HISTORY OF ORGANIZATIONAL

BEHAVIOR

Presented by- A.Raj Shravanthi

Classical View Bureaucracy Scientific Management Administrative Neoclassical Human Relations Movement Chester Barnard Integrating management theories Contingency Approach System Behavioural approach Quantitative approach

EARLY MANAGEMENT APPROACHES

MODERN MANAGEMENT APPROACHES

Classical Administration Theory

Classical View (Early 1900s-1920)Bureaucracy: Max Weber(father of modern

sociology) Strict chain of command, detailed

rules, high specialization, centralized power, and selection and promotion based on technical competence

Classical Administration Theory

Scientific management: Focusses on worker & machine relationship. Frederick Taylor(1911)-Father of Scientific

Management. Published- Principles of Scientific

Management Gilberth- “one best way” of doing work Motion study & time study Henry Gantt(1861-1919)- Gantt charts Henry focussed on motivational schemes,

leadership and management skills for an effective industrial organisation

Classical Administration Theory

Administrative Management: Henri Fayol (1941-1924), popularized

the concept of the “universality of management principles”

Father of Modern Management. Attempts to prescribe the “correct” way

to manage an organization and achieve its goals

High specialization of labour (each dept tended to its own business, and decision making was centralized)

Neoclassical School Human relations Chester Barnard(1886-1961)

Human Relations Movement Advocates management styles that are more

participative and oriented towards employee needs

Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company; 1924-1932

Initiated as an attempt to investigate how characteristics of the work setting affect employee fatigue and performance (i.e., lighting)

Found that productivity increased regardless of whether illumination was raised or lowered

Chester Barnard 3 top functions of executives-1. Establish and maintain an effective

communication system2. Hire and retain effective personnel3. Motivate those personnel He gave ‘Acceptance Theory of

Authority;

Modern management approach System theory Contingency view Behavioural approach Quntitative approach

System approach Emerged during 1940s and World War-2 System is also an organization just like a human

body. it can be defined as “essentially a set or assembly of

things interconnection or interdependent , so as to form a complex unites”

Any degree of change will affect some other system.

Firstly applied in the fields of science and engineering system.

There are 2 major types of system: 1)open system. 2) Closed system.

Goals and Values

Technology

Structure

Public

Government

Inputs Outputs

Sub Systems

System Approach

Contingency View(mid 1960s) Also called Situational approach Emphasizes the fit b/w organisation

process and the characteristic of the situation.

It assumes that managerial behaviour is dependent on wide variety of elements.

Behavioural approach It is improved and more mature version

of the human relations approach. Scientists like Douglas McGregor,

Abraham Maslow, Kurt Lewin, Chester Barnard, Mary Parker Follet etc contributed to this behavioural approach hence they are called Behavioural scientists.

Their contributions helped in understanding OB.

Quantitative approach Also called the management science

approach It gained momentum during 2nd world

war to seek solutions to complex problems in warfare

The scientists engaged for this purpose were known as Operations Research teams(‘.’ it included contruction of mathematical models to simulate the problem)

References Textbooks : Organisational Behaviour- Stephen P.

Robbins Principles of Management- Harold Koontz,

Heinz Weihrich, A Ramachandran Aryasri.Internet : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Organizational_studies www.prenhall.com

Thankyou