History of South Asia
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Transcript of History of South Asia
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History of History of South AsiaSouth Asia
Ch. 24 Sec. 2
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Indus Valley CivilizationIndus Valley Civilization
Mohenjo-Daro
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1. What were 3 developments of the 1. What were 3 developments of the Indus Valley civilization?Indus Valley civilization?
• Writing system
• Strong central government
• Masters of overseas trade
• Organized, planned cities
• Uniform weights and measures
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2. What were 2 of the world’s first 2. What were 2 of the world’s first cities? What technology did they have?cities? What technology did they have?• Mohenjo-Daro & Harappa
• Bricks made by kilns (still used today)
• Plumbing systems (wells home covered drains)
• Sanitation systems
• Signs of dentistry: drilled,
crowned teeth
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Mohenjo- Daro Great BathMohenjo- Daro Great Bath
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3. What do many scientists believe 3. What do many scientists believe led to their decline?led to their decline?• Flooding • Drought
– Δ in monsoons leaves area cool & dry– Tectonic activity diverts river elsewhere
• Disease
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Aryan ArrivalAryan Arrival
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4. Who were the Aryans?4. Who were the Aryans?• Light-skinned herders and hunters
from the northwest (possibly 1700 B.C.)
5. What were the Vedas?5. What were the Vedas?• Collection of sacred writings- show
ideas of religion, social structure, hymns, etc.
• Hindu sacred text (to some); oldest in Sanskrit
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6. Aryan social class pyramid6. Aryan social class pyramid
Priests
Warriors & Nobles
Artisans & Farmers
Slaves, Criminals
• Structure was flexible @ first (intermarriage, etc), but became more complex and rigid caste system
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7. When did the Mauryan Empire control S. 7. When did the Mauryan Empire control S. Asia? What religion?Asia? What religion?
• 320-180 B.C.E. (Chandragupta Maurya) – Ruled all but southernmost India
• Buddhism (Asoka’s pillars)
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8. When did the Gupta Empire rule? 8. When did the Gupta Empire rule? What are things its famous for? What are things its famous for? Religion?Religion?
• 320-550 A.D. (Chandra Gupta I)
• Golden Age of India (sciences, math, astronomy, religion)– Concept of zero, origin of Arabic #s,
heliocentric theory
• Extensive Trade• Hindu Revival
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MedicineMedicineMedicineMedicine LiteratureLiteratureLiteratureLiterature
MathematicsMathematicsMathematicsMathematicsAstronomyAstronomyAstronomyAstronomy
Printedmedicinal
guides
1000 diseasesclassified
PlasticSurgery
C-sectionsperforme
d
Inoculations
500 healingplants
identified
DecimalSystem
Conceptof Zero
PI = 3.1416
Kalidasa
SolarCalendarCalendar
The The earthearth
is roundis round
GuptaGuptaIndiaIndia
Gupta Gupta AchievementsAchievements
Gupta Gupta AchievementsAchievements
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Extensive Trade:Extensive Trade:Gupta EmpireGupta Empire
Extensive Trade:Extensive Trade:Gupta EmpireGupta Empire
spices
spices
spicesspices
gold & gold & ivoryivory
gold & gold & ivoryivory
rice & rice & wheatwheathorseshorses cotton goods
cotton goodssilkssilks
cotton goods
cotton goods
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9. How did the Mogul (Mughal) 9. How did the Mogul (Mughal) Empire come to power?Empire come to power?• Muslim missionaries & traders were
moving across Africa & Asia• Moguls, over time, took control over
most of Indian subcontinent (1526)–Babur–Most land gained under Akbar–Shah Jahan–Defeated only by British in 1857
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10. Who were the first Europeans?10. Who were the first Europeans?
• Portuguese, 1500
11. What was the East India 11. What was the East India Company and its significance?Company and its significance?• Began as a trade company for East
Indies mainly India & China
• Soon began ruling India (1757-1858)
• British Crown then took control of India
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12. What did the British call their empire? 12. What did the British call their empire? How did colonization influence Indian How did colonization influence Indian culture?culture?
• Raj (empire)
• Brought English language*
• New educational system
• Built RRs
• Civil/public services
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Modern South AsiaModern South Asia• India
13. What is significant about 1947?– Year gained independence from Britain14. How was India further divided?- India formed for Hindus, Pakistan (east & west)
for Muslims15. How did the division of India impact peoples?- Forced to move to country of religion violent
conflicts erupted- Kashmir
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Modern South AsiaModern South Asia
• Sri Lanka16. When did Sri Lanka gain independence,
from who?- 1948 from Britain, CeylonS.L. (1972)- Britain favored Tamils…prelude to civil war
• Maldives17. When did the Maldives gain
independence, from who?- 1965 from Britain
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Male, Maldives
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Modern South AsiaModern South Asia• Pakistan/Bangladesh
18. What is significant about 1971?- Indo-Pakistani War b/w East &
West, India fought against West Pak. Bangladesh created- Extremely violent (began with genocide against Bengali Hindus)
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Modern South AsiaModern South Asia
19. List 2 regional conflicts.– Kashmir disputed b/w India &
Pakistan• Nuclear weapons add to tension
–Tamils want independent state w/in Sri Lanka (civil war)
–Hindus vs. Muslims all over region
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Modern South AsiaModern South Asia
20. List the type of government of each country.– India: largest democracy in world– Pakistan: Islamic Republic with military
involvement (unstable) – Sri Lanka & Bangladesh: democracies w/
instability due to ethnic clashes– Nepal & Maldives: was monarchy, now
democracy (2008, 1968 respectively)– Bhutan: Democracy w/ monarch (2007)