History of Hypnotherapy Presentation
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Transcript of History of Hypnotherapy Presentation
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8/21/2019 History of Hypnotherapy Presentation
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HISTORY OF HYPNOTHERAPYDISCOVERING THE SUBCONSCIOUS MIND
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HISTORY OF HYPNOTHERAPY
3000BC – ancient Egyptians
Ancient Greeks
Indian Sanskrits
Hindu fakirs
Celtic druids
African witch doctors
Jesus’s miracles?
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HISTORY OF HYPNOTHERAPY
1500 Paracelsus
Swiss doctor discovered mercury as cure for syphilis
Passed magnets over patient to effect cure
1600 Valentine Greatrakes
The ‘ great Irish Stroker ’ – again stroked magnets to
cure
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HISTORY OF HYPNOTHERAPY
1725 Maximilian Hehl
Jesuit priest – using magnets to heal
Mesmer was his student
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HISTORY OF HYPNOTHERAPY
(1734-1815 )FranzAnton Mesmer
Father of hypnosis
Found could stop
bleeding with a stickand thereforepostulated ‘ animal
magnetism’
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HISTORY OF HYPNOTHERAPY
Franz Anton Mesmer(contd)
‘De Planatorium influxu’ – magnetic fields pervade
nature Cured patient of paralysis and temporary blindness
Cured Maria Theresa Paradies – protégé of empressof blindness. Angering parents
Moved from Vienna to Paris
Mozart was a fan
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HISTORY OF HYPNOTHERAPY
Franz AntonMesmer(cont)
Developed the ‘baquet’
Asked Louis XVI for a
board of enquiry in 1784
Benjamin Franklin,
Guillotine, Lavoisier
Found all due to the
imagination !
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HISTORY OF HYPNOTHERAPY
1727-1779 FatherGassner
Contempory ofMesmer
Suggestion as faithhealing
1787 Marquis dePuysegur
Student of Mesmer
Magnetised elm trees
Somnambulism
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HISTORY OF HYPNOTHERAPY
1815 Abbe Jose Castodi de Faria
Fixed gaze method first to coin word
‘sleep’
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HISTORY OF HYPNOTHERAPY
1791 John Elliotson Professor at University
London
Became interested viaa student of Faria
1837 Surgery underhypnosis – angeredother doctors as pain ‘needed for healing’
Expelled fromuniversity hospital
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HISTORY OF HYPNOTHERAPY
1795 – 1860 James Braid
Scottish surgeon coinedterm ‘ hypnosis’
Developed suggestionsmethod
Saw Mesmer and waseventually convinced
Changed term to ‘monoidiesm’
‘Nervous sleep’ actingon subject whosesuggestibility is
increased’
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HISTORY OF HYPNOTHERAPY
1808-1859 James Esdaile
Scottish doctor
Reports in 1846 300 major
operations
Reduced post op mortality
from 505%
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HISTORY OF HYPNOTHERAPY
1864 Nancy school of Hypnosis
Liebeault – ‘ de la suggestion’
Bernheim
Freud studied here
Initially enthusiastic – eventually discountedhypnosis
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HISTORY OF HYPNOTHERAPY
1878 Charcot – school of Saltpierre
Pathological theory
Stages of hypnosis
Lethargy
Catalepsy
Somnambulism
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HISTORY OF HYPNOTHERAPY
Dave Elman 1950’s
Stage Hypnotist Studied Hypnosis for
years
Taught doctors
exclusively Quick inductions
Deepening techniques
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HISTORY OF HYPNOTHERAPY
1929-1980 Milton Erickson
Indirect approach
Metaphor
Utilization
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THEORIES OF TRANCE
Suggestion Theory
Bernheim 1886 – suggestions bypass concious mind
Modified Sleep
Abbe Faria – a type of sleep BUT thought wouldalways amnesia
Pathological Theory Charcot – BUT 90% hypnotisable NOT equivalent to
hysteria
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THEORIES OF TRANCE
Dissociation Janet ‘ splitting of consciousness into two’ BUT not
always amnesia – can remove amnesia bysuggestion
Neo Dissociation Some cognition continuous throughout
Psychoanlanalytic Freud – libidinal gratification
Ferenczi – parent/child BUT mirrors metronomes mayhypnotise
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THEORIES OF TRANCE
Conditioned response
Pavlov to word ‘ sleep’ BUT not sleep, metronomes,
quick awakening
Role Playing
R White – goal directed striving
Atavistic Regression Ainslie Meares to a primitive level – primitive man
accepted ideas by suggestion
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THEORIES OF TRANCE
Neurophysiological
Barry Wyke – voice blocks other sensory input [like
gate theory]
Hemispheric Specificity
L verbal/voluntary/language speech
R nonverbal/emotional/submissive/artmusic/imagination
Meszaros – induction L brain R brain