History of Design

Drawing

A means for communication Design is used to relay a visual

concept

Safety Proportion Line Quality Color

Texture EfficiencyShape Durability

Tolerance Functionality

Maintenance Consideration

Elements

Change

Technology has made advances in fabricating and design techniques that are clearly seen looking back through history

Before the Industrial Revolution

Cave men Scratched symbols

and scenes on cave walls providing us with a record of life and skills known during the Stone Age

The Oudea fortress The first known floor

plan of buildings to be constructed in an orderly fashion

Objects were handmade one at a time

Early Drafting Tools

Fabricating Techniques 4000 BC-1800 AD

Hammering, Stamping, Casting

Soldering, Riveting, Forge Welding,

and Gluing

Joining Processes

Forming Processes

Example of an early cast piece

Industrial Revolution

Parts were made in batches (1850) Mass production (1900)

Need for interchanging parts Measuring tools were developed Profits Efficient use of time and materials Replacement parts were desired

Fabricating Techniques 1800AD-1900AD

Electroplating, Steel Rolling

Shaping, Milling

Forming Processes

Tools

Example of milling

Fabricating Techniques 1900AD-1920AD

Tube Rolling, Hot Extrusion

Geared Lathes, Hobbing,

High Speed, and Carbide Tools

Forming Processes

Tools

Example of a geared lathe

Fabricating Techniques 1920AD-1970AD

Powdered Metals, Electroforming,

and Explosive Forming

Numerical Control,Electrical and Chemical Machining,

and Synthetic Diamond

Forming Processes

Tools

Example of a CNC part

Fabricating Techniques 1970AD-2000AD

Plastic Forming, Computer-Aided Design and

Manufacturing, and Rapid Prototyping

Coated Tools, Water Jet Machines, Electrical Discharge,

Industrial Robots, ProgrammableLogic Controls, and

Unattended Factories

Forming Processes

Tools

Example of

Stereolithography

Current Drafting and Design Tools

Manufacturing Techniques

Period Forming Processes Tools

4000BC-1800AD Hammering, Stamping, Casting Chisels, Saws, Files, Lathes,Rolling and Extruding Drill Press, Sandpaper

1800AD-1900AD Electroplating, Steel Rolling Shaping, Milling

1900AD-1920AD Tube Rolling, Hot Extrusion Geared Lathes, Hobbing, High Speed, and Carbide Tools

1920AD-1970AD Powdered Metals, Electroforming, Electrical and Chemical Machining,and Explosive Forming Numerical Control, and Synthetic Diamond

1970AD-2000AD Plastic Forming, Computer-Aided Coated Tools, Water Jet Machines,Design and Manufacturing, and Electrical Discharge, Indusrtial Robots,Rapid ProtoTyping Programable Logic Controls, and

Unattended Factories

Sources

• http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient

• Project Lead the Way History of Design PowerPoint slideshow– www.pltw.org