History of the Global Warming

8/14/2019 History of the Global Warming

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Antonia PanaiotyAntono GorolovSchool 127 Ivan Denkoglu,

Sofia, [email protected]

The Global Warming is a natural

phenomenon, conanected with the increaseof the average annual temperaturesmeasured on the whole terrestrialglobe.

Since the '50s in the 20th century the

average temperature on the Earth has in-creased by about 0,7 0C.

Reasons for Global WarmingWhen the coals, the oil and the Earth

gas (natural formed hydrocarbons) areburnt out, CO2. is released.

In the Earth atmosphere there is al-ways a definite quantity of2, but as the

steam engine and, later, engines with inner

burning system began to be used, from the18th century on, the quantity of 2 has

been increasing continuously.The hothouse effect is expressed as fol-

lows: the sunbeams reach the Earth sur-

face but instead of dispersing into the spacethey turn back from the atmosphere.

The nitrogen oxide and the freons,

HISTORY OF THE

GLOBAL WARMING

GLOBAL WARMING


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t o o , greatly contribute to global warm-ing.

The freons are used in the aerosol prod-ucts and the refrigeratory techniques.

These gases are called steam gases.

The freons interact with the ozone in theatmosphere and make the ozone layer thin-ner. The ozone layer is at its thinnest in the

Antarctic and it is also much thinner in most

Northern areas.

Increase of the sea level

The warming of the atmosphere leads

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SOLVING GLOBAL WARMING, DOING SOMETHING ,

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Science and Technology


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to an increase of the levelof the World oceans, due

to two reasons.First, when the tem-

perature increases, the

water wides and increasesits capacity. Second, theincreasing of the tem-

perature leads to the

melting of the ice capabove the Antarctic.

The increasing of the

level of the World oceancan lead to having only wa-ter in the coastal lowlands

and other continentalplaces with low altitude.This leads to serious prob-

lems for the populations

that live in these regionsand disturb the ecological equilibrium in the

adjoining ecosystems.The observations of the scientists over

many years show that every year the sea

level increases by 1-2 mm.

Changing of the climateThe warming of the atmosphere is go-

ing to change the Earths climate vastly.By 2020 - 2030 the temperature of

the air is expected to increase by about 20. The consequences are not known: someregions of the Earth can begin to be hotterand drier (considerable enlarging of the de-

serts) and some regions can get damper.An increase of bad weather conditions onthe Earth hurricanes, a torrentialrain

etc, is predictable. The changes of the cli-mate will affect the areas, rich in plantsand animals. They can also provoke natu-

ral cataclysms and disturbance of the bio-logical equilibrium. The scientists

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RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES TO CHANGE INRADIATIVE FORCING FROM 1980 TO 1990 (SOURCE: IPCC CLIMATE

CHANGE, 1990)

1980 1990 (:IPCC , 1990)


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prognosticate that if the average tempera-ture on the Earth increases by 6 0, thebiggest part of the land (mostlyAfrica,Aus-tralia and the plateau in Central Asia) willturn into deserts.Antarctica will be settled

by animals and coniferous plants.

Adaptation to the changes and the

restrictions connected with the GlobalWarming

The serious effect to the changing of the

climate can be averted with timely and ma-terial decreasing of the emission of thesteam gases passing to a low carboneconomy of worldwide importance. In this is

expressed the policy of the EU for limitingthe increase of the average temperatureby 2 0in comparison with the tempera-

ture before the Industrialization. The adap-tation actions are undertaken with the aim ofcoping with the changes of the climate - in-

crease of the temperatures, difference inthe quantity of the rains and coping withother natural disasters. Examples for cop-

ing with the climate: the more rational use ofwater supplies, building of protecting wallsagainst floods, increase of the height of the

dams as protection against higher sea level,territorial plans for helping the migration. At

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THE EFFECT ON GLACIERS

THE EFFECT ON GLACIERS


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the Spring counsel in 2007 thecountries from the EU agreed to

decrease the emission of thesteam gases by 20% by 2020and by 50% by 2050 (instead of

the levels in 1990).

Reasons for global concern

In many regions in the world

the increase of the averagetemperatures is 0,76 0. This is3 6 times more than the in-

creasing registered before theindustrialization.

In the last three decades, cli-

mate change has already influ-enced:

Water: Many people use the

water from the melting of the ice. When the

glaciers disappear about 1 milliard peoplewill migrate, which will lead to local and

world problems. The places with settlingdry land will decrease.

Ecosystems and biological variety: For

about 20 30% of the species the extinc-tion will increase, if the average tempera-ture increases by 1,5 2,5%.

Food: The changes of the climate will

lead to the increase of the risk of hungerand a greater number of the endangeredpopulation.

Coasts: The increasing of the sea levelwill endanger the low coastal regions (theNile delta, the Ganges delta and the Me-

kong delta), which will lead to the migra-tion of up to 1 million people. The smallcoastal countries are already touched.

Health: There will be increasing of theinfectious illnesses. In 2002 only thediarrhoea, the malaria and the protein

undernourishment caused over 3,3 milliondeath cases.

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GLOBAL SURFACE WARMING


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EuropeThe temperature In Europe is increas-

ing by nearly 1 0(faster than the average

values of the world). The warmer atmos-phere contains more water steams, but thenew models of condensation are different in

the regions. The rains have increased con-siderably in Northern Europe, while inSouthern Europe there is often dry climate.

Temperature extremes ( the record heatwave in 2003) have become more frequent.More than half the plant species in Europe

can be vulnerable or endangered by 2080.

Most vulnerable regions in Europe:

Southern and South-East Europe - a com-bined effect of high temperatures and de-

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TEMPERATURE: CHANGE IN MEANANNUAL TEMPERATURE (C)

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(C)


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creased level of rains.Mountain regions- mostly the Alps, where

the temperatures are increasing and thisleads to massive melting of the snow andthe ice and change of the water steams.

Coastal zones, because of the increasingof the sea level and the raising risk ofstorms.

River basins and floodplainsincreased

risk of storms, big rains and sudden floods.Scandinavia there are expected many

rains , instead ofsnow.

Arctic region the temperature changeswill be most essential like in no other regionon the Earth.

Adaptation in EuropeThe adaptation can decrease the ex-

penses on condition that a policy for remov-

ing the hindrances under the action of theparticipants from the private sector are es-

tablished.The greater the increase in tempera-

ture the greater the expenses in terms of

money, environment and people.Nine economicalmyths for the climateThe fight against the Global Warming is

not at all costs economic unremunerative.

1. We can waitThe increase of the temperatures by 2

0will cause many harms to the climateand to people.

What defines the increase of the tem-

peratures is the quantity ofharmful gasesin the atmosphere. In order to have achance to prevent such disasters we must

begin a fast decrease of the emissions of2until 2010. If we wait until 2020 thereis 50% possibility that the temperatures

will increase by 3 0C- a level, in whichthere are many risks.

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PRECIPITATION: CHANGE IN ANNUAL AMOUNT (%)


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2. Firstly we have to put in order theeconomy

The problems in the economy are due tothe increasing dependence from the importofoil. In that way, if there is a decrease in

the use ofoil products, the economy of eachcountry will be better.

3. It is too expensive

To hold up to the restriction of2 0Cin-

creasing of the temperatures, the worldhas to spend 800 milliard every year until2020. This is with great difficulty 5 6%

increasing.4. The Gross Inner Product will decrease

All studies point that the gross inner

product will grant resources for the fightwith the climate changes.

5. Higher prices for the consumers

The effect from stating a maximum of the

harmful emissions will lead to the in-crease of the expenses of all the household

by less than 1%. But the passing into a newmodel of power supply will decrease thecost of the power resources.

6. Weaker trade and stronger competitionThere will be no failure of the industries

and moving of the productions to othercountries.

7. There will be a completely new tech-nology

We already have the technology neces-

sary to achieve75% of the de-crease into the

wanted borderfrom 450 parts inmillion and the

speed of develop-ment of the innova-tions will depend

on the stimuli andthe market of the

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THE DANGEROUS GLOBAL WARMING

NATURAL DISASTERS


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low paid technologies.8. The developing countries can wait

The account for decreasing of the emis-sions wont happen without considerable par-ticipation from the developing countries.

9. The saving of the woods doesnt haveeconomic effect

If we want the quantity of 2 to holdback to the border to 450 parts on million,

we must stop the destroying of 170 mil-lions hectare woods and to plant new330 million.

BibliographyAdaptations to the climate changes, 2007;

www.globalwarming.org, Competitive En-terprise Institute , Washington;http://environment.nationalgeographic

.com/environment/global-warming/gw-

overview.html, National Geographic;http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/

global_warming.htm;Gary Braasch, www.worldviewofglobalwarming.org, Portland, USA;

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THE EARTH IS SUFFERING

MUST DO SOMETHING! !


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Anup Shah , www.globalissues.org/issue/178/climate-change-and-global-warming;

http://globalwarming.com;Andrew C. Revkin, http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/science/topicsglobalwarm

ing/index.html, The New York Time, NewYork;http://globalwarming.net/index.php?

option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1;S. Fred Singer, Dennis T. Avery, GlobalWarming, Unstoppable;

Spencer R. Weart, The DiscoveryOfGlobalWarming.

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20warming.jpg;

http://peseta.jrc.ec.europa.eu/images/cPESETA_Temperature.jpg;

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/adaptation/images/precipitation.jpg;www.jaroos.com;www.angryconservat ive.com/home/

P o r t a l s / 0 / B l o g / G l o b a l W a r m i n g /global_warming_or_global_cooling.jpg;www.takepart.com/blog/wp-content/

uploads/2008/02/global-warming.jpg;w w w . d a i l y g a l a x y . c o m / p h o t o s /u n c a t e g o r i z e d / 2 0 0 7 / 1 1 / 1 9 /

global_warming_myth_2.jpg.

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Science and Technology 2 0C , 800 . 2020. 5 6%.

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History of the Global Warming

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