C 2329

History of

Modern

Architecture

POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAHArchitecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

Prepared by SKAwww.shahrilkhairi.com

Lecture 01:

HistoricismIndustrial revolutionArt + craft movementArt nouveau movementChicago school

C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAHArchitecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

Prepared by SKA

The Palace of Westminster, London, 1836 to 1868 Gov. Centre, English Gothic RevivalSir Charles Barry, Augustus Pugin

Westminster New Palace, the Houses of Parliament for England and all the United Kingdom, including the famous clock Big Ben. Design of gothic details assisted by A. W. N. Pugin. Use cut stone bearing masonry.

HISTORICISM

C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAHArchitecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

Prepared by SKAHISTORICISM

LocationWashington, D.C.

Construction System

stone bearing masonry, cast iron dome

Context urban

Notes Dome by Thomas UstickWalter, 1851 to 1863

United States Capitol,

Washington 1793 to 1830Gov. Centre, Neo ClassicThornton-Latrobe-Bulfinch

C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAHArchitecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

Prepared by SKA

The development of modern architecture was driven not only by new aesthetic principles.The easy availability of materials such as concrete, iron, steel and glass freed architecture from the restrictions of building in stone, wood and masonryThe new sense of space aimed at meeting the needs of life in the 20th century.

Modular construction system -prefabricated iron sections. Floor area of 770,000 sq ft.,1851 ft long, 450 ft wide.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Crystal Palace,London

1851, moved 1852, burnt

1936 Exposition Hall, Victorian StyleJoseph Paxton

C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAHArchitecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

Prepared by SKA

A symbol of Paris worldwide. 985' high rugged tracery of iron work. Commission from competition victory.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Eiffel Tower

1887 - 1889 Exposition Observation Tower, Victorian Structural ExpressionistGustave Eiffel

C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAHArchitecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

Prepared by SKA

William Morris (London, England 1834 – 1896)

William Morris was an artist,

designer, printer, typographer, bookbinder, craftsman, poet,

writer and champion of socialist ideals. He believes that nature was the perfect example of God's creation.

FOUNDER OF ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT

The Arts and Crafts Movement was a reaction against the poor quality of design during the Industrial Revolution.

The members of the Arts and Crafts Movement believed that the growth of industry had destroyed traditional skills and had removed the pride that a craftsman could find in his

work.

The members of the Arts and Crafts Movement formed themselves into crafts guilds, based on the medieval examples, in order to encourage high standards of design and provide a supportive working environment.

C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAHArchitecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

Prepared by SKATHE ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT

C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAHArchitecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

Prepared by SKA

Arts and Crafts, or Craftsman, houses have many of these features:

•Wood, stone, or stucco siding•Low-pitched roof •Wide eaves with triangular brackets

•Exposed roof rafters•Porch with thick square or round columns

•Stone porch supports•Exterior chimney made with stone•Open floor plans; few hallways

•Numerous windows•Some windows with stained or leaded glass•Beamed ceilings•Dark wood wainscoting and mouldings•Built-in cabinets, shelves, and seating

THE ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT

The red house

C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAHArchitecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

Prepared by SKA

Victor Horta(Belgian architect, 1861 – 1947)

Victor Horta created buildings

which rejected historical styles and marked the beginning of modern architecture. He conceived modern architecture as an abstract principle derived from relations to the environment, rather than on the imitation of forms. Organic forms established by Horta do not meet standard

ideas of modern architecture, but

Horta generated references ideas of many modernist.

THE ART NOUVEAU MOVEMENT

Antonio Gaudi(Spanish architect,1852 – 1926)

Gaudi developed a sensuous,

curving, almost surreal design style which established him as

the innovative leader of the Spanish Art Nouveau movement. With little regard for formal order,

he juxtaposed unrelated systems and altered established visual order. Gaudi's characteristically

warped form of Gothic architecture drew admiration from other avant-garde artists.

Henry Van De Velde(Belgian architect, 1863 – 1957)

Borrowing from his own Flemish background and the English Arts & Crafts movement, Van de Velde developed a highly detailed, style. Using concrete as an expressive element, he created ornamental designs and ornate interiors which directly influenced the Art Nouveau movement.

C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAHArchitecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

Prepared by SKATHE ART NOUVEAU MOVEMENT

C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAHArchitecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

Prepared by SKA

Victor Horta

THE ART NOUVEAU MOVEMENT

Antonio GaudiHenry Van De Velde

Also "Hotel Tassel". Elegant urban house with facade defined around centered, stacked orielbay windows and balcony.

•Casa Batllo•Sagrada Familia

CASA MILA

Expressionistic, fantastic, organic

forms in undulating facade and roof line. light court.

•Museum Horta

TASSEL HOUSE

BLOEMENWERF HOUSE

Van de Velde gave everything in the house, from the door furnishings to the wallpaper, the same patterns of embellishments and flowing linear shapes

C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAHArchitecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

Prepared by SKATHE ART NOUVEAU MOVEMENT

C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAHArchitecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

Prepared by SKATHE ART NOUVEAU MOVEMENT

•Art Nouveau means for “new styles” in French

• styles developed in response to industrial revolution and art and craft movement.

• Well known in French, Belgium and Germany.

Nama panggilan mengikut negara

England – Modern StyleUSA – Tiffany StyleGerman – JugendstilItaly – Stile LibertySpain – Modernisme

Bahan-bahan yang selalu digunakan.- Iron- Stained glasses-The Curing Door Handles (Pemegang pintu yang lentik)- The Vegetal Curve Dynamic beauty of the banister (Susur tangan yang melengkung dan bercorak

tumbuh-tumbuhan)- The Slender Iron Pillars (tiang besi yang ramping)- The coiling patterns of the mosaic floors.

Characteristics of Art Nouveau

C 2329 History of Modern ArchitecturePOLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAHArchitecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering

Prepared by SKA

Louis Henry Sullivan(Boston, 1856 – 1924)

Sullivan's designs generally involved a simple

geometric form decorated with ornamentation based on organic symbolism. As an organizer and formal theorist on aesthetics, he propounded an architecture that exhibited the spirit of the time and needs of the people. Considered one of the most influential forces in the Chicago School, his philosophy that form should always follow function went beyond functional and structural expressions.

He influenced by Hobson Richardson, whom Sullivan was a great admirer.

"Schlesinger-Mayer Store", "Carson, Pirie and Scott Store", Chicago.

Form Follows

Function!

FATHER OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE