History of the Environmental Movement in the United States.
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Transcript of History of the Environmental Movement in the United States.
History of the History of the Environmental Environmental
Movement in the Movement in the United StatesUnited States
First People of North AmericaFirst People of North America
25,000 years ago25,000 years ago Native Native
AmericansAmericans Nomadic culturesNomadic cultures Viewed Viewed
themselves as themselves as one with natureone with nature
Used resources Used resources but did not but did not abuse the abuse the resourceresource
The Roots of AbuseThe Roots of Abuse The First ColonistsThe First Colonists 3 “Things” that would 3 “Things” that would
change the continentchange the continent• GunGun• AxeAxe• WheelWheel
Manifest Destiny – Manifest Destiny – man is controller of man is controller of land, not part of the land, not part of the landland
Westward ExpansionWestward Expansion
Myth of SuperabundanceMyth of SuperabundanceRaid of ResourcesRaid of Resources
Raid of the Wildlife Raid of the Wildlife Raid of Eastern Raid of Eastern
ForestsForests Raid of Wisconsin Raid of Wisconsin
ForestsForests Raid of MineralsRaid of Minerals Cattle Barons and Cattle Barons and
Sod BustersSod Busters
Early Philosophers of ConservationEarly Philosophers of Conservation Henry David Henry David
Thoreau: wildlife Thoreau: wildlife areasareas
George Perkins George Perkins Marsh: Man and Marsh: Man and Nature (1864)Nature (1864)
Early Activists and ActionsEarly Activists and Actions
John Wesley John Wesley Powell: Powell Powell: Powell Report – first Report – first advocate to advocate to regulate land useregulate land use
Yellowstone Yellowstone National Park National Park Created (1872) by Created (1872) by President GrantPresident Grant
The BeginningsThe Beginnings
President Harrison – President Harrison – passed a law stating passed a law stating that the President that the President could set aside lands could set aside lands for national parks and for national parks and national forestsnational forests
Extremely crucial Extremely crucial legislation for the legislation for the environmentenvironment
Early LeadersEarly Leaders
John Muir (1838-1914: John Muir (1838-1914: Sierra ClubSierra Club
Gifford Pinchot (1865 Gifford Pinchot (1865 – 1946): 1– 1946): 1stst Chief U.S. Chief U.S. ForesterForester
Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt (1901 – 1909): Boone (1901 – 1909): Boone and Crocket Cluband Crocket Club
Reclamation Act: put Reclamation Act: put Powell’s ideas into Powell’s ideas into effecteffect
Park ServicePark Service
National Park National Park Service created in Service created in 19161916
Stephen Mather: 1Stephen Mather: 1stst Head of Park Head of Park ServiceService
Citizen Conservation GroupsCitizen Conservation Groups
Sierra ClubSierra Club AudubonAudubon Wilderness SocietyWilderness Society
FDR and Renewed Conservation FDR and Renewed Conservation InitiativesInitiatives
Tennessee Valley Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) – Authority (TVA) – 11stst Land Land Restoration ProjectRestoration Project
FDR (cont.)FDR (cont.)
Soil Conservation Soil Conservation Society (SCS) – Society (SCS) – professional soil professional soil conservationists to conservationists to prevent erosion prevent erosion and loss of soil and loss of soil nutrientsnutrients
FDR (cont.)FDR (cont.)
Civilian Conservation Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) – planted Corps (CCC) – planted trees, erosion control, trees, erosion control, nature trails, etc.nature trails, etc.
Federal program to Federal program to give the unemployed give the unemployed men jobs during the men jobs during the depressiondepression
FDR (cont.)FDR (cont.)
Eastern National Eastern National Forest CreatedForest Created
Wisconsin (1934)Wisconsin (1934)• NicoletNicolet• ChequamegonChequamegon
FDR (cont.)FDR (cont.)
Taylor Grazing Act Taylor Grazing Act – controlled use of – controlled use of public landpublic land
Aldo LeopoldAldo Leopold
Environmental Environmental PhilosophyPhilosophy
““Sand County Sand County Almanac”Almanac”
Longtime Longtime Wisconsin educator Wisconsin educator and residentand resident
Awakening of Environmental Awakening of Environmental PhilosophyPhilosophy
Rachel Carson: Rachel Carson: “Silent Spring”“Silent Spring”
Paul Ehrlich’s: Paul Ehrlich’s: “Population Bomb”“Population Bomb”
Decade of Unrest (1960’s)Decade of Unrest (1960’s)
Racism and Racism and VietnamVietnam
Santa Barbara Oil Santa Barbara Oil SpillSpill
Cyuahoga River Cyuahoga River Burns: ClevelandBurns: Cleveland
A View from SpaceA View from Space
Grass Roots Movement ExplodesGrass Roots Movement Explodes
Nixon’s Nixon’s Environmental Environmental Message to CongressMessage to Congress
Supported political Supported political regulation of the regulation of the environmentenvironment
Earth DayEarth Day
First Earth Day First Earth Day 19701970 Gaylord NelsonGaylord Nelson
• Wisconsin Governor Wisconsin Governor and Senatorand Senator
11stst teach in on the teach in on the environmentenvironment
April 22April 22
““Environmental Decade” LegislationEnvironmental Decade” Legislation
Wilderness Act: 1964Wilderness Act: 1964 Wild and Scenic Wild and Scenic
Rivers Act: 1968Rivers Act: 1968 National National
Environmental Policy Environmental Policy Act: 1969Act: 1969
The Clean Air Act: The Clean Air Act: 19721972
The Clean Water Act: The Clean Water Act: 19721972
Legislation (cont.)Legislation (cont.)
Pesticide Control Pesticide Control Act: 1972Act: 1972
Endangered Endangered Species Act: 1973Species Act: 1973
Resource Resource Conservation and Conservation and Recovery Act: 1976Recovery Act: 1976
Surface Mining Surface Mining Control and Control and Reclamation Act: Reclamation Act: 19771977
Legislation (cont.)Legislation (cont.)
Alaska Lands Bill: Alaska Lands Bill: 19801980
Superfund: 1980Superfund: 1980
Institutionalizing Environmental Institutionalizing Environmental ProtectionProtection
Environmental Environmental Protection Agency Protection Agency (EPA): federal(EPA): federal
Wisconsin Wisconsin Department of Department of Natural Resources Natural Resources (DNR): state(DNR): state