History of Guiding-Australia

8/19/2019 History of Guiding-Australia

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History of Guiding

‘Girl Guides have a unique distinction in that they founded themselves’ –Robert

Baden-Powell.

At the frst Boy Scout Rally held in London in 199 Robert Baden-Powell! the "ounder

o" the Boy Scouts! was sur#rised by a nu$ber o" %irls who insisted they wanted to

be &irl Scouts. 'e a%reed that so$ethin% was needed "or the %irls and in 191 the

&irl &uides Association was "or$ed.

(ro$ as early as 199 %irls in Australia were "or$in% %uidin% %rou#s and by 19)

&irl &uide Associations had been "or$ed in si* states. +n 19), the State

Associations "ederated and "or$ed a national or%anisation.

er a $illion Australian wo$en hae been or are still &irl &uides.

Robert Baden Powell (irst &uides lae Baden Powell


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The Guide Promise

Every Girl and adult that is a member of Guiding throughout the world makes a Promise. The words may be slightly

different from country to country but the spirit and meaning of the words are the same wherever Guiding exists. The

Australian Promise is:

I promise that I will do my best

To be true to myself and develop my beliefs

To serve my community and Australia

And live by the Guide Law

The Guide Law

Guides also abide by a set of laws that provide a framework and philosophy for living. The Australian Guide aw is:

As a Guide I will strive to:

• Respect myself and others

• Be considerate, honest and trustworthy

• Be friendly to others

• Mae choices for a better world

• !se my time and abilities wisely

•

Be thou"htful and optimistic

• Live with coura"e and stren"th

Girl Guides:

Brownies – /nder 11

&uides- 11 to 1,

Ran%ers- oer 1,

&uiders 10 to 01 leaders2


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Biscuits are available in three flavours: plain, chocolate and choc mini.


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Australia & Australians

Australia: The Facts

Geograph

Australia is the largest

!sland country in the world" surrounded by the Pacific" !ndian #ceans in the $outhern %emisphere.

!n land area" Australia is the sixth largest nation after &ussia" 'anada" 'hina" the (nited $tates of America and

)ra*il. !t has" however" a relatively small population.

Australia is the only nation to govern an entire continent and its outlying islands. The mainland is the largest island

and the smallest" flattest continent on Earth. !t lies between +,- and /- $outh latitude.

The highest point on the mainland" 0ount 1oscius*ko" is only 2223 metres. Apart from Antarctica" Australia is the

driest continent.

Australia is the driest inhabited continent on earth. !ts interior has one of the lowest rainfalls in the world and about

three45uarters of the land is arid or semi4arid. !ts fertile areas are well4watered" however" and these are used very

effectively to help feed the world. $heep and cattle gra*e in dry country" but care must be taken with the soil. $ome

gra*ing land became desert when the long cycles that influence rainfall in Australia turned to drought.


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The Australian

federation consists of six $tates and two Territories. 0ost inland borders follow lines of longitude and latitude. The

largest $tate" 6estern Australia" is about the same si*e as 6estern Europe.

Australia is an independent 6estern democracy with a population of more than 2, million. !t is one of the world7s

most urbanised countries" with about 8, per cent of the population living in the +, largest cities. 0ost of the

population is concentrated along the eastern seaboard and the south4eastern corner of the continent.

Australia7s lifestyle reflects its mainly 6estern origins" but Australia is also a multicultural society which has beenenriched by over six million settlers from almost 2,, nations. 9our out of ten Australians are migrants or the first4

generation children of migrants" half of them from non4English speaking backgrounds.

Aboriginal and Torres $trait !slander people totalled +, ,, at the last census" nearly 2.2 per cent of the population.

Two thirds of the indigenous people live in towns and cities. 0any others live in rural and remote areas" and some still

have a broadly traditional way of life. !t is generally thought that Aboriginal people began living on the continent ;,

,,, to


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red and green kangaroo paw. The continent has 8,, species of acacia" which Australians call wattle" and +2,,

species in the 0yrtaceae family which includes eucalypts or gum trees.

Australia!s national anthem, Advance Australia 9air" is a revised version of a late +/th4century patriotic song. !t was

declared the national anthem in April +/3" replacing God $ave the ?ueen" which was designated the royal anthem.

!n the same year" Australia officially adopted green and gold as its national colours.

Australia!s official language is English" by common usage rather than law. Australian English does not differ

significantly from other forms of English" although some collo5uial and slang expressions are uni5ue.

The flag of Australia is the only one to fly over a whole continent. The small (nion @ack represents the historical link

with )ritain" the large seven4pointed star represents the six $tates and the Territories" and the small stars form the

$outhern 'ross 4 a prominent feature of the southern hemisphere night sky.

Australia!s coat of arms 4 the official emblem of the Australian Government 4 was granted by 1ing George in

+/+2. The arms consist of a shield containing the badges of the six $tates. The supporters are native Australian

fauna B a kangaroo and an emu. A yellow4flowered native plant" wattle" also appears in the design.

Australia!s national da" Australia Cay" on 2< @anuary" marks the date in +833 when 'aptain Arthur Phillip" of the

)ritish &oyal Davy" commanding a fleet of ++ ships" sailed into Port @ackson =$ydney 'ove>. Phillip formally took

possession of the eastern part of the continent for England and established a settlement" now Australia7s largest city"

$ydney.


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Air travel and the great variety of Australia7s attractions are combining to bring more international tourists to Australia

every year. #verseas tourists are drawn by Australia7s sunshine" sandy beaches" the vast outback" rainforests" the

Great )arrier &eef" uni5ue flora and fauna" the Gold 'oast of ?ueensland" and the attractions of the cities" Australia7s

friendly" multicultural society" and the safe and welcoming environment. Tourism is one of Australia7s largest and

fastest4growing industries. !n 2,,2" .3 million international tourists visited Australia" a 5uarter of them from @apan

and another 5uarter from other countries of East Asia.

!n 2,,," Australian exports grew by 2; per cent to reach a total value of + billion" representing the best export

growth Australia had experienced for 2+ years. This figure increased again in 2,,, 4 ,+" to +; billion. !n 2,,+ 4 ,2"

the total value of Australian exports dropped by one per cent" reflecting a more difficult global trading environment.

AustraliaFs export structures have changed considerably over the past +, years.

Although trade in commodities remains strong" new services and sophisticated manufacturing export markets have

emerged. 0erchandise exports were valued at +2+ billion in 2,,+ 4 ,2. Curing the same year" Australian exports of

services totalled + billion. Exports have recorded 3 per cent average annual growth since +//+ 4 /2. They now

account for 2+ per cent of GCP" compared with around +8 per cent in +//+ 4 /2.

@apan remains AustraliaFs largest single export market" buying +/ per cent of total merchandise exports in 2,,+ 4 ,2.

The (nited $tates accounts for +, per cent" 1orea 3 per cent and Dew ealand < per cent. 'hina" $ingapore"

Taiwan" the (nited 1ingdom" %ong 1ong and !ndonesia were also significant export markets. =0erchandise exports

to East Asia grew by ; per cent in 2,,, and to the 0iddle East by 3 per cent in the same year. Growth was small in

2,,+ 4 ,2: to East Asia almost *ero" and to the 0iddle East up Hust one per cent>.

Flora and fauna

Australia is a land like no other" with about one million different native species. 0ore

than 3, per cent of the country7s flowering plants" mammals" reptiles and frogs are uni5ue to Australia" along with

most of its freshwater fish and almost half of its birds.

Australia7s marine environment is home to ,,, fish species" +8,, coral species" ;, types of marine mammal and a

wide range of seabirds. 0ost marine species found in southern Australian waters occur nowhere else.


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Australia7s geographic isolation has meant that much of its flora and fauna is very different from species in other parts

of the world. 0ost are found nowhere else. %owever" some closely related species are found on the continents which

once made up the ancient southern supercontinent Gondwana.

'overed in rainforest and ferns ,, million years ago" Gondwana included $outh America" Africa" !ndia and

Antarctica. 0ost of Australia7s flora and fauna have their origins in Gondwana" which broke up about +, million years

ago.

Australia separated from Antarctica ;, million years ago. As it drifted away from the southern polar region" its climate

became warmer and drier and new species of plants and animals evolved and came to dominate the landscape.

!n +//" the 6ollemi Pine was found in a remote valley in the )lue 0ountains of Dew $outh 6ales. !t is believed to

be representative of a now extinct group of trees that existed at the time of the dinosaurs" making it a species that

has been around for


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Estimates of Australia7s kangaroo population vary between , and


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Australia is also home to the world7s largest coral reef system" the (DE$'# 6orld %eritage4

listed Great )arrier &eef. 0arine species of note include the predatory great white

shark" which grows up to six metres in lengthK the giant filter4feeding whale shark" which can reach lengths of +2

metresK the bluebottle or Portuguese man4of4war" which is a common ha*ard at many Australian beachesK and the

box Hellyfish" which is one of the most venomous animals in the world.

"nvironmental challenges

The arrival of Europeans has had a significant impact on Australia7s flora and fauna.

There are at least +3 introduced mammals with established feral populations in Australia. 'ats and foxes are

responsible for the decline and extinction of several native animals. The feral rabbit population has degraded some

areas of Australian farmland" and their rapid spread led to the construction of three rabbit4proof fences spanning

some 2;< kilometres in 6estern Australia between +/,+ and +/,8. !ntroduced plants have also caused substantialdamage to native vegetation and habitats.

'limate change poses a particular threat to specific areas" such as Australia7s alpine regions" the Great )arrier &eef"

tropical rainforests" some species of Eucalyptus" and coastal mangrove and wetland systems like 1akadu in the

Dorthern Territory.


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#e facts

• Australia has around +, per cent of the world7s biodiversity.

• #f the estimated 2, ,,, species of vascular plants found in Australia" +< ,,, are found

nowhere else in the world.

• #f the 83 species of mammals in Australia" more than 3, per cent are uni5ue to Australia.

• #f the 3

History of Guiding-Australia

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