A History of Faking ItA History of Faking It

21860: President Abraham Lincoln is composite of Lincoln's head and the Southern politician

John Calhoun's body.

Photographic ManipulationsPhotographic Manipulations

Theodore Roosevelt rides a Moose 1912?Theodore Roosevelt rides a Moose 1912?

Elsie Wright in 1917, shows Elsie Wright in 1917, shows Frances Griffiths with alleged Frances Griffiths with alleged fairies.fairies.

Cottingley FairiesCottingley Fairies

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Ethical PerspectiveEthical Perspective: : ManipulationsManipulations

1930: Stalin routinely air-brushed enemies out of photographs.

A commissar was removed after falling out of favour with Stalin.

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1970: Kent State

A fence post was removed in the published version.

ManipulationsManipulations

John Paul Filo photo

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ManipulationsManipulations

February 1982:

The pyramids were moved closer together to

accommodate this vertical National Geographic cover.

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ManipulationsManipulations

1989: TV Guide displayed this picture of Oprah Winfrey

Winfrey’s head on body of Ann-Margaret

Created without permission of Winfrey or Ann-Margret

91994 OJ’s Darkened Face But Words Manipulate Too

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ManipulationsManipulations

In 2000 the University of Wisconsin wanted to show they had a diverse student body so they inserted the head of a black student from 1994 into a football game

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Manipulations: Iraq War Photo 2003Manipulations: Iraq War Photo 2003

Brian Walski of the LA Times was Fired for submitting a composite of two images

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2004 Negative campaign based on manipulation to show presidential candidate Kerry and Jane Fonda together

A slimmed down Katie Couric 2006 before taking anchor job at CBS

Manipulations

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Photographer Allan Detrich resigned in 2007 from The Toledo Blade after many of his photos were found to be manipulated. Here the ball was added to add drama

2009 Same Model : Different Photoshopping

Photo CC by Tsahi Levant-Levi

Is Seeing Believing?