi-ence the art of ikebana prospering around the world through the dedicated membership of Ikebana In-ternational.

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In 1986, International President Kaeko Nakashima appointed me as corresponding secretary. In 1987, under International President Marilyn Hoskins, I served as chairperson of the newly formed Long-Range Financial Planning Committee. This committee was charged with solving the problem of extremely high bank charges for transfers of dues and payments from other currencies into yen and with initiating a project to computerize accounting and other office functions. I was elected international president in 1988. I took office first as acting president in June due to the early departure of International President Mari-lyn Hoskins and assumed full duties in September 1988. I served two years as international president, from 1988 to 1990. My tenure gave continuity to the financial project underway when most of the other members of the Long-Range Financial Planning Committee had left Tokyo. I provided leadership over the next two years to computerize the account-ing system, upgrade the membership computer pro-gram, and add capability for in-house publishing of some standard reports and forms. This process at times caused great anxiety, but in the end stream-lined the office functions greatly. During my term in office, the Japanese Foreign Ministry approved revisions to the Articles of As-sociation, which included the Life Membership cat-egory approved at the Fifth World Convention. The Ta-Ke-No-Ko Membership Drive in the autumn of 1988 gave a boost to new memberships in preparation for the Sixth World Convention. A special project to reissue the first 1956 issue of I.I. magazine originally was undertaken. As a com-memorative issue, this was an exact replica of the original and offered to membership worldwide in 1990.

Regional ConferencesI attended three regional conferences in my first year: the Asian Regional Conference, renamed from the ASEAN Regional Conference, was held in Jakarta in September 1988. This change expanded the participation of the chapters in Japan with other Asian chapters. Iemoto Akihiro Kasuya of the Ichiyo School demonstrated. At the Eleventh North Ameri-can Regional Conference in San Diego, Headmaster-

Designate Natsuki Ohara of the Ohara School and Iemoto Kobai Naruse of the Chiko School demon-strated. At the Third European Regional Conference hosted by Geneva Chapter in 1989, Head Teacher Hakushu Tsujii of Saga Goryu demonstrated. In my second year I attended two more re-gional conferences: the Seventeenth Australia/New Zealand Regional Conference in Christchurch, New Zealand, at which Iemoto Akihiro Kasuya of the Ichiyo School demonstrated; and the Fourth South American Regional Conference in Santiago, Chile, where Professor Shoun Hiraide of the Ohara School and Master Teacher Tetsunori Kawana of the Sogetsu School demonstrated.

Frequent Chapter Miles In addition to these conferences, I used my frequent f lier miles to visit chapters outside of Japan. My objective to expand the international spirit within chapters whenever I traveled was met with great enthusiasm. I attended anniversary celebrations in Manila and Taipei and visited regular chapter meetings in Hong Kong, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, and San Francisco. I also made many trips to chap-ters in Japan.

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The Appeal of IkebanaWe moved to Tokyo in the summer of 1987. I con-sider that time to be the most inspirational and adventuresome of our life to date. I knew that there were many special things to learn and see in Japan. Because I had always been involved in gardening and horticulture, it was natural to be drawn to the exquisite art of ikebana. I began taking lessons at the Ichiyo School and looked forward to every lesson and attended as many exhibitions as possible. Soon I was asked to join the I.I. Board as recording secretary, and when Louise Daggs returned to the US, I was nominated to be international president.

The Sixth World ConventionSo many things happened during my short tenure as international president. But the Sixth World Convention was the most special event for me. With the theme The Tradition and Future of Ikebana, the convention was held October 3 to 7, 1991, at the Tokyo Prince Hotel and the NHK Hall as main sites under the direction of Convention Chairperson

Noriko Matsudaira and her committees. It was the first time that we opened our program to the public and sold tickets at the NHK Hall. We had the Japa-nese translation in the souvenir program. We also invited foreign students to the hall. The demonstrations, by 10 leading iemotos at the NHK Hall, were the most impressive and breathtak-ing in the history of Ikebana International. Also for the first time, the stage was run and directed by a professional, an NHK producer, and everything was computerized. I was most impressed with a fantastic demonstration by my teacher, Iemoto Akihiro Ka-suya of the Ichiyo School. We had a most successful business meeting at the convention, and members began to realize the cost of running the Headquarters. We needed to increase membership, or increase dues, and everyone associ-ated with the organization realized that they had to assume responsibility for our future. The Tree Planting Ceremony commemorating the 35th anniversary of this organization was held at the Showa Memorial Park on October 8, 1991, and H.I.H. Princess Mikasa and a representative from each region participated in this event.

Other BusinessI was invited to attend the exhibition of Sapporo Chapter during the Snow Festival. I also visited Oki-nawa Chapter to present it with a certificate honor-ing its 35th anniversary. Another trip was to attend the Second Asian Regional Conference in Taipei in 1990. Iemoto Sen’ei Ikenobo of Ikenobo was the guest demonstrator. The Chapter Directive was revised in 1991. There were other special moments for me such as changing the format of the magazine. The new logo for the convention was designed, and this logo has been in use for the I.I. magazines and Headquarters stationery. I strongly recommended the Kozan School to join the magazine. I thought members would ap-preciate the naturalistic and classical style of this school.

Karen M. Pinard1990–92

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Noriko Matsudaira1992–94

Sakura News When my predecessor, Karen Pinard, left office in March, I became acting president for the remaining five months of her term. My first job was to launch the Sakura News. The I.I. magazines were not de-signed to keep members in touch with Headquar-ters. Sakura News was intended to address the need for more communication from Tokyo, directly to each member by airmail. That Sakura News contin-ues to be published and is playing an ever-larger role makes me very happy.

Winds of ChangeAround that time we were becoming aware of the danger posed by the unintended but natural in-crease in our membership fee that resulted from a stronger yen value. Office Manager Masayuki Ka-gami created a whole series of easy-to-understand spreadsheets describing I.I.’s economic situation. Karen Pinard and I took them with us as we made the rounds of regional conferences. They were enor-mously helpful to us to explain the situation. The second step I took was to reduce the size of our Board of Directors. Karen Pinard and Lou-ise Daggs both had recommended this action. To improve the performance of the Board and return to the original form envisioned in I.I.’s Bylaws, we reduced the number of members and set up the following three groups: (1) the Board of Past Presidents, (2) the Board of Representatives of Ike-bana Schools, and (3) the Conference of Chapter Presidents in Japan. As a result, the number of Board members was reduced from 36 to 20. The first meet-ing of Representatives of Ikebana Schools was held in May, with representatives of 11 schools attending. The major issue was the cost of sending demonstra-tors to overseas conferences. During this year I participated in the Fourth European Regional Conference and the Third South

Unfortunately, we were transferred just prior to the end of my second year. Noriko Matsudaira gra-ciously completed my term and then began her own term as president. Often I reflect on the richness and impact of my experience with I.I. ... how I look at f lowers, how I design my gardens, how I understand and take plea-sure in cultural diversity, and how I recognize that true leadership is not what you say and do but how you listen and try to integrate what others express and what they need.

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African Regional Symposium hosted by Harare Chapter in Zimbabwe.

Sad EventsThis was also a year of sad events. Kyoko Yoshimura, wife of Iemoto Kasen Yoshimura of Ryusei-Ha, and the Fourth Headmaster Natsuki Ohara of the Ohara School, both passed away. Mrs. Yoshimura had been an active ikebana master herself and had always given her all for the sake of I.I. The death of Headmaster Natsuki Ohara was a great shock to ev-eryone. He had been active in ikebana since his high school days, and his achievements were impressive. It was truly a great sadness to lose him, and at such a young age.

1992–93

Big EventsThe big event was having H.I.H. Princess Mikasa be-come our Honorary President. Since 1970, Princess Mikasa had graciously served as Honorary Patroness of our world conventions. We asked that she become Honorary President for all I.I. activities. The Impe-rial Household Agency acceded to this request, and on March 18, Princess Mikasa was formally installed in this new, comprehensive office. The First Conference of Chapter Presidents in Japan was an epoch-making event. In retrospect, we see that American members played a major role

in getting the organization started. But by this time Japanese members were the core of our organization. It was time for us to ask ourselves what we could do to support I.I. The presidents of 12 chapters, ranging from Sapporo to Okinawa, assembled. Fay Kramer, who had served as the first international president while she was in Japan, came to offer her congratu-lations.

Fay Kramer HonoredIt was a great joy that Fay Kramer was awarded the Fifth Class Order of the Precious Crown by the Jap-anese government. I.I. magazine Volume 37, Issue 2, was dedicated to George and Fay Kramer. During this year, I participated in the Twelfth North American Regional Conference in Philadel-phia and the Third Asian Regional Conference in Hong Kong.

Meetings, Reports and More MeetingsThat year, when chapter presidents in Japan assem-bled for a second time, our accountants told us that our JPY5,000 membership fee was too low to keep us out of trouble. At the request of the Showa Memorial Park in Tachikawa, Tokyo, a two-day outdoor ikebana exhi-bition was held on October 17 and 18. Ten ikebana artists exhibited their works in an outstanding dis-play of contemporary ikebana. Other outdoor ike-bana exhibitions were put on by I.I. in Hibiya Park

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and Kasai Park. These events helped to introduce the idea that ikebana can also be enjoyed outdoors. This year also saw a meeting of school represen-tatives, who heard iemotos report on regional con-ferences around the world. These reports played an important role in raising consciousness inside Japan concerning what goes on at regional conferences. Headquarters directors received a sharp reminder of the significance of their positions and the need to pay close attention to the world outside Japan. Pleading advanced age, our parliamentarian, Mrs. Geraldine Lash, submitted her resignation. Her contributions at the Fifth and Sixth World Conven-tions were highly praised. Later, Kathy Roper was appointed as her successor.

1993–94

My second year as president began by welcoming H.I.H. Princess Mikasa as our Honorary President at the First Special Leadership Council Meeting, with iemotos, past international presidents, and the newly elected members of our Board. This was the first time that the Princess and iemotos had par-ticipated in a meeting at which we presented our annual report, our financial report, our plan, and our budget for the next fiscal year, an extraordinary opportunity for the Princess and iemotos to under-stand I.I.’s management. The Third Conference of Chapter Presidents in Japan was held on September 24, 1993. During the opening remarks, a minute of silence was observed in memory of Monica Kelley, the former Kobe Chap-ter president, who had died suddenly the previous year. So many of our most ardent members from so many different places have left us. To commemorate their service we added an “In Memoriam” column to Sakura News in which their names are listed. This year we were once again invited by the Showa Memorial Park and Parks Association to hold an outdoor ikebana exhibition from October 25 to 31. A special committee was formed, and 9 interna-tional members of I.I. joined 38 ikebana artists from Japan in presenting their works. This event was a great success, and the photo collection published after it ended won high praise.

Basic ChangesThe major task of 1993 was the revision of the Ar-ticles of Association and International Bylaws of Ikebana International. A portion of the Bylaws had been revised the previous year, but the Articles of Association were further revised by a committee headed by Saeko Umemura. The points revised were as follows.

1) Notice that our Honorary President is a mem-ber of the imperial family

2) The addition of managing directors in charge of protocol and development, and

3) Granting the title of Founding Flower Master Advisors to the iemotos of the three largest schools (Ikenobo, Ohara and Sogetsu), and excluding them from ex officio membership on the Board of Directors.

Giving these iemotos this status was customary but not prescribed in our Bylaws. The change was accepted, and the iemotos approved it. The revised Articles of Association was accepted by the Board in December and authorized by the Ministry of For-eign Affairs in August 1994.

Active and ThrivingThe Eighteenth Australia/New Zealand Regional Conference was held in Melbourne in 1993, with Iemoto Hiroshi Teshigahara of the Sogetsu School as the guest demonstrator. The date of the meeting was also the 80th birthday of Norman Sparnon, for whom a special birthday party was held in honor of his long years of service to the Sogetsu School as well as Ikebana International in Australia. Shortly afterwards, he fell ill and died. On April 5, we enjoyed an extremely happy event. The cherry trees planted in 1991 to celebrate our 35th anniversary and the Sixth World Conven-tion bloomed. H.I.H. Princess Mikasa, accompanied by her daughter Yasuko Konoe, made an unofficial visit to see them. In 1994, I.I.’s international network included eastern Germany. Wherever we look around the world, we have active and thriving chapters. Sakura News is now filled with their contributions in a flourishing network of international exchange.

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Advice and ResponsibilityEvery day for two years, I felt the great responsibil-ity of being president of Ikebana International—a nearly forty-year-old, worldwide organization with 10,000 members. I made every effort to keep fore-most in my attention the concerns of our members, without whom there is no organization. I received excellent advice and support from many people during my two years as international president, but the guidance from past international presidents was extremely important to me. Within a few days of the start of my term as in-ternational president in September 1994, I was sent to Kyoto to give the opening greetings at an I.I.-organized event, Flower Expressions ’94, which was held in connection with the 1,200th anniversary of Kyoto becoming the imperial capital. This suc-cessful two-day event (all 500 tickets were sold out each day) featured four young artists: two Japanese women destined to be future iemotos of ikebana schools, Yuki Ikenobo and Akane Teshigahara; one Japanese male f lower designer, Mr. Keita Kawasaki of the Mami Flower Design School; one American male f lower arranger, Mr. Frank Cushing from the American Institute of Floral Design. This was the first large public event organized by I.I., and the first time for ikebana artists to be on the same pro-gram as floral artists.

WebsiteIn June 1996, we opened the Ikebana International website. It was in 1995–96 that Headquarters first started to use email and that the publication manag-er first used a computer to prepare the magazine for publication (resulting in a 15 percent cost savings, which paid for the purchase of the computer). Because I.I. was one of the first organizations rep-resenting traditional Japanese arts to create its own website, it received extensive coverage in both the Japanese- and English-language press. The website was the result of an extremely generous donation from NEC, the Japanese computer company, obtained by Hanako Sato. Thanks to her efforts and those of many other members, the website continues its success.

EconomicsIn 1994–95, the yen appreciated sharply with respect to the US dollar, so severely that we seri-ously thought our organization might be destroyed. We decided to use an artif icial exchange rate of JPY100=US$1.00 for the international dues. That benefited overseas members who were paying in dollars, but resulted in I.I. having to dip into its sav-ings to make up for lost income. I worked hard to raise funds, writing to many consultants for advice and establishing the custom of the International Board holding small fundraising events. An I.I. flag with a simple design that featured the cherry blossom logo designed by Mrs. Gyokko Tanaka, and the I.I. seal was created for sale to chap-ters. In addition, with the cooperation of the Seattle Chapter, Headquarters sold attractive I.I. T-shirts. These fundraising activities were designed so that it would be impossible (or almost impossible) for I.I. to lose money on them. For example, all the items we sold were made only after an order had been received, so there was never a costly backlog of unsold inventory. The fundraising events sponsored by the Inter-national Board had outstanding results. In 1995–96, the Board’s fundraising efforts resulted in total net donations of over JPY 1 million. Other important

Stephanie Tomiyasu1994–96

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benefits of these events were the goodwill and joy felt by members and guests who participated, and an enhanced image for I.I. At that time, chapters were disbanding because they were unable to draw in younger members and because elderly members on fixed incomes were finding that the appreciation of the yen made it dif-ficult to pay dues. It was important to bring in new, younger, members. In 1995–96, I initiated a member-ship drive. The membership increased to over 10,000, reversing a marked two-year downward trend.

Regional ConferencesI had the great privilege and honor of representing Ikebana International as international president at the Fourth Asian Regional Conference in Bangkok (November 1994), the Thirteenth North American Regional Conference in Honolulu (April 1995), and the Fifth European Regional Conference in Nîmes, France (June 1995). Friendships that I made at those regional conferences continue to this day and have enriched my life. The Amendment Committee in 1995–96 revised the Chapter Directive, and the new version was issued in August 1996. Preparation of the World Convention Guidelines was initiated in 1995–96 and completed the following year. The field of ikebana as a whole was saddened by the death in March 1995 of the great artist Houn Ohara, headmaster of the Ohara School, and of Norman Sparnon, the distinguished Sogetsu teacher from Australia, who died in June 1995. During my term, the Convention Committee, under the direction of Emily Brown, worked hard to prepare for the Ikebana International Seventh World Convention, which was held in Nagoya in the autumn of 1996, after the end of my term.

Lincolna M. Guilfoile1996–97

Early DaysMy involvement with Ikebana International began in 1956, when our family returned to Tokyo due to my husband’s reassignment. We had been in Tokyo from 1949 to 1952, during which time I had stud-ied Japanese sumi-e painting at the Washington Heights Officers’ Club. This is the time when I met Virginia Davis, who started painting cover designs for the I.I. magazines later on. At that time, Sofu Teshigahara was teaching Sogetsu ikebana at the same Officers’ Club.

Artworks and World ConventionsWhen we returned to Japan in 1962, I continued with the Japanese painting class. At the time when Mona Lutz was international president, I was asked

to do the cover paintings for issues #43 and #44 of the I.I. magazine. Issues #45 and #46 were drawn by Virginia Davis. Issue #47, which was autumn flowers and foliage, was my drawing, and this was the last hand-painted cover. After this issue, professional photographs were used for the covers. At the time of the Fourth World Convention in 1981, I was asked to design and prepare the program book for the occasion, a challenging but exciting project for me. At the Fifth World Convention, Nor-iko Matsudaira, convention chairperson, appointed me to be program chairperson. Mrs. Gyokko Tana-ka, my painting teacher, drew the cover, and I did the paintings inside the book. The Sixth World Convention was held in To-kyo again in 1991. The demonstrations were held

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at NHK Hall. Once again, I served as convention coordinator and program chairperson. It had been Convention Chairperson Noriko Matsudaira’s long-time dream to use the NHK Hall, and it was thrill-ing for me to be the mistress of ceremonies in both English and Japanese for all the demonstrations.

The Seventh World ConventionThe Seventh World Convention was held in Nagoya October 3–7, 1996. The Nagoya Congress Center and the Aichi Arts Center were the main venues. Barbara Franke first directed the convention com-mittee, but after her return to the US, Emily Brown succeeded to her position. The convention commit-tee members were from Tokyo, Kamakura, Kobe, Fukuoka, Kyoto and the host chapter, Nagoya. Their experience and dedication, despite the distances, enabled a successful convention. Since this convention was the last of the 20th century, the theme was Ikebana: A Bridge to the Next Century. We invited two iemotos from the Nagoya area, and a total of eight schools gave dem-onstrations at the Nagoya Congress Center. Despite the distance from Tokyo and Kyoto to Nagoya, those schools gave tremendous support to the convention. Iemoto Kobai Naruse of the Chiko School kindly gave a demonstration even after her great loss in the terrible earthquake disaster the previous year in Kobe. The forum was a new idea. The theme of Ike-bana, Its Future and Our Earth was chosen under the direction of Kosen Otsubo. The panelists were non-Japanese who lived in Japan, and an ikebana critic was also invited. Their views and opinions on this subject were detailed and interesting. We

received excellent feedback from members, who felt that this idea should be continued. The other new program was that two flower artists, Mr. Keita Kawasaki of the Mami Flower Design School and Mr. Toshiro Kawase of Kaze-no-kai, were invited to perform at the convention. The performances were both very different from each other and also from ikebana demonstrations. The program received strong mixed opinions.

Floral FocusI had started this project mainly for Japanese teach-ers who did not understand enough English and for their foreign students who did not know Japanese. Therefore, Floral Focus is divided in two sections. If you start from the front of the book, the first column is in English, the middle column has the botanical name, and the last column is the Japanese name. If you start from the other end of the book, you will find that the first column is in Japanese, the middle column in Japanese characters, and the right-hand column in English. This way, students, teachers and f lorists can make good use of this booklet. The compilation took me almost three years, and Junko Nakagawa and I spent the last two years checking the spelling, proofreading, and re-writing. Floral Focus was completed in time for the Seventh World Convention. In the last Sakura News of my tenure, in May 1997, I wrote that due to personal and health rea-sons, I had decided not to continue as president for a second term. I certainly enjoyed working for I.I. and still do, but within my capabilities.

1997–98

Official EventsThe Fourth Conference of Chapter Presidents in Japan was held at the Kobe Club on September 19, 1997. The incoming Board was introduced. I thanked outgoing International President Lincolna

Guilfoile and handed over the official past interna-tional president brooch. The Special Leadership Council Meeting was held at International House in October 1997.

Regional ConferencesSoon after being sworn in as international presi-

Emily Brown1997–99

3333

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dent, my first duty was to attend the Nineteenth Australian/New Zealand Regional Conference held in Auckland, New Zealand in September 1997. The demonstrator was Professor Kayoko Namba of the Ohara School. Three chapters—Manila, Cagayan de Oro and Davao—hosted the Sixth Asian Regional Con-ference in the Philippines in February 1998, a well-attended regional conference with the guest demonstrator Iemoto Sen’ei Ikenobo of Ikenobo. The I.I. 45th Anniversary Song was born during my first year as president. We sifted through a large selection of songs from members across the world, and though it was not until the Eighth World Con-vention in 2001 that it was first heard, it was well worth waiting for. Headquarters arranged for various fundraising events to be held during the year. We are very grate-ful to the ambassadors’ wives who kindly opened up their residences to I.I. to allow us venues for lectures and cultural programs. The Amendments Committee finished updating the Regional Conference Guidelines. This was made available to chapters hosting a regional conference.

1998–99

MeetingsThe Fifth Conference of Chapter Presidents in Ja-pan and the Annual General Meeting were held at the Tokyo American Club in September 1998. The Board members for the fiscal year 1998–99 were for-mally installed. The international treasurer reported on the previous fiscal year’s accounts and the com-ing fiscal year’s budget. The Joint Meeting, officially named Special Leadership Council Meeting, with Honorary President H.I.H. Princess Mikasa, iemo-tos, honorary advisors, past international presidents and the Board members, was held at International House on September 14, 1998.

ActivitiesThe Fourth South African Regional Symposium was held in September 1998 in Johannesburg, hosted by both Pretoria and Johannesburg chapters. Iemoto Akihiro Kasuya of the Ichiyo School was the guest demonstrator. The Fourteenth North American

Regional Conference hosted by Ottawa Centennial Chapter was held in Ottawa in October 1998. Iemo-to Rihoh Semba of Koryu Shoohkai was the guest demonstrator. Fundraising activities continued with ambas-sadors’ wives generously opening their residences to our members. The Amendments Committee started work on putting together the World Convention Guidelines. The Eighth World Convention chairperson was formally announced: Michiko Suzuki. The conven-tion was scheduled for March 2001 in Yokohama. It was an honor to serve as international presi-dent for two years. Though not an easy task, I was very grateful to have had the experience of being first vice-president and world convention chairper-son. This gave me good solid background knowledge of how Ikebana International works both locally and internationally. I was also grateful to have had a truly experienced, willing and enthusiastic Board.

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Noriko Matsudaira1999–2001

1999–2000

I became international president for a second time. Committee members were already energetically involved in preparations for the Eighth World Con-vention. Preparing the ground for acceptance of an increase in dues was imperative. For nineteen years, the dues had been JPY5,000. As the yen strength-ened and our members aged, our situation had become increasingly difficult. This would be an op-portunity to secure our members’ understanding of why the dues increase was necessary.

FundraisingI was very grateful, indeed, for the support of the chapters in Japan. Like the American members who supported us during our earliest history, the Japanese chapters called on each of their members for additional support in the form of a JPY2,000 “Annual Donation” for three years leading up to the world convention. Through the goodwill of many different embas-sies, we were able to raise funds by holding events in official residences, and the committee was able to plan many enjoyable fundraising events. One par-ticularly impressive example was an opera program held at the Embassy of Canada, a truly gorgeous afternoon at which foreign opera stars visiting Japan put on a performance of arias from Don Giovanni. We tried our best to think of other ways to keep our organization going, but our membership numbers began to fall. During a demonstration requested by Kyoto Chapter, I spoke on the topic “I.I. and I,” reviewing our organization’s history. Since so many of our members, and not just the new ones, are unfamil-iar with this history, my words were received with great interest. Not a few people were surprised to discover that I.I.’s long record of achievements is the work of volunteers. I gave the same program at Fukuoka Chapter.

CommunicatingAfter two years of work, the World Convention Guidelines were completed; they were prepared by a committee led by Emily Brown, who had pointed out the need for such guidelines now and for those organizing future conventions. In the second year of my term, Sakura News continued to be a vital tool for quickly communi-cating information about the world convention to our members around the world. For the first time, entries were solicited for an official I.I. Song to celebrate I.I’s 45th anniversary. Lincolna Guilfoile headed the committee in charge of promoting the song contest.

2000–01

The Eighth World ConventionThe Eighth World Convention was held from March 9 to 12, 2001, at Pacif ico Yokohama, the Pacific Convention Plaza Yokohama. A total of 808 attendees from 70 chapters in 29 countries par-ticipated. The need to raise the annual dues was presented to the members present, and a motion to raise the dues passed with no difficulty. I wish, in particular, to express my heartfelt gratitude to our parliamentarian, Kathy Roper, and to the chair of our Resolutions Committee, Susan Cano, for the

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preparations that enabled the business meeting to operate so smoothly. The theme of this world convention was Ikebana Reflections for the 21st Century. As mentioned pre-viously, to celebrate our 45th anniversary, we held an I.I. Song contest. The winner was Valerie Eccleston from Washington, D.C. Chapter, who introduced this truly beautiful song in a solo performance dur-ing our opening ceremony. The ikebana exhibition was open to the public, and the exhibition hall was filled with visitors. The ikebana demonstrations by overseas members located near the entrance were a powerful draw to people passing by. One of the sad transitions that year included the death of Iemoto Hiroshi Teshigahara of the Sogetsu School. I had urged the Organizing Committee to have him lecture at the convention, and the iemoto had agreed. After he fell ill, from his hospital bed he spoke through video with music, telling us about the scope of the Sogetsu School and showing us some of its most distinctive and impressive works. It was absolutely unforgettable. One incident that had a decisive inf luence on my life occurred back in the late 1970s when I was a Sogetsu School instructor and first vice-president of Tokyo Founding Chapter. At a Sogetsu study ses-sion, Iemoto Sofu Teshigahara, who was still vigor-ous and active then, said, “Mrs. Matsudaira, please do all you can for I.I.” I didn’t know what to say, that

was so unexpected. He then repeated his request. I later realized that that was, in a way, his bequest to me—and, as you know, I have been deeply involved with I.I. ever since. Sadly, H.I.H. Princess Mikasa had to give up her honorary presidency for reasons of health, resigning after the world convention. Her involve-ment with I.I. had spanned three decades and, particularly since 1993, with the annual Special Leadership Council meetings, she had been fully informed about our activities. Her support was of great significance to I.I., for which we are most grateful. The world convention was a good start for I.I. in the 21st century, and I am deeply grateful to all who made it possible, and especially to Michiko Suzuki, who chaired the Organizing Committee, and all who served so long and hard to make it happen. Ikebana International is a living organization, responsive to changing times.

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Complications UnraveledIkebana International 2001–02 was unusual to say the least. No sooner had the Board and I taken of-fice, but the tragedy of September 11 struck and stopped the world. Not long afterward my husband’s company repatriated us to the US. With the nominating committee unable to find a successor, on September 18, 2001, I offered a so-lution and the Board accepted: I would continue as international president—on condition that the Board would continue its search in earnest for a new president. First Vice-President Ayako Katsu-mata would serve as acting president in my absence, and I would conduct day-to-day business with the Board and the Headquarters staff by telephone, email and fax. Also, I would return to Tokyo every two to three months to perform the most critical duties. Not to be a financial burden, I offered to underwrite all travel, telephone, email and fax expenses between Japan and the US at my personal expense. Ms. Katsumata did an excellent job as acting president; I made four trips to Tokyo for I.I. in December 2001, March and August 2002, and the year ended. To the extent we could, we made some headway in reaching the goals we had identified to increase mem-bership, support chapters, improve two-way commu-nications between chapters and Headquarters.

H.I.H. Princess Takamado Becomes Honor-ary PresidentOn August 21, 2001, H.I.H. Princess Takamado be-came Honorary President of Ikebana International, succeeding H.I.H. Princess Mikasa, who retired af-ter ten years of dedicated leadership. On September 20, Past International President Noriko Matsudaira, Protocol Advisor Toshi Takamura and I made an official visit to Princess Takamado to express our gratitude.

A New OfficeIn the summer of 2001, Shufunotomo Co., Ltd., our Headquarters landlord of 30 years, reluctantly in-

Anna Nakada2001–02

formed us that they were putting the Ochanomizu Square Building up for sale and we would have to move. Several backbreaking months later, on Janu-ary 20, 2002, Ayako Katsumata, chairperson of the Move Committee comprising Board members and volunteers, supervised the Headquarters move to the nearby Misaki Building in Kanda Ogawamachi. Shufunotomo generously provided partial funding for the move.

Members, Chapters, Reports, RecordsSecond Vice-President Kazuko Yokosuka, Corre-sponding Secretary Kayoko Suzuki, and Historian Mariko Miyamoto created a system of personalizing contact with chapters. Also, to bring us into the 21st century and make chapter and membership data processing and record keeping more efficient, they designed a new set of reporting forms—for the first time available in email format. Third Vice-President Hanako Sato reported that, as of September 2002, total membership was 8,922 in 60 countries with 158 chapters. Amendments Chairperson Marie Kawai and committee compiled the 2002 editions of the Ar-ticles of Association and International Bylaws of Ikebana International as well as Chapter Directive 2003.

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Publications and WebsitesToyoko Tokuhisa, as Sakura News editor, a newly created position, revamped the newsletter to focus more on future ikebana exhibitions and events throughout the world and timely communications from Headquarters. As of October 2001, we adopted a new domain name [www.ikebanaHQ.org] supplanting the old I.I. website that had been founded and maintained by Hanako Sato since 1986. For the future, our Board recommended outsourcing the management of the new I.I. website to professionals.

FinancesTreasurer Nobuko Usui and Assistant Treasurer Miyuki Tsureishi reported that income from membership had increased JPY1.5 million over the September 2001 level in spite of a 6 percent drop in membership over the last fiscal year. Su-pervising Auditor Kiyoko Mizukoshi completed another round of audits and reports to the Foreign Ministry. A new advertisement for the I.I. magazine was gained by the efforts of Michiko Motomura.

Public Relations and Development The Open House Celebration, March 26, 2002, at the new offices of Headquarters and Tokyo Found-ing Chapter, was attended by 90 people—including

3 iemotos, 4 representatives from schools, 7 ambas-sadors’ wives, 9 past international presidents.

Regional ConferencesThe Board voted in February 2002 to increase the remuneration to iemotos who demonstrate at re-gional conferences and strengthen support of iemo-tos and conference-sponsoring chapters overseas. The Board approved the following regional con-ferences: Twenty-first Australia/New Zealand Re-gional Conference by Lismore/Gold Coast chapters, May 5–8, 2003; Fifteenth North American Regional Conference by Chicago Chapter, October 1–5, 2003; Ninth Asian Regional Conference by Taipei Chap-ter, November 4–7, 2004; Sixth European Regional Conference, Basel, Switzerland, March 25–28, 2004, sponsored by Basel, Berlin, Biberach/Riss and Zur-ich chapters.

AcknowledgmentsMy colleagues on the Board of Directors worked tirelessly for I.I. The members of our Headquarters administrative staff brought commitment and pro-fessionalism to keep I.I. moving forward. Working with them and being in touch with thousands of members throughout the world was my personal honor and the meaning of Friendship through Flowers.

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Michiko Suzuki2002–04

The OfficeThe Ikebana International Eighth World Conven-tion, held at the Pacifico in Yokohama, was success-fully concluded in March 2001. Later, after all the records of the convention had been submitted to Headquarters, my more than three-year tenure as chairperson of the Convention Committee, which had planned the event, came to an end. I had begun the work before September, but the I.I. office, which had moved in January 2002, was not fully organized. The work of getting Head-quarters functions operating smoothly was my first major task. I also had the problem of hiring new staff, since some of our long-term office staff members were retiring or planning to. Coping with a change of generations among our core staff as well as the move were thus major tasks throughout my term of office. Training our new hires so that operations quickly proceeded smoothly and that Headquarters was able to support our chapters and members throughout the world was, therefore, my top priority. Hiring new staff members can sometimes be stressful, but I was delighted to be able to find the right people to fill all the positions.

Sad NewsAt the start of my first year, I was, sadly, informed of the deaths of a series of persons who had been of great help to I.I. These included Isshin Mori, iemoto of Enshuryu Isshin-kai, and Kozan Okada, the third iemoto of the Kozan School. Saddest of all was the death of H.I.H Prince Takamado, husband of Honorary President H.I.H Princess Takamado. I attended their funerals and prayed for the repose of their souls.

The Ninth World ConventionWith the appointment of Yoriko Ikezawa as chair-person of the Convention Committee for Ikebana International Ninth World Convention, to be held in Tokyo in 2006, preparations for the convention got underway.

Regional Conferences and Subsidy The holding of established I.I. regional conferences, and the rush of requests to hold new ones, was a source of great satisfaction to us at Headquarters. Because we had a little financial leeway, we of-ficers were committed to the idea that the funds, however small, should be used for the benefit of our members throughout the world. The outcome of our discussion was that supporting regional conferences in regions for which Headquarters had not provided support would be an appropriate way to return the funds to individual members. That proposal was de-cided upon, with JPY500,000 in funding per region-al conference. We officers were delighted to begin that program by providing funds for the Twenty-first Australia/New Zealand Regional Conference, to be held on Australia’s Gold Coast in May 2003. Thereafter we provided support for two regional conferences a year. As international president, I officially attended the following regional conferences. The opportunity to observe the activities in each region and interact with members from around the world was highly educational and deeply meaningful for me.

1) The Twenty-first Australia/New Zealand Re-gional Conference, Gold Coast, Australia, May 2003

2) The Fifteenth North American Regional Con-ference, Chicago, Illinois, USA, October 2003

3) The Sixth European Regional Conference, Basel, Switzerland, March 2004.

Ikebana International MagazineAt the end of my f irst year in off ice, Ms. Keiko Ohta, who had long served as production manager in charge for producing the I.I. magazine, was plan-ning to retire. I thus experienced an issue that I.I. has faced since its founding: whom to choose to continue the magazine. After considerable research and discussion, we concluded that outsourcing the magazine would be the best solution. The magazine was outsourced to McDavis Associates, Inc.

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Conferences and ConferencesI served as international president from 2004 to 2006. My first visit was the Ninth Asian Regional Conference in Taipei. Iemoto-Designate Yuki Ikenobo of Ikenobo was the guest demonstrator. Interest in ikebana runs high in Taipei, which is so close to Japan. I next attended the First Middle Eastern Re-gional Conference in Jordan. When my husband was the ambassador there, I helped found the Jor-dan Chapter. It was, thus, very exciting to return to Jordan in April 2005 as international president. As an additional plus for me, the main demonstrator was Iemoto Akihiro Kasuya of the Ichiyo School, which I study. It was wonderful that our Jordan Chapter has grown to a membership of over 100 and that ikebana is greatly appreciated in that country. This regional conference offered an exciting pro-gram, and it was in a region we have relatively little chance to visit, so we had a large group going from Japan, helping to make the First Middle Eastern Re-gional Conference a great success. Since there are only two Middle Eastern chap-ters, it was agreed that the next regional conference would be hosted by Dubai Chapter, but the date re-mains open.

Travels Near and FarIn my second year, I felt I was finding my feet. In commemoration of the 40th anniversary of the reopening of international relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea that year, members from several chapters in Japan went to Seoul in late Oc-tober to have a joint ikebana exhibition and dem-onstrations with the Seoul Chapter headed by Im Wha Kong. At the end of March, the Fifth South Ameri-can Regional Conference was held. The previous conference in Santiago had been held in 1990. I had invited all nine of the chapters in the region to host the conference, and Quito Chapter in Ecuador was the first to respond, so Quito became the host chapter. My husband and I had spent two and a half years in Quito, and I helped found that chapter. Iemoto Kosen Naruse of the Chiko School kindly accepted to be the guest demonstrator. The Galapa-gos Islands and other local features were used in the demonstrations. Prospective Panama Chapter was formed in September 2006. This was the result of my stopover in Panama and a meeting with Dagmar de Adames, Pilar Hasebe, and Maria Gabriella. Since San Francisco Bay Area Chapter was hold-ing a commemorative celebration for Fay Kramer,

Shizuyo Nakayama2004–06

Chapter Founding DatesFor a chapter, the anniversary of its founding is an important day, but how the years since founding are counted varies greatly from chapter to chapter, sometimes causing great confusion. To avoid that problem, we decided to inform each chapter of when it had been chartered.

WebsiteIt had been more than eight years since we launched the website, but, unfortunately, little material had been added to the site. It was necessary to reorga-nize it so that our members and other viewers could use it effectively. It is much more convenient for

our chapters, since they can also download thirteen kinds of documents that they need from Headquar-ters straight from the website.

Cherry Membership DriveFor the past few years, total membership has been declining to a serious extent. After considering vari-ous ways to counter that trend, in March 2004, we instituted our Cherry Membership Drive. It was a long-term campaign intended to last through the Ninth World Convention and served, I hope, to help raise awareness of the appeal and significance of I.I. throughout the world.

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Marking I.I.’s 50th anniversary, Ikebana Interna-tional Ninth World Convention was held October 27–30, 2006, at the New Takanawa Prince Hotel, To-kyo. The theme of the convention was Retracing the Footsteps of Ikebana … Lighting a Path to the Fu-ture. Honorary President H.I.H. Princess Takamado

Ikebana International Ninth World Convention Celebrating I.I.’s 50th Anniversary

our first international president, on April 8, I also stopped over there on the way back. I learned that a plaque incised with her name would soon be in-stalled in the San Francisco Botanical Garden. In response to a call from our Karachi Chapter after the devastating earthquake of 2005, Sanae Maeda of the Sogetsu School led a volunteer team of ten to Karachi the following year, where they held workshops and demonstrations to raise funds for earthquake relief, with local people joining in the effort. That was also an opportunity for people in Karachi to learn more about Ikebana International.

Thinking and DoingIt was a great honor to serve as international presi-dent for two years, and at the 50th anniversary of the founding of Ikebana International I have learned much about how I.I. was formed and has grown—

thanks, I have realized, to the dedicated efforts of so many people and our love of ikebana. Our founders’ passion for ikebana started it all, and I can only ex-press my awe at their achievements. I hope that my successors in this organization will also take the time to study the inspiring history of ikebana and I.I. There is need to rethink what and how we do things. I hope that those who will take up the task will find ways to revitalize I.I. Now we need to think about ikebana as a focus for deepen-ing international ties among all people, so that we can join hands in a search for world peace.

graciously attended all the programs with more than 1,000 members from 92 chapters. Japan Post issued two commemorative stamps that evoke the memory of I.I.’s Founder, Ellen Gordon Allen. Mary Kaser of Philadelphia Chapter won the Essay Contest on the theme Ikebana International and Me.

*All materials in this section, with the exception of the synopsis for Kaeko Nakashima, were submitted by the past international presidents included herein.

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