History of MedicineHistory of Medicine

Introduction to Health Scienceand Technology

ObjectivesObjectives• Students will be able to identify key

historical events in the science of medicine. • Students will be able to identify similarities

and differences of medicine in history and medicine today.

• Students will find a person in history from a country of their ancestors that contributed to medicine in some way and put it on the time line developed as a class.

Write-Pair-ShareWrite-Pair-Share• Why do we study history?

• What is it about history that helps us today?

• Why is the history of medicine important for us who want to go into the medical field?

18th CenturyR e ne La e nn ec

B e n jam in Fra n k linE d w ard Jen n er

Dark and Middle Ages(4 0 0 -1 4 0 0 A D )

N o M ed ica l S c ie n cefo r 10 0 0 ye a rs

R o be rt K o chW ilhe lm R o e ntg en

F lo ren ce N ig h tin g a le

19th CenturyIg n a s S e m m e lw e iss

L o u is P as te urJo sep h L is te r

The Renaissance(1 4 0 0-1 6 50 A D )

R e b irth o f S cie n ceM e d ica l S ch o o ls

Jo n a s S a lkA lfred S a b in

B a nd in g & B e stD r. Ja rv ik

20th CenturyC la ra B a rton

S ig m u nd Fre udA le xan d er F lem ing

16th and 17th CenturiesL e on a rdo da V in ci

W illia m H a rve yA n to n van Le e uw en ho ek

EgyptiansH e a lth R e co rds

M e d ic in esS p lin te d fra ctu res

Primitive TimesPrimitive Times• Used tribal Witchdoctors to cure

disease

• Trepanning – drilling holes in the head - was often used to help release evil spirits from the sick person.

• Herbs and Plants were used as medicine.

The The EgyptianEgyptian People People

• Earliest people to keep health records

• Identified diseases

The Egyptian PeopleThe Egyptian People

• Used Medicine to heal (Herbs and Plants)

• Splinted fractures

The Greek PeopleThe Greek People• Study causes of disease• Aristotle began

comparative Anatomy

• Alcmaeon – Theorized Brain was the seat of understanding

• Herbs and Plants used for healing

• Hippocrates– The “Father of

Medicine”– Hippocratic Oath

• “Code of Ethics”

Ancient RomansAncient Romans• First to provide

medical care for soldiers during battle

• Early hospitals – usually in the homes of doctors.

• First to create a public health part of government and develop sanitation systems.

• Herbal remedies used

Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)• Study of medicine stopped for over

1000 years.• Medicine practiced in monasteries and

convents.• First medical school opened toward the

end of the middle ages• Rhazes – invented suturing to close

wounds

Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)

• Used herbal medicine

Plagues and Epidemics during the dark agesPlagues and Epidemics during the dark ages

• Bubonic Plague

The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)• Rebirth of Science

– Medical schools– Study of the body by

dissection– Leonardo da Vinci –

Created many inventions and studied and created anatomical drawings.

– Vesalius – Wrote first Anatomy book

The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)• Invention of the Printing Press

made books available to study.

Monks copying books in a Monastery prior to the Renaissance

16th and 17th Century16th and 17th Century• Leonardo da Vinci – continued influence

– Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body.

16th and 17th Century16th and 17th Century• William Harvey

– Pumping heart and circulation.

16th and 17th Century16th and 17th Century

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek– Invented the microscope

17th Century17th Century• Rene Laennec– Invented the stethoscope

More Illness...More Illness...• Smallpox• Tuberculosis• Cholera• Influenza• Diphtheria• Whooping

Cough• Mountain Fever

17th Century17th Century

• Benjamin Franklin…– Invented bifocals

because he had trouble seeing.

– Electricity– Many more

inventions

17th Century17th Century• Edward Jenner

– Vaccination for smallpox

18th Century18th Century• Joseph Lister

– The first doctor to use antiseptic during an operation to prevent infection.

18th Century18th Century• Ignas Semmelweiss

– Cause of childhood fever– Instituted hand washing– Died from a cut he received during an

autopsy.

18th Century18th Century• Louis Pasteur

– Microorganisms cause disease.

18th Century18th Century• Robert Koch

• The ‘Father of Microbiology”

18th Century18th Century• Wilhelm Roentgen

– Discovered x-rays

19th Century19th Century• Florence Nightingale

– First school of nursing– Made nursing an honorable profession

19th Century19th Century• Sigmund Freud

– His studies were the basis of psychology and psychiatry

19th Century19th Century• Clara Barton

– Established the American Red Cross

20th Century20th Century• Alexander Fleming

– Discovered Penicillin

20th Century20th Century• Jonas Salk

– Discovered a ‘killed’ polio virus vaccine

Other DiscoveriesOther Discoveries

• Alfred Sabin– Live polio vaccine

• Dr. Jarvik– Artificial heart

• Dr. Divecci– First Heart Transplant

• Europe in 20th Century– First ‘test tube’ baby

Other Discoveries..Other Discoveries..• First EKG Machine

Not the end…only the beginning!Not the end…only the beginning!

• You are the future!