History of Native Trees in Connecticut
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Transcript of History of Native Trees in Connecticut
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HISTORY OF NATIVE TREES IN
CONNECTICUT
Elaine M. GeorgeBridgeport, CT
November 2010
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HISTORY OF NATIVE TREES
ALONG THE PEQUONNOCK RIVER
Elaine M. GeorgeBridgeport, CT
November 2010
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HARBOR OF BRIDGEPORT, CT 1830S
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Pequonnock River
Bridgeport, CT
Industry and Denuding of the River Landscape
1700s Bridgeport Harbor and
Pequonnock River base of privateering activities
including slave trade and Caribbean products such as rum
Mid 1800s Bridgeport already industrialized
Pequonnock River used for coal depots, logging depots
and sawmills, fabric mills,
Railroad adjacent to river faciliated industrialization
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Urban Bridgeport, CT
Lumber and Logging Hub Minimum of Five (5) Lumber Mills along the
Pequonnock River in Bridgeport 1860s
Nickerson Lumber Yard
(Steam Sawmill and Ream Mill)
Thompson Coal and Wood
Lumber Street Yard, Coal and Carpet
Smith and Wilcox Lumber
J. Hawley Lumber Yard
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Urbanization-Industrializationof Bridgeport, CT
1880s
Pequonnock Riverand Logging Trade
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Historical Documentation of Native Tree
and Other Plant Species
Sparse scientific documentation of native trees and otheroriginal plants along the urban Pequonnock River
Period art is one alternate source for information about
native plant species
Old journals, newspapers, old maps
Phyto or Botanical Archeology
(never performed along the urban river)
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Housatonic River October 11, 1898
Stratford, CT (sampleofnativeplantspeciesinart)
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Asher Durand
Nature Studyof Trees 1849
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ESTABLISHMENT OF CITY PARKS
DENUDING ANDDESTRUCTIONOF THE LANDSCAPE AND FORESTS
ESTABLISHMENTOF CITY PARKS
BEARDSLEY PARK AND SEASIDE PARK
BEARDSLEY PARK 1880S
(PEQUONNOCK RIVER NEAR TRUMBULL, CT)
SEASIDE PARK (P. T. BARNUM)(CREATED BY BUILDING DAMS ANDDRAINING
AREAS UNDERWATER NEAR LONG ISLAND SOUND
1860S .)
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CITY PARKS AND PLANT NURSERIES
MID 1800S PARALLELDEVELOPMENTOF CIT Y PARK
SYSTEM AND PLANT NURSERIES
VERFAENE NURSERY
PEQUONNOCK NURSERY WITH HOTHOUSE
CITY PLANT NURSERY
STREET TREES
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Bridgeport, CT
Plant Nurseries 1867
Verfaene Plant Nursery
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Bridgeport, CT
Plant Nurseries 1867
Pequonnock Nurseryand Hothouse
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Walnut Wood
Nathaniel Wheeler residence 1867
Contemporary Site of Bridgeport, CT
City Hall Building
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New Haven Registerarticle
Topic: Beardsley Park, Bridgeport, CT
August 5, 1882
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REDRESS HISTORICAL EXTINCTION OF THE
RIVER LANDSCAPE
IDENTIFICATION MAPPING
RESTORATION
FUTURE RESEARCH FISHERIES PROTOZOANS
OXYGEN, NITROGEN, NUTRIENT ANALYSIS RESTORE NATIVE PLANTS ALONG RIVER REESTABLISH HABITATS FOR BIRDS AND
MAMMALS
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Plant Species of Fayerweather Island 2005
Dr. Patrick Clooney and Rosenbaum
www.nynjctbotany.org
(SAMPLE OF PLANT IDENTIFICATION LIST FROM 2005 ON FAYERWEATHER ISLAND, SEASIDE PARK, BRIDGEPORT, CT)
PLANT LIST:Dr. Patrick L. Cooney and Sarah-David Rosenbaum
* = plants blooming on field trip, 9/10/2005
Trees:Acer negundo(box elder)Acer saccharinum(silver maple)Aesculus hippocastanum(horse chestnut)Ailanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven)Albiziajulibrissin (silk tree)Caryacordiformis (bitternut hickory)Gleditsiatriacanthos (honey locust)Ilex aquifolium(English holly)Juniperusvirginiana (red cedar)
Piceaabies (Norway spruce)Pinuss p. (pine, 2 needled)Pinuss trobus (white pine)Platanusoccidentalis (American sycamore)Populus alba (white poplar)Populus deltoides(cottonwood)Populus tremuloides(quaking aspen)Quercusalba (white oak)Quercuspalustris (pin oak)Robiniapseudoacacia(black locust)
Shrubs:Iva frutescens(marsh elder)Rhamnuscathartica (common buckthorn)Rhus copallina(winged sumac)Rosa rugosa (wrinkled rose) *waning
Vines:Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (porcelainberry)Celastrusorbiculatus (Asiatic bittersweet)Lathyrusm aritimus(beach pea)Parthenocissus quinquefolia(Virginia creeper)Polygonumscandens (climbing false bindweed)Toxicodendronradicans (poison ivy)
Herbs:
Achilleamillefolium (common yarrow)Alliariapetiolata (garlic mustard)Ambrosia artemisiifolia(common ragweed) *Amphicarpaeabracteata(hog peanut)Arctiums p. (burdock)Artemisia vulgaris (common mugwort)Asclepiassyriaca (common milkweed)Asparagus officinalis(asparagus)Atriplexpatula (orach)Cakileedentula(sea rocket) *Cirsiumvulgare(bull thistle) *Chenopodiumalbum (pigweed)Conyzacanadensis (horseweed)Daturastramonium (jimsonweed)Daucuscarota(Queen Anne's lace) *
Erechtiteshieraciifolia (pileweed)Euphorbia maculata(spotted spurge)Gnaphaliumobtusifolium(sweet everlasting) *Hesperismatronalis(dame's rocket) *Hypericumsp. (St. Johnswort)Lactucaserriola(prickly lettuce) *Lepidiumvirginicum (poor man's pepper)Lespedeza capitata(round-headed bush clover)Limoniumcarolinianum(sea lavender) *Medicagolupulina(black medick) *Menthaspicata (spearmint)Mollugoverticillata (carpetweed)Oenotherabiennis (common evening primrose) *Oxalis sp. (yellow wood sorrel)Phytolaccaamericana(pokeweed)Plantagomajor (comm on plantain)Polygonumsp. (smartweed) *Rumexcrispus (curled dock)Salicorniaeuropaea (slender glasswort)Salsolakali (common saltwort)Saponaria officinalis (bouncing bet) *Solanumdulcamara(bittersweet nightshade) *Solidagosempervirens (salt marsh goldenrod)Suaedalinearis (tall sea blite)Trifoliumpratense(red clover) *Trifoliumrepens (white clover)Typhalatifolia (broad-leaved cattail)Verbascum thapsus(comm on mullein)Xanthium strumarium(clotbur)Yucca filamentosa(Adam's needle)
Grasses:Cenchruss p. (sandbur)Digitariasp. (crab grass)Echinochloasp. (barnyard grass)Elymuss p. (wild rye grass)Panicumvirgatum (switch grass)Phragmitesaustralis (giant reedgrass)Setariaglauca (yellow foxtail grass)
Spartinaalterniflora(s alt marsh cordgrass)Spartinapatens (salt meadow cordgrass)
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CONTEMPORARY BOTANICAL PROJECT
IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPINGOF
NATIVE TREES IN EXTANT PATCHESOF
FOREST ALONG THE RIVER
DENDROCHRONOLOGYOF THESE TREES
CREATE A NATIVE BOTANICAL TEMPLATE
FOR FUTURE DOCUMENTATION
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PEQUONNOCK RIVER HABITAT