History of Outdoor Education as a curriculum area in Victoria
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Transcript of History of Outdoor Education as a curriculum area in Victoria
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OEEDU5001 Concepts in Outdoor Education
Week two
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What are the origins of OEE?
When did OEE begin in schools and in what form?
When did it become part of the:
•Curriculum?
•VCE?
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What are the origins of OEE?
How does OE’s history influence how it is conducted today?
What is professionalism in OE?
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Four main components of curriculum
Content = what is taught.
Process = how it is taught.
Context = the circumstances in which it is taught.
Outcomes = what is learned.
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Processes of learning = methods
– the how of teaching.
OE often thought of and written about as experiential learning.
(especially in Nth America).
Process
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Most common model of process in OE is the
experiential learning cycle (David Kolb 1984)
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Process
Contested? Simplistic? Linked to learning styles? Time frames?
Processes can be applied to a very wide range of outcomes.
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Context
Outdoor education can deliberately change context – the settings in which teaching and learning occur.
(It might be the only thing it does!)
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Context
Deliberately constructing alternate worlds (what?)
Enabling critical reflection (why critical?)
Looking back…
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Outcomes?
…are what students come away learning – understanding,
doing, feeling…
(Sometimes “outcome” is used to describe aims or goals. Eg. On the VCE OES design)
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In OE, outcomes have been traditionally described as
being:
• about the self;• about the community or others and; • about the natural world or nature.
(technical outdoor skills)(promote, enhance academic learning. USA, NZ EOTC.)
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What outcomes do you hold to be most important for you
at this point?
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Content?
…is the material that you might teach or introduce to
students… the subject matter
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History of Outdoor Education as a curriculum area in
Victoria
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Curriculum development 101
Curriculum reflects social concern.
As concerns change, schooling is often charged with “fixing” social problems.
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Curriculum development 101
The problems or issues given most space, are those that are most important at any time.
Importance is determined by those holding power.
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Curriculum development 101
Power and concerns shift
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Outdoor recreation is the basis for outdoor education
in schools
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1930’s
Enthusiastic teachers take students on extended
bushwalks (Otways, Wilsons Prom.)
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1940’s
Expeditions in Tas.
(eg.,Geelong College)
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Late 1940’s
Wesley & Caulfield Grammar establish camps
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1952
Geelong Grammar
establish Timbertop. Based on character building principles
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1950’s – 1960’s
Expanded school curricula include extra-curricular
adventure activities.
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1959
Somers camp established (DoE)
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1960’s
Outward Bound - 26 day programs
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1970’s
Schools begin to integrateOEd into core curriculum
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1971
Bogong School Camp established
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1972
Fatality on Cradle Mtn.(Footscray Tech.)
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1973
School Camps Branchestablished to monitor school
outdoor activities
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1970’s
Education Department puts$’s into training & support
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1975
Safety in Adventure Activities published
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1970’s
Core outcomes remain personal and group
development, based on pushing comfort zones and
character building exercises.
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1978
Rubicon School Camp established
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1980’s
Belt tightening by ministry
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1981
Victorian Outdoor Education
Association (VOEA) established
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1982
School Camps Branch
disbanded. Individual regions appoint OE curriculum
consultants.
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1983
OEd included in Personal
Devt. area of school curriculum.
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1984
OEd accepted by VISE as a Group 2 Yr 12 subject
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1988
Report of the Ministerial Review of OEd.
Acknowledged OE as process of learning in addition to…
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1989
The Personal Development Framework published
(incl. OEd. as a unique curric. area)
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Outdoor Education gets green
• Squeeze on subjects at yr 12.• Growing public concern over
environmental issues. • Search for distinctive contributions
for OE
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1992
VCE OEd fully established as human development and
HNR.
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1996
Curriculum StandardsFramework Course Advice for
OEd (P-10)
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2000
VCE Outdoor & Environmental Studies merged OE and
Enviro Studies
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2000
VET Outdoor Recreationcreated from national training
package. Separated outdoor education from outdoor
recreation.
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2000+
Revised CSF into VELS
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Today
Outdoor Ed Outdoor Rec
University degree TAFE RTO certificate
Teacher educator Leader instructor
Government Commercial
HNR & other ed. outcomes.
Activity skills and ???
Mainly schools Mainly schools
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2009
National curriculum debateson inclusion of OE three foci,personal outdoor experience
(place), H.N.R. critique, management of
risk/outdoor skills.
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2010
Labor state gov. pledgesAlternate year 9 experience with
OE as central pillar (70% support) – Loses election!
(Resilience)
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2012
National curriculum scopingpaper sets out HPE curriculum
for next decade. OE??? Not there????
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Mapping the field(Where are we at?)
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The traditional base of all outdoor education today is
outdoor recreation.
• UK import? • Australian bushman (sic) • Journey based • Human effort • Self sufficiency
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Mapping the Field
Outdoor recreationOutdoor
recreationOutdoor
educationOutdoor
education
Corporate training
Corporate training
Adventure therapy
Adventure therapy Evolved to
seek differing educational goals
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Mapping the Field
Seeks primarily to increase opportunities for recreation and leisure through skill mastery, socialisation, relaxation or intellectual stimulation
Outdoor recreationOutdoor
recreation
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Mapping the Field
Corporate training
Corporate training
Concerned with enabling work groups to improve functional communication and vocationally related productivity outcomes
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Mapping the Field
Seeks to “change dysfunctional behaviour patterns, using adventure experiences forms of habilitation and rehabilitation” (Priest and Gass 1997, p.24).
Adventure therapy
Adventure therapy
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Mapping the Field
Critical outdoor education is concerned with humanity’s relationship with nature. It “is aimed at examining outdoor recreation and environmental issues in light of the dominant social order” (Martin 1999, p.464)
Outdoor educationOutdoor
education
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Mapping the Field
Outdoor recreationOutdoor
recreationOutdoor
educationOutdoor
education
Corporate training
Corporate training
Adventure therapy
Adventure therapy
More like traditional outdoor recreation
More like traditional outdoor recreation
More like critical outdoor educationMore like critical
outdoor education
More like adventure
therapy
More like adventure
therapy
More like personal
development
More like personal
development
More like group
development (community)
More like group
development (community)
Connections(common ground)
Connections(common ground)
Connections(common ground)
Outdoor experiencesActivity skillsExperiential learningEnvironmental issuesSocial & cultural justiceLeadership & teachingQuality & research
Connections(common ground)
Outdoor experiencesActivity skillsExperiential learningEnvironmental issuesSocial & cultural justiceLeadership & teachingQuality & research