History of the computer electronic age
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Transcript of History of the computer electronic age
HISTORY OF HISTORY OF THE THE
COMPUTERCOMPUTERTHE ELECTRONIC AGETHE ELECTRONIC AGE
1941-PRESENT1941-PRESENT
1941: KONRAD ZUSE1941: KONRAD ZUSE
Built the first Built the first programmable programmable computer computer called the Z3, called the Z3, capable of capable of following following instructionsinstructions..
Z3- was the first fully functional, PROGRAM Z3- was the first fully functional, PROGRAM CONTROLLED computer of the world.CONTROLLED computer of the world.
Z1
Z3
1942-Howard Hattaway 1942-Howard Hattaway AikenAiken
A student of A student of Harvard Harvard University built University built the Mark I “ the Mark I “ The First The First Stored-Program Stored-Program Computer. Computer.
ASCC Harvard Mark 1ASCC Harvard Mark 1 is 8 feet is 8 feet tall, 51 feet long, 2 feet thick, tall, 51 feet long, 2 feet thick, weighed 5 tons, used about weighed 5 tons, used about 750,000 parts, 500 miles of 750,000 parts, 500 miles of wires, 3-5 seconds per wires, 3-5 seconds per calculation.calculation.
A- Automatic
S-Sequence
C-Controlled
C-Calculator
1942: John Atanasoff 1942: John Atanasoff and and
Clifford BerryClifford Berry Completed the first all electronic Completed the first all electronic
computer, called the ABC computer, called the ABC Computer, it was the first Computer, it was the first computer to use electricity in the computer to use electricity in the form of vacuum tubes to help form of vacuum tubes to help make electric computation make electric computation possible. This is used for solving possible. This is used for solving complex system of equations.complex system of equations.
ATANASOFF
BERRY
THE THE FOUR FOUR GENERATIONGENERATION
SS
OF OF DIGITAL DIGITAL COMPUTINGCOMPUTING
THE FIRST THE FIRST GENERATION GENERATION COMPUTERS: 1951-COMPUTERS: 1951-
19581958 VACCUM TUBES AS THEIR MAIN VACCUM TUBES AS THEIR MAIN
LOGIC ELEMENTS.LOGIC ELEMENTS. PUNCH CARDS TO INPUT and PUNCH CARDS TO INPUT and
EXTENALLY STORE DATA.EXTENALLY STORE DATA. ROTATING MAGNETIC DRUMS ROTATING MAGNETIC DRUMS
FOR INTERNAL STORAGE OF FOR INTERNAL STORAGE OF DATA PROGRAMS.DATA PROGRAMS.
First generation computer had First generation computer had vacuum tubes, resistors, and vacuum tubes, resistors, and welded metal joints. They were welded metal joints. They were large, slow, expensive, and large, slow, expensive, and produced a lot of heat.produced a lot of heat.
Often broke down because of Often broke down because of burned-out vacuum tubes.burned-out vacuum tubes.
Also needed many experts to Also needed many experts to operate them.operate them.
When running these computer, When running these computer, people stood by shopping carts people stood by shopping carts full of replacement of vacuum full of replacement of vacuum tubes.tubes.
1945: PRESPER EKERT and1945: PRESPER EKERT andJOHN MAUCHLYJOHN MAUCHLY
Developed the Developed the first operational first operational electronic digital electronic digital computer, called computer, called ENIAC, for the US ENIAC, for the US Army. It is over Army. It is over 1000 times faster 1000 times faster than Mark I, and than Mark I, and could perform could perform 5,000 additions 5,000 additions per second.per second.
E- Electronic
N-Numerical
I-Integrator
A-and
C-Calculator
ENIAC had more than 18,000 ENIAC had more than 18,000 vacuum tubes, and took up vacuum tubes, and took up 1,800 square feet of space.1,800 square feet of space.
In addition, the electrical In addition, the electrical current of ENIAC required could current of ENIAC required could power more than a thousand power more than a thousand modern computers.modern computers.
Today ENIAC’s technology could Today ENIAC’s technology could fit in a modern wristwatch.fit in a modern wristwatch.
ECKERT and MAUCHLY
1951: UNIVAC1951: UNIVAC
This computer was also designed by This computer was also designed by Eckert and MauchlyEckert and Mauchly, became the first , became the first commercially available electronic commercially available electronic computer.computer.
One of this version the One of this version the UNIVAC 5UNIVAC 5 was was used to predict result of the 1952 US used to predict result of the 1952 US presidential election. presidential election.
It is used for business transactions It is used for business transactions and operations. and operations.
UNIVAC is 5 feet tall, 50 feet UNIVAC is 5 feet tall, 50 feet in length.in length.
Consist of 5,600 vacuum Consist of 5,600 vacuum tubes and 18,000 crystal tubes and 18,000 crystal diodes.diodes.
An internal storage of 1000 An internal storage of 1000 words or 12,000 characters.words or 12,000 characters.
UNIVUNIVersal ersal AAutomatic utomatic CCalculatoralculator
1951-1953: MAGNETIC CORE 1951-1953: MAGNETIC CORE MEMORYMEMORY
This was the fastest type of This was the fastest type of memory until the late 1980’s.memory until the late 1980’s.
1953: IBM 7011953: IBM 701
Known as the Known as the “DEFENSE “DEFENSE CALCULATORCALCULATOR..
IBM’s first IBM’s first commercial commercial or business or business scientific scientific calculator.calculator.
ENDEND OF THE OF THE
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