History of Running

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HISTORY OF RUNNING

It is thought that human running evolved at least four and ahalf million years ago out of the ability of the ape-

like Australopithecus, an early ancestor of humans, to walkupright on two legs.[7]

he theory proposed considered to be the most likely evolutionof running is of early humans! developing as endurance runnersfrom the practice of persistence hunting of animals, the activityof following and chasing until a prey is too e"hausted to #ee,succumbing to $chase myopathy$ %&ears '(()*, and thathuman features such as the nuchal ligament, abundant sweat

glands, the Achilles tendons, big knee +oints andmuscular glutei ma"imi, were changes caused by this type ofactivity %ramble ieberman '((/, et al.*.[0][1][)(] he theory as2rst proposed used comparitative physiological evidence andthe natural habits of animals when running, indicating thelikelihood of this activity as a successful hunting method.3urther evidence from observation of modern day huntingpractice also indicated this likelihood %4arrier et al. )10/*. [)(][))] According to &ears %p. )'* scienti2c investigation %5alker

eakey )116* of the ariokotome &keleton provided furtherevidence for the 4arrier theory.[)']

4ompetitive running grew out of religious festivals in variousareas such as 8reece, 9gypt, Asia, and the 9ast African :ift inAfrica. he ailteann 8ames, an Irish sporting festival in honourof the goddess ailtiu, dates back to )0'1 49, and is one ofthe earliest records of competitive running.[)6] he origins of the;lympics and ressing the top button starts the timer running,and pressing the button a second time stops it, leaving the

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuchal_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweat_glandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweat_glandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilles_tendonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee_jointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutei_maximihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running#cite_note-Liebenberg-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running#cite_note-Sears-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running#cite_note-Sears-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running#cite_note-David_R._Carrier.2C_A._K._Kapoor.2C_Tasuku_Kimura.2C_Martin_K._Nickels.2C_Satwanti.2C_Eugenie_C._Scott.2C_Joseph_K._So_and_Erik_Trinkaus-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running#cite_note-Walker.2C_.26_Leakey-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_African_Rifthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailteann_Gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailtiuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games#Originshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games#Originshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_in_Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuchal_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweat_glandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweat_glandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilles_tendonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee_jointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutei_maximihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running#cite_note-Liebenberg-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running#cite_note-Sears-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running#cite_note-Sears-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running#cite_note-David_R._Carrier.2C_A._K._Kapoor.2C_Tasuku_Kimura.2C_Martin_K._Nickels.2C_Satwanti.2C_Eugenie_C._Scott.2C_Joseph_K._So_and_Erik_Trinkaus-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running#cite_note-Walker.2C_.26_Leakey-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_African_Rifthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailteann_Gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailtiuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games#Originshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games#Originshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_in_Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus


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elapsed time displayed. A press of the second button thenresets the stopwatch to ?ero. he second button is also used torecord split times or lap times. 5hen the split time button ispressed while the watch is running, the display free?es,

allowing the elapsed time to that point to be read, but thewatch mechanism continues running to record total elapsedtime. >ressing the split button a second time allows the watchto resume display of total time.

HURDLES

Hurdling is the act of running and +umping over an obstacle atspeed. In the sport of athletics, hurdling forms the basis of a

number track and 2eld events which are a highly speciali?edform of obstacle racing. In these events, a series of barriersknown as hurdles are set at precisely measured heights anddistances which each athlete must pass by running over.[)]['][6]3ailure to pass over, by passing under, or intentionallyknocking over hurdles will result in dis@uali2cation. Accidentalknocking over of hurdles is not cause for dis@uali2cation,[/] butthe hurdles are weighted to make doing so disadvantageous.

HISTORY OF CAGAYAN

Archaeology indicates that the 4agayan museum has beeninhabited for half a million years, though no human remains ofany such anti@uity have yet appeared. he earliest inhabitantsare the Agta, or Atta, food-gatherers who roam theforests without 2"ed abodes. A large tract of land has latelybeen returned to them. he bulk of the population areof


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As the historian and missionary ose urgues, said, $he old4agayan Calley comprises the provinceof 4agayan,Isabela and ueva Ci?caya as well as themilitary Bistricts of Apayao, Itaves, Euiangan, 4ayapa and

intangan, plus the area of the &ierra aci2c;cean in the said tra+ectory.$[6]

At alete >ass in ueva Ci?caya the retreating apanese under8eneral omoyuki Famashita dug in and held on for threemonths against the American and 3ilipino forces who eventuallydrove them outG the pass is now called Balton >ass in honor of8eneral Balton, H&A, who was killed in the 2ghting.

FESTIVALS

Fesi!"l Pl"#e D"e

>attaradday 3estival &antiago 4ity av-vurulun 3estival uguegarao 4ity,4agayan

August )()=

8awagaway-yan3estival

4auayan 4ity, Isabela


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inupig 3estival asam, 4agayan

&inabalu 3iestival :i?al, 4agayan April '1

innadangan 3estival :o"as, Isabela uly /


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Ammungan 3estivalayombong, uevaCi?caya


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C"ll"% C"!e - is one of the limestone caves located in theeLablanca, 4agayan province, inthe >hilippines. he seven-chamber show cave is one of 6((caves that dot the area and the best known natural tourist

attractions of the province. he town is named as >eLablanca%Spanish for white rocks* for the presence of white limestonerocks in the area.['] 4allao 4ave is located in the arangays ofeLablanca about '/ km %)J mi*northeast of uguegarao 4ity, the capital of the >rovince of4agayan.

4allao and the other caves are situated in the western foothillsof the orthern &ierra


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tour of the locality. his one was a conference on history heldin ueva Ci?caya, a province most known for its citrus fruits.

he 4enter for Dapampangan &tudies sent me and >rof. inoBi?on to attend in the 4enter!s behalf.

D"l%n P"ss - also called alete >ass, is a ?ig?ag road andmountain pass that +oins the provinces of ueva 9ci+a andueva Ci?caya, in central u?on island of the >hilippines.

P"gs"n-"n F"lls - is one of the most famous waterfalls in the>hilippines. ocated in the province of aguna, the falls is oneof the ma+or tourist attractions of the region.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Vizcayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya

History of Running

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