History of Pump Industry

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A brief history of pumps

23 March 2009

World Pumps

Ten years ago, World Pumps put together a brief history of the pump industry

telling the story of pump development since the Egyptians invented the shadoof

in 200BC. We stopped then at 1999, but here we bring the story right up to date

with some of the main industry events of recent times.

Fifty years ago, Trade & Technical Press launched a new magazine to report on technical developments in pumps. The

original title of Pumping was short-lived, being soon supplanted by the pan-European Pumps, Pompes, Pumpen in 1965

as the magazine linked up with the fledgling Europump association. Over the next seventeen years, the pump industry

became increasingly international and in 1982, the publisher decided to mark this trend by re-launching the magazine

as World Pumps.

The thirtieth anniversary year saw Trade & Technical Press acquired by Elsevier Science Ltd who incorporated the

magazine into its Elsevier Advanced Technology Division. Since then, a number of editorial changes have brought with

them new approaches as the industry matures. There have been reviews of software and web pages, eventually

eclipsed by sheer numbers. An annual International Buyers Guide has been published since 1997, and is now

supplemented by an on-line version. Since 2003 World Pumps has worked with BPMA on the annual prestigious Pump

Industry Awards. The magazine now features regular contributions from the Hydraulic Institute, underlining its

international credentials.

Man has been using pumps of some type for 4000 years, which makes 50 years a very short time in the history of

pumping. Indeed, looking back at the most significant developments in technology, the last fifty years seem relatively

insignificant. By 1959, all the major pump designs had been introduced and mostly developed into commercial products.

So what has World Pumps been writing about for the past 50 years?

Driving trends

One trend has been the increasing importance of niche positive displacement pumps, particularly rotary types.

Peristaltic, progressing cavity and rotary lobe pumps have all risen in profile as their capabilities have been introduced

to new markets by improved communications. Increasing competition has meant that users have been more inclined to

experiment in the search for the ideal pump for difficult duties.

The trends that have affected all of us have also had their impact on the pump market. Increased environmental

awareness gave a real boost to pumps without shaft seals. Magnetic drive and canned motor units have thrived and

even produced a hybrid combining the two technologies. Pump shaft sealing has also changed dramatically. Asbestos

in packing is outlawed and today the vast majority of new pumps are supplied with mechanical seals, often in factory-

assembled cartridge format to avoid the risk of face damage during handling.
http://www.worldpumps.com/


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Materials have also developed. Sea-water pumps have seen gunmetal and aluminium bronze replaced by highly alloyed

super-austenitic and super-duplex stainless steels. New non-metals have made possible tiny pumps for human implant.

Ceramics and tungsten/silicon carbide have vastly reduced wear rates in pumps of all sizes. Even large sub-sea

variable speed super-synchronous drive motors for pumps are now possible.

Overtaken by computers

Electronics and computers have overtaken all our lives and inevitably have entered the physical world of pumps in the

form of variable speed drives (VSD's), SCADA systems and condition monitoring equipment. Integral VSDs on in-line

pumping units now dominate the building services market. Pump selection software has speeded up the process of

choosing a pump, as well as opening opportunities in marketing. For the designer, CAD and CFD have reached new

heights. They can now interact but they still have some way to go before they fully replace personal expertise.

Life cycle costing has become a part of everyday life and has shown that energy costs usually eclipse all other lifetime

costs. Vast savings are frequently realised by system improvement but appropriate legislation is practically impossible

to formulate. Although pump efficiency improvements give relatively small returns for large outlays, legislation for raising

efficiency now exists in Korea and China. The European Commission, as part of its Energy Using Products Directive,

has targeted the raising of efficiencies of water pumps. Europump has been instrumental in assisting the EC in this task

and has proposeda method for eliminating bad performers.

We are all aware that in recent years, discussions about the pump industry have been dominated by talk of mergers,

takeovers and disposals. Indeed, as we consider the major pump makers of 2009, it is hard to name one which has not

changed markedly since 1959.

Comings and goings

ITT, IDP, Sterling Fluid Systems, Grundfos, Wilo and ABS have changed almost beyond recognition. Established

independent makers like Harland, Flygt, Worthington and now Weir Pumps have disappeared, whilst newer names like

Textron, Constellation Capital, IDEX, Pentair and Flowserve have arrived on the scene, continuing the trend for the

biggest companies to get bigger.

Other interesting changes include diversification. For example, after more than 50 years of providing submersible

motors to pump makers, Franklin Electric has pulled the plug and now buys pump companies to produce its own units.

Mind you, it is also interesting to note from the chronology of the pump industry listed below, that even in the early years

of this magazine mergers and acquisitions were not unknown and ever since there has been a continuous environment

of change.

Global marketplace

Probably the biggest single change in this industry has been the transition from a local to a global marketplace. Fifty

years ago we had only national trade associations but today the significant impetus in inter-company relations is at

intercontinental level. The Europump Association has grown massively in stature and effectiveness in its 49 years, and

now works in close partnership with the Hydraulic Institute in the US. This partnership reflects ever closer cooperation

between pump manufacturers' associations, a development that mirrors this magazine's evolution from national through

European to global coverage.


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A brief history of the pump industry

2000

BCEgyptians invent the shadoof

200

BC

Ctesibius invents the reciprocating pump; Archimedean screw pump described (but notinvented) by Archimedes

1580 Sliding vane pump invented by Ramelli; Serviere invents the gear pump

1650 Otto van Guericke invents his piston vacuum pump

1674 Sir Samuel Morland patents the packed plunger pump

1738 Ural hydraulic machinery plant established

1790 Plenty Ltd established

Thomas Simpson establishes his pump business in London Hayward Tyler established

1830 Screw pump invented by Revillion

1834 Sulzer Brothers founded

1840 Henry R Worthington invents the first direct-acting steam pump

1848 Goulds Pumps founded

1851 John Gwynne patents his centrifugal pump improvements

1853 Bornemann Pumpen founded

1856 Gilbert Gilkes & Gordon founded

1857 Roper Pump Company founded

Jacob Edson invents the diaphragm pump and founds the Edson Corporation

1860 David Brown commences business as pattern maker

Allweiler founded

A.S. Cameron invents the first reciprocating steam pump

1862 Lawrence Pumps established; Philipp Hilge founded

1866 Lederle founded

Sigma Lutin founded; Stork Pumpen founded Scanpump founded

1871 KSB established; Southern Cross established in Australia

George and James Weir set up the partnership that forms the Weir Group


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1872 Weise & Monski, Ochsner, Byron Jackson and Wilo founded

1873 G & J Weir moves to Glasgow

1875 Hodgkin and Neuhaus, forerunner of SPP, founded

1877 Ritz Pumpenfabrik established

1878Steimel founded; Hodgkin and Neuhaus becomes the Pulsometer Engineering Company

Ltd

1881 Halberg Maschinenbau founded

1883 Holden & Brooke founded

A W Chesterton founded

1888 Kirloskar Brothers Ltd founded

1890 Salmson starts making pumps in Paris; Osna Pumpen established

1893 Uraca Pumpenfabrik founded

1894 Sero Pumpenfabrik founded

Peroni founded

1896 KSB opens UK subsidiary; Dia Pumpen founded

1897 Wirth founded

Worthington Pump Company and Thomas Simpson amalgamate to form Worthington

Simpson Ltd

1901 Flygt's forerunner Stenberg founded

1903 Rateau founded

1905 Leistritz Company established

1906 Stuart Turner Ltd founded

1907 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries produces its first pump

1909 Tristam Pumpen and Pumpen fabrik Ernst Vogel founded

Ingersoll-Rand enters the pump business by acquiring the Cameron Steam Pumps Works

1910 Gilbarco produces its first gasoline pump

Dickow Pumpen and Hitachi founded

1911

Jens Nielsen builds the first Viking internal gear pump, founding the Viking Pump

Company


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1912 Ebara Corporation founded; Duriron (Durco Pumps) founded

1916 Hazleton Pumps founded as Barrett Haentjens and Co.

Worthington Pump & Machinery Corporation acquires Worthington Simpson Ltd

1917 John Crane founded; Hydraulic Institute established

Louis Bergeron invented the concrete volute pump and founded Bergeron S.A.

1918 Scanpump and CCM Sulzer founded

1919 Torishima Pump Mfg Co and Kawamoto Pump Mfg established

1920 Bombas Itur, Wernert Pumpen and SIHI established

1921 LaBour founded

1922 Midland Dairy Machines founded

1923 Peerless founded; Pacific Pumps founded

1924 Jung Pumpen established; Leistritz starts making screw pumps

Rheinhuette starts pump production

1926 Arai Pump Mfg. Co. founded

1927 Industrial Filter and Pump Mfg Co forerunner founded

Edur Pumpenfabrik founded

1928 Girdlestone Pumps founded

1929 Heishin Works, and Houttuin founded

Pleuger pioneers the submersible turbine pump motor

Stenberg and Flygt commence their cooperation

1930Ren Moineau receives a doctorate for his thesis which will lead to the invention of the

progressing cavity pump

Ensival starts selling centrifugal pumps

Reda Pump Company founded

1931 Imo established by Ingestrm and Montelius

VNII Gidromash research and design organization founded in Moscow

1932 PCM founded; Sarlin Pumps founded; Bran+Luebbe founded

1933 Bush pump invented; Gormann-Rupp established


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1936Robbins & Myers acquires North American license for the Moineau progressing cavity

pump

Mono Pumps Ltd formed to manufacture and distribute Moineau's pump design in the

UK

1937 Sigmund Pumps Ltd (GB) established

1938 Ebsray and Warman International founded

1940 Grindex founded; Dresser acquires Pacific Pumps

1941 British Pump Manufacturers Association founded

Smedegaard Pumps founded

1944 Franklin Electric founded

1945 Grundfos Pumps, Caprari and Flexibox founded

1946 Cornell Pumps, Klaus Union, Totton Pumps founded

1947 HMD Seal/Less Pumps established; Hyundai founded

1948 Abel Pumps launched; Mast Pumpen founded

Stenberg Flygt AB designs the first submersible drainage pump; Varisco starts pump

production

1949 HMD supplies its first production magnet-drive pump

1950 Batescrew estabIished; Delasco founded

1951 Tsurumi and Netzsch Mohnop umpen founded

1952 Lewa and Rovatti founded

1953 Nikkiso established

1954 Orlita and Sta-Rite founded

Bell & Gossett opens its Little Red Schoolhouse training facility

1955 Wilden and DMW Corporation established

Borg-Warner acquires Byron Jackson

1956 Flygt introduces the submersible sewage pump

Saer Elettropompe founded

1957 Richter Chemie-Technik founded

Centrilift founded


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1958 Heishin Works becomes Heishin Pump Works Co Ltd

SSP Pumps founded

1959 World Pumps is launched as Pumping

ABS and Calpeda founded

1960 David Brown Pumps division formed

Europump established

1961 Ingersoll-Rand acquires the Aldrich Pump Company

Pulsometer Engineering joins the Booker McConnel Group, which had already acquired

Sigmund Pumps

1962 Acromet commences operations

1964 First edition of the Pumping Manual published

1965 Nigo's Pumps incorporated in India; Warren Rupp founded

Sulzer acquires majority interest in Weise & Monski

Pumping becomes Pumps, Pompes, Pumpen

1966 Crisafulli Pump Company founded; ITT acquires Jabsco

1967 Scienco founded

1968 Johnson Pump International founded

ITT Corporation acquires Flygt

1969 Weir acquires Harland Engineering; Worthington acquires Worthington-Simpson

1970Alma Pompe founded; Weir buys Drysdale; Ingersoll-Rand buys Sigmund Pumps Ltd

(GB) in Gateshead, UK

1971 SIHI takes over Halberg; Gvelot group acquires Delasco

Turbosan founded

Seepex Seeberger founded

1973 Crest Pumps Ltd founded

1976 Worthington acquires Sier-Bath Pump Division from Gilbarco

1977 Ingersoll-Rand buys Western Land Roller Irrigation Pumps

Sterling Fluid Systems (TBG) buys Peerless Pump


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1978Thompsons acquires the pump manufacturing operations of Kelly & Lewis to form

Thompsons, Kelly & Lewis

1979 Totton Pumps bought by Wolseley plc

SPP acquires Godiva Fire Pumps

1981 Red Jacket and Hydromatic merge to form Marley Pump

Sterling Fluid Systems takes a half share in SIHI

1982 Pumps, Pompes, Pumpen is relaunched as World Pumps Magazine

Biwater acquires Wallwin Pumps

SPP is subject to a management buy-out

1984 First Texas A&M Pump Users Symposium

SIHI buys the canned motor programme of Bran+Luebbe

1985 Dresser Industries acquires Worthington Pumps

KSB acquires Pompes Guinard; Scanpump acquires Pumpex

SIHI buys the pump programme of MAN

Pentair acquires FE Myers; Goulds

Pumps acquires Lowara

SPP acquires Henry Sykes plc

1987Bedford Pumps launched; BW/IP formed by management buy-out of Borg-Warner's

Industrial Products subsidiary

Weir buys Mather and Platt Machinery; SIHI France buys Schabaver; Dresser acquires

Pleuger Pumps

1988 KSB acquires a majority stake in Georgia Iron Works

Scanpump acquires Pompes Lefi; Idex Corporation founded

Weir buys the large pumps business of WH Allen & Gwynnes from NEI; BW/IP

acquires United Centrifugal Pumps

Braithwaite acquires SPP and sells off Godiva Fire Pumps

1989 Elsevier acquires World Pumps; Scanpump acquires ABS; Pearce Pump Supply founded

TBG acquires SPP Ltd as part of Sterling Fluid Systems

Dresser Industries acquires Mono Pumps Ltd; Ingersoll-Rand acquires Scienco Ltd


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Watson-Marlow bought by Spirax-Sarco

1991 Idex acquires Corken; Baker Hughes acquires Geho

1992Ingersoll-Rand and Dresser Industries merge their pump businesses to form Ingersoll

Dresser Pumps (IDP)

Warman acquires Girdlestone Pumps

Idex acquires Pulsafeeder and Johnson Pump (UK) Ltd

Weir buys Floway; BW/IP buys ACEC

Ebara establishes state-of-the-art manufacturing plant in Italy

1993 United Dominion acquires Marley Pump

Vogel acquires Ochsner

Sterling Fluid Systems acquires LaBour

1994 Weir acquires EnviroTech Pumpsys tems

Warman acquires Barrett Haentjens

Idex acquires Hale Products;

Goulds acquires Vogel

ITT buys Richter Chemie-Technik

Sundstrand acquires HMD Seal/less Pumps

1995Idex acquires Micropump; BW/IP acquires the Wilson-Snyder centrifugal pump business

from National Oilwell

Durametallic acquires Pacseal and then is bought by Duriron

1996Hayward Tyler sold by Sterling Fluid Systems, which buys the remaining half share in

SIHI; Grundfos acquires Interdab

Pump Industry Analyst launched

BW/IP acquires Stork Pumps' engineered pumps business

Johnson Pumps International acquires the modular pumps business

Durco and BW/IP merge to form Flowserve Corp.

ITT Industries acquires Goulds

Idex acquires Blagdon Pumps

Textron acquires Maag Pump Systems


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Spirax-Sarco acquires Bredel

Pentair acquires General Signal's Pump Group

Constellation Capital acquires Imo

David Brown acquires Union Pump Company

Gilbert Gilkes & Gordon buys Wallwin Pumps from Biwater

Textron buys David Brown Union Pumps

Constellation Capital buys Allweiler; Glynwed acquires Friatec; Sundstrand acquires

Ansimag and Masco; Weir buys Schabaver

1999 Hayward Tyler acquires APV Industrial Pumps

Ebara acquires Cryostar cryogenic pumps

Howard Anderson buys Pullen Pumps

Sterling Fluid Systems acquires QVF Engineering (Germany)

United Technologies Corp acquires Sundstrand

Textron buys KSB Annecy (France)

Weir Group acquires Warman International (including Girdle stone Pumps)

United Dominion Industries acquires Bran+Luebbe; Ensival merges with Moret

2000 Flowserve acquires IDP

ABS acquires CH&E Pumps (USA)

Cat Pumps (UK) buys Ram Pumps

Grundfos acquires Myson and Sarlin Pumps

Sulzer acquires Ahlstrom Pumps

Watson-Marlow Bredel acquires Alitea (Sweden)

Roper acquires Abel; Blackmer buys Chesterton's System One pumps

Sulzer (temporarily) decides to leave the pump business; Sundyne acquires Caster (Italy)

2001 SPX acquires United Dominion Industries

Godwin Pumps of America acquires Godwin Pumps (UK)

Lightnin (of SPX) acquires Plenty Group

Metso acquires Svedala; Idex acquires Versa-Matic


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2002 Gorman-Rupp acquires American Machine and Tool

Grundfos takes controlling interest in Chung Suk (Korea)

ITT acquires Svedala Robot (Holland)

Idex acquires Wrightech (USA)

2003 National Oilwell acquires Mono and Corlac (Canada)

Wilo acquires EMU

Weir Engineering Services acquires Allen Gwynnes pump business

Kirloskar acquires SPP Pumps; KSB acquires controlling share in Bombas Itur (Spain)

2004Howden pumps merge with Orbit in South Africa; Flowserve acquire Thompsons, Kelly

& Lewis; Armstrong Pumps buy Holden Brooke Pullen, Baric and RMI

Grundfos take control of Philipp Hilge

Dover Resources acquire Almatec

2005 Grundfos takes over Tesla (Italian submersible motor maker)

National Oilwell merges with Varco International

Interpump acquires Hammelmann

Weir acquires Pompe Gabbioneta (Italy)

Wilo acquires majority holding in Mather & Platt Pumps and Fire Systems (India)

Grundfos acquires Brisan Turbo (South Africa)

2006 SPX acquires Johnson Pump

Franklin Electric acquires Little Giant Pump

United Components acquire ASC Industries (USA)

Wilo acquires Circulating Pumps (UK)

South Bank UK acquires Hayward Tyler Group

Sulzer Pumps sells Paco to Grundfos

Pentair acquires Jung Pumpen (Germany)

Lowara buys Mercury submersible motors (Italy)

2007 Sulzer's proposed acquisition of Weir Pumps falls through

Clyde Pumps (part of Clyde Blowers) acquires Weir Pumps


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SPX acquires APV

Grundfos acquires Peerless Pump

Wilden Pump acquires Griswold Pump

Franklin Electric acquires Monarch Industries pump division (USA)

Weir Group acquires Multifl o Australia and SPM Flow Control (USA).

2008 Weir Group acquires CH Warman Pump Group

Franklin Electric acquires Industrias Schneider (Brazil)

Flowserve complete acquisition of Niigata Worthington (Japan)

Dover Corporation acquires Neptune Chemical Pump to join its Pump Solutions Group

(Wilden, Blackmer, Griswold, Almatec)

Weir Group acquires Mesa Manufacturing (USA)

Hamilton Sunstrand acquires Marelli Pumps (Spain)

Clyde Blowers acquires Textron Fluid and Power division (including Maag Pump

Systems and Union Pumps)

IDEX acquires Richter

Chemie-Technik.

INTRODUCTION

We are introducing ourself as an Examining Body conducting common Professional DiplomaExamination in Automobile Engineering for the working professionals in India through different mcentres.

This professional organisation was established in 1969. It was registered under Societies Act 18seven Governing council members in 1975. After the Tamil Nadu Govt. regulated their own SociAct, this organisation was registered again under Tamil Nadu Government Societies Act 1975 duyear 1985. From the year 1996 to 2001 our Examining Body was recognised by Continuing EducProgramme of AICTE as an Examining body to conduct examination in the area of Engineering t


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all AICTE-CEP approved Training centers. After June 2001, the CEP programme was withdrawnAICTE-New Delhi.

Concept: Motor Industry is fast developing in India and providing employment to several thousaour youth. Many of these Industries have their own implant training facilities. In addition there areprivate technical institutes at many places imparting training in Automobile engineering and awartheir own certificates or Diplomas which due to the localised nature of the examination may not asufficient stature to get Government recognition.

But there is hardly any common All India level Examination of the Diploma standard in AutomobilEngineering at present where those Working professionals in this particular field as private candican qualify themselves. Many of them therefore go in for the examinations conducted by some foorganisations.

No doubt some of these examinations are internationally well known, though not officially recogniIndia, but Indian students are faced with some serious drawbacks for passing these examination

of the under mentioned difficulties and many become disappointed.

The main difficulties are:

1. Since the answer books are valued in foreign countries a fairly good standard of English is neIn view of the secondary place given for the study of English in the present day Educational syststudents find it difficult to express themselves in correct English, although they may have goodknowledge of the subject.

2. Difficulties to go through all the formalities required such as getting supporters etc.

3. Difficulties to get foreign exchange required for Registration fees, Examination fees etc.

4. The Systems, laws etc., governing Motor Industry included in the syllabus of these Examinatiobased on the practice followed by those foreign countries concerned which are not always samefollowed in this country. Hence apart from the difficulty in getting proper coaching on the practicefollowed in those countries the student may get confused.

Some of the foreign organisation exploiting this prevailing situation and misguiding the aspirantsintend to get foreign certificates by appointing their own agents in India. These agents coaching t

students through their agents institution according to their own syllabus ( some of them not evencoaching as there is no infrastructure facilities) and conducting their own examination in India anawarding foreign certificate by collecting huge amount from the students.

To obtain the foreign certificate these agents paying heavy foreign exchange to the foreign OrgaEven though these Foreign certificates are not recognised in India, as there is no access for theProfessionals to get recognised and identifiable certificate, they are going after these Foreign certo maintain their status by spending huge amount which is not identified their standard. Besides fNational points of view, there is a heavy drain on our hard pressed foreign Exchange.

Another drawback is that those who pass those examinations are isolated in a vast country like Ithat no Professional Organisation can be effectively organised by those persons to help and guid

in their professional career. Particularly some states in North India, North west and North east Invery few Govt. recognised Engineering Colleges and Polytechnics to promote technical Educatio


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Engineering aspirant students to venture their study in diploma and degree in Engineering courscoming to South India which has number of private Govt. recognised Engineering Colleges andPolytechnics (Nowadays the Education become business in these States) to fulfill their ambitiousspending huge amount of their parents hard earned money. Many aspirants in those states couldthe same due to their economic condition. They are all left out in the society without fulfilling theirambition though they have full potential of knowledge and aim. To reach the technical Educationthe remote places in India for these deprived persons, the common examination by framing stansyllabus is highly necessary. The need for developing an All India level Examination on the Diplstandard in Automobile Engineering was keenly felt and A.M.I.M.I. (India) is the result.

AIM: The pattern introduced is providing Engineering Education at a diploma level. The professidiploma examination is termed as Associate member of "Institute of Motor Industry (India)" ie. A

These supplementary Industries, which too are continuously upgrading themselves technologicalfrom air conditioners to car stereos to number plates are Letter etchings. Another important setindustries linked with the automobile are bearings range of chemicals, greases, additives and sethat keep the various part of the machine functioning smoothly, prolong the life of the vehicle or iits fuel efficiency.

Of course, machinery for making auto components themselves constitute an industry. Seating syfoams and machinery or handling material such as leather used for seat cushions are another coindustry. Then there are a whole range of hand tools of differing sizes and precision that are usein the automobile assembly plants (which, however, are getting increasingly automatised or evenrobotised) or wielded by thousands of mechanics servicing operating vehicles, besides being offbuyers of vehicles in a small kit. Relatively new arrivals in the Indian scene linked to automobilesautomatic garage doors and safety equipment.

The convertors, that are meant to combat pollution and also raise the fuel efficiency of vehicles, itwo wheelers and cars, running on leaded petrol, as distinct from Catalytic convertors that are panew car which is run on unleaded petrol. These Convertors, based on MASER (microwave amplthrough stimulated emission Radiation) technology, use base metals and hence are said to be hicost-effective.

The ubiquitous computers are of course there, assisting in testing of part and components or indesigning automobiles and its various internal structures. Last, but not the least, are financiers, acourse, information systems, including journals and internet sites, that focus on the automobile.

No wonder States and Nations vie with each other to attract global automobile major as a strategemployment generation and wealth creation.

This Associate membership examination will be regarded as a qualification for a technician who iqualified by specialist technical education to work under the general direction of technologist whobe a "Charter Engineering". The working professional who are passing the Associate Membershiexamination of this Institute are normally engaged in manufacture, service and maintenance ofAutomobiles, garaging equipments and systems at the designed performance level filling subordiposts in private sector, central and State Government services.

The Society intend to expand its activities in addition to the examination in the way of conductingmeeting and conference to create awareness and remedy on the present day problems, such aspollution control, traffic rules and development, Road Safety and other related matters in collaborwith Major Automobile Industries, Govt. sector and some International Organisation who are in thAutomobile field by developing their contact through website. As first step the society circulatingBulletin to all their members. Through bulletin it furnishes all the details latest development and Iin the Automobile Industry.


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Concept: Importance of AUTOMOBILE field: Accelerator of job generation

Any automobile-be it a car, a truck or a two-wheeler is obviously a mere assemblage of hundredparts and components that ultimately impart to it the quality of locomotion.

These components, varying from the engine to fastners (nuts and bolts ofvarious sizes) are behihuge employment, especially in the medium and small sectors, that the automobile industry creato mention thousands more by way of service centers and mechanic workshops. Industries, bothdomestic and foreign, such as special grade steel, paints and tyres, castings and forgings areincreasingly even plastics, are major suppliers of auto plants and component units.

But the fact that a plethora of other industries, not immediately connected with the Technology of

locomotion also thrive either fully or partly, on making supplies to the Automotive industry is obvia glance.

As stated above, the Motor Industry is fast developing in India providing employment to several tof our youth. The working professional involved in these Automobile and its allied trade industriethough they have much knowledge in practical, they have less opportunities to qualify themselvetheory subjects.

Some of the major players in the Automobile sectors are Daewoo Motors, Hindustan Motors, MaMahindra and Mahindra, Bajaj Tempo, Hero Group, Eicher group are developing new models. InExide, Mercedes Benz, TI Group, Fenner, Lucas India, TVS, Castrol, Atlas Copco, Pennzoil, SchSandt Ag, Ceat, Kirloskar Pneumatic, Ramon and Demm, Philips India, Manatic Sales, Union Mo

Birlas, Hindustan Petroleum, Pentafour, are others in India.

Some of the ancillary products in the automobile sector other than its accelories are Lubricant prshock absorbers, exhaust systems and struts, Corning, ceramic catalytic convertor substrator, difilters and small engine convertor, press, body and Paint shops, electronic fuel pumps, medium imelting and heating system, Compressors and related products.

HISTORY OF AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

Though America did not invent the car, it soon dominated the industry worldwide. Innovators likeFord developed the first assembly line car production system in 1903, and in 1908 his famous Mbecame the first affordable car for millions.

Few are aware that American cars also had a great impact on India and that an enterprising Amehad introduced India's first fleet of 50 taxis in Bombay way back in 1930. Before World War II, camainly been the playthings of the Maharajas who preferred the elegant vehicles of Britain and Euthe practical cars of America.

India's first car assembly plant was, however, set up by General Motors in Bombay in 1943. It iniproduced cars for the war efforts and their big Chevrolets were to soon become the best knowntime. Ford followed soon after, but both found India's new industrial policies unacceptable and clshop in 1949. In the 1950's Premier Automobiles produced Dodge cars and trucks for a few year

The next 25 years till 1984 were a Dark Age for the Indian car, and Hindustan Motors, PremierAutomobiles, Standard Motors and Kaiser Corporation produced boring and unreliable Indian ver


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the Morris, Fiat and Standard cars and Willys Jeeps.

The Government, inspired by visions of Gandhian simplicity and socialist egalitarianism, considecar a plaything of a slite, crippled it with restrictions and taxes and deprived the country of an indnow recognised as one of the greatest engines for Economic and employment growth.

During these years, America, however, remained one of the major sources of engineering and autechnologies and many US companies went into joint ventures with Indian companies to producrange of automotive components like shock absorbers, gaskets, pistons, brake systems, tyres etGoodyear set up India's first tyre plant in Calcutta in 1920. Firestone followed a few years later.from international Harvester and Ford also made their marks.

In the early 1980's things began to change. Sanjay Gandhi loved cars and spurred the dream of tpeople's car for India. Japanese vehicles then stormed the market. Suzuki revolutionized Indianits little Maruti 800 that was India's first modern car.

It set new standards of convenience, reliability and fuel economy.

Motorcycles from Honda, Suzuki, Yamaha and Kawasaki then stirred the two-wheeler market antrucks for Nissan, Toyota and Mitsubishi reshaped the light transport sector.

Suzuki's partnership with the Maruti, a public sector company, also resulted in customer credit bavailable for the first time from nationalized banks and several credit agencies. American banks liCitibank and Bank of America soon took the lead and defined procedures that the industry was t

This belated hire/purchase facility contributed to a large expansion of market potential as Indian

could for the first time buy against their future incomes instead of having a rely on their meager salone.

The market began to stir and many US, European and Japanese companies began studying Indimarket potential. A study team from Ford concluded that the over taxed Indian citizen was a poocustomer without access to any bank or private finance. The study concluded that, as the Govercompanies bought most new cars, there was no market to small cars but some potential for big o

The reform process that began in 1991 soon saw an invasion of potential investors from almost eautomaker seriously examining the Indian market.

Beyond Automotives

World vehicle production is expected to exceed 1.5 billion units by 2015. This is Equivalent to thenumber of vehicles produced in the history of the motor industry.

To cope with the huge rise in vehicle population, the existing production units will have to be expand updated. At present, more than 1.4 billion tonnes of steel, metals, glass, rubber and plasticsthe world's roads, all of which will be scrapped or recycled over the next 16 years.

In 1995, the US, Japan and Germany alone accounted for 50 percent of all vehicle sales and owwhereas 74 per cent of global demand is in the developing nations, according to an export study.

The Indian Automotive Industry has been growing at an impressive rate of 50 percent in the lastyears. The economic liberalisation has fuelled this market substantially, and the current concern


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automotive industry is to sustain this pace of growth.

Many new vehicles have successfully entered the Indian market and, with the increase in incomeof individuals, there is a possibility of a substantial rise in demand for luxury cars.

Fierce Competition

The Indian automotive industry has by now emerged as one of the most vibrant sectors of the ecCompetition has intensified with the setting up of several joint ventures. Many new cars manufactIndia have been introduced in the market, and more are expected to join the hand shortly. An intdevelopment competition in the industry is the emergence of segmentation, particularly in the pacar sector, which is currently witnessing greater influx of leading players, with the entry of GenerMotors, Peugeot, Fiat, Ford Motors, Suzuki, Hyundai and others. The middle segment is the focuincreased attention.

Heavy vehicles segment: In the commercial vehicles segment, the shift is towards Medium, heav

specialised vehicles e.g. those manufacturers for courier and catering services. Segmentation cbe attribute to growth in consumer goods markets which dictates preference for certain type of v

On the export front, the industry recorded a Fifteen percent growth in 2003-04 over that of 2002-Passenger cars registered a 35 percent growth in the first quarter over the corresponding periodprevious financial year.

The market potential in India is enormous, that at the current and projected rates of production, Ibe in a position to produce and sell 8 to 9 Lakhs cars alone by 2006 A.D. This explains why autolike Renault, Valvo, Toyota, and Dahatsu are ready to enter the Indian scene with their massiveinvestment plans. The ancillaries and accessories segment too remains active and kicking, as evthe investment proposals formulated by International specialist. Reports have it that Korean, Jap

and American auto components and auto accessories manufacturers have got their plans readyin investments worth Rs. 2800 crores at the Irungattukottai Industrial park developed by SIPCOTChennai.

Small car era in India: A small family car fit for the middle and lower middle class. The Automobgiants-Telco, Hyundai and Daewoo-have already started their small car production.Hyundai's production and Sales reached more than 1,00,000 in the shorter period.Telco's Mint and Daewoo Matiz already hit the Indian roads. All the three companieconfident enough of successfully marketing their respective vehicles in a market tha

to hot op in the coming and later years.

Industry Commitment

Thus the automotive sector is geared to meet expectations and a commitment for the future, aimiseven per cent plus growth in GDP, and has directed its efforts towards industrialisation, technolupgradation, employment generation, safety enhancement and greater customer satisfaction.

Installed capacities in Indian Automobile Industry

Industry experts aware that Asia will develop into the world's biggest automobile Market by 2005annual sales of 10 million vehicles. In India alone, the demand for Automobile will rise from 400,about 1.5 million vehicles by 2001.

I. Vehicles having four or more wheels such as light, medium and heavy vehicles multi-utility vehi

and passenger cars.


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