History of Design 1/30/2006 Group 1 Nolan Tarkington Casey Candelaria Matthew Burmester Daniel...

History of DesignHistory of Design1/30/20061/30/2006

Group 1Group 1

Nolan TarkingtonNolan Tarkington

Casey CandelariaCasey Candelaria

Matthew BurmesterMatthew Burmester

Daniel BridgersDaniel Bridgers

Topics to be CoveredTopics to be Covered

Product Design and ManufactureProduct Design and Manufacture: : Chapter 1Chapter 1– History of DesignHistory of Design

ProcessProcess

EvolutionEvolution

– Examples of different styles of designExamples of different styles of design

Styles of DesignStyles of Design

PrimitivePrimitive

EgyptEgypt

GreeceGreece

RomeRome

VikingsVikings

GothicGothic

RenaissanceRenaissance

1818thth Century Century

ColonialColonial


Arts and CraftsArts and Crafts

Art NouveauArt Nouveau

De StijlDe Stijl

BauhausBauhaus

Modern DesignModern Design

The PrimitiveThe Primitive

First records of First records of human design and human design and innovation.innovation.

Designs used to carry Designs used to carry out everyday activities out everyday activities and to better life.and to better life.

Used simple materials Used simple materials such as wood, stone, such as wood, stone, and bone.and bone.

Arrowhead – Fashioned from stone or other hard material. Used for hunting.

Egyptians (ca. 4000 – 300 Egyptians (ca. 4000 – 300 B.C.)B.C.)

Influenced later Influenced later civilizations’ designs.civilizations’ designs.

New construction New construction techniques such as techniques such as the dovetail and the dovetail and dowel.dowel.

Innovation on tools Innovation on tools such as the bow lathe such as the bow lathe and bow drill.and bow drill.

Pyramids at Giza – Ancient burial structures for Egyptian kings. They have a unique design on their structure as well as their construction.

Greece (ca. 450 – 404B.C.)Greece (ca. 450 – 404B.C.)

Influenced Influenced architecture and architecture and design of buildings.design of buildings.

Expanded concepts Expanded concepts of Math and Science.of Math and Science.

Bronze was Bronze was incorporated into the incorporated into the materials for design materials for design and manufacture.and manufacture.

The Acropolis – Many temples built in one area in Ancient Greece. Many of them considered architectural masterpieces of the time.

Rome (ca. 600 B.C. – 400 Rome (ca. 600 B.C. – 400 A.D.)A.D.)

Influenced by the Influenced by the Greeks with their own Greeks with their own added touches.added touches.

Roman motifs in Roman motifs in design later design later influenced rigid influenced rigid Gothic design.Gothic design.

The Coliseum – Built in 80 A.D. as an entertainment center for Rome, it has been restored for future generations as an architectural masterpiece.

Vikings (800 – 1000 A.D.)Vikings (800 – 1000 A.D.)

Designs were often Designs were often needed to adapt to needed to adapt to surroundings and surroundings and environment.environment.

Designs very different Designs very different to Greek and Roman to Greek and Roman designs.designs.

Viking Ship - Very important to travel and communication. Offered evidence of the Vikings’ ability to design both technically and artistically.

Gothic (1100-1500)Gothic (1100-1500)

Church played Church played dominant roledominant role– Typically Discouraged Typically Discouraged

IndividualismIndividualism

Centered in FranceCentered in FranceVariety of pointed Variety of pointed archesarchesDesign was focused Design was focused verticallyvertically Gothic Church

Very tall and narrow (vertical)Many pointed arches

Renaissance (1400 – 1700)Renaissance (1400 – 1700)

Marked transition from Marked transition from medieval to modernmedieval to modernBegan in ItalyBegan in ItalyUsed large amounts of Used large amounts of Greek and Roman CarvingsGreek and Roman CarvingsRejection of Gothic styleRejection of Gothic style– Went away from vertical Went away from vertical

designdesign

Artists worked on Artists worked on everything from furniture to everything from furniture to armorarmor Renaissance

Style ChairWooden carvings

Baroque StyleBaroque Style

Occurred within Occurred within RenaissanceRenaissance

Period of greater Period of greater artistic freedomartistic freedom

Formal and Stately Formal and Stately

Baroque Style DoorIncreased decoration


Golden Age of FurnitureGolden Age of FurnitureGeorgian GroupGeorgian Group– Chippendale Chippendale carvings, occasional sacrifice of comfortcarvings, occasional sacrifice of comfort

for stylefor style

– Hepplewhite Hepplewhite known for oval and shield backs on chairsknown for oval and shield backs on chairs

– Sheraton Sheraton known for many straight perpendicular linesknown for many straight perpendicular lines

Provincial StyleProvincial Style– Mostly FrenchMostly French– Known for absence of intricate detailKnown for absence of intricate detail

1818thth Century Examples Century Examples

Chippendale StyleCarved decorations

Appearance over comfort

Hepplewhite StyleCommon use of shield

shaped back

More 18More 18thth Century Examples Century Examples

Sheraton StyleStraight perpendicular lines

Provincial StyleNo intricate decoration

ColonialColonial

Early colonists carried Early colonists carried European building styles and European building styles and techniques to America.techniques to America.

Early colonial design has no Early colonial design has no definitive style because of the definitive style because of the melding of so many cultures.melding of so many cultures.

Over time Colonial style Over time Colonial style emerged out of restrictions in emerged out of restrictions in materials and time. It was materials and time. It was practical, sturdy, yet seldom practical, sturdy, yet seldom unattractiveunattractive

“salt box” style house inspired by Flemish design

“cape cod” style house inspired by English design

Windsor style chair Shaker style chair


Age of the industrial revolutionAge of the industrial revolution

More people have more money and time which allow them to be More people have more money and time which allow them to be concerned with fashion and design.concerned with fashion and design.

Mass production of furniture begins.Mass production of furniture begins.

Manufactures began to go “wild” with extravagant ornamentation Manufactures began to go “wild” with extravagant ornamentation and as time moved on designers began to grow dissatisfied with the and as time moved on designers began to grow dissatisfied with the absurdity of the current styles.absurdity of the current styles.

Chair by DuncanPhyfe, one of Americas 1st greatFurniture designers.

Contemporary DesignContemporary Design

Came as a reaction to the Came as a reaction to the opulence of 19opulence of 19thth century century design.design.

Products designed from a Products designed from a standpoint of function, standpoint of function, materials, and appearance.materials, and appearance.

Four contemporary Four contemporary movements that shaped movements that shaped modern design:modern design:– Arts and CraftsArts and Crafts

– Art NouveauArt Nouveau

– De StijlDe Stijl

– BauhausBauhaus Arts and Crafts style chair

Example of Art Nouveau design.

De Stijl design

Signature Bauhaus design piece


Reaction to low quality, Reaction to low quality, machine made items.machine made items.

Begun by the Morris, Marshall, Begun by the Morris, Marshall, Faulkner and Company, Fine Faulkner and Company, Fine Art Workmen in Painting, Art Workmen in Painting, Carving, Furniture and Metals Carving, Furniture and Metals who stressed workmanship who stressed workmanship and hand crafting.and hand crafting.

Failed to force a total return to Failed to force a total return to hand made, but had far hand made, but had far reaching effects. reaching effects.

Examples of Mission Style design

Art Nouveau (New Art)Art Nouveau (New Art)

Starting in the turn of the 20Starting in the turn of the 20 thth century Art century Art Nouveau was the first conscious attempt to Nouveau was the first conscious attempt to develop a non-historical style of art and develop a non-historical style of art and architecture.architecture.Considered the “anti-movement” of historical Considered the “anti-movement” of historical style, Art Nouveau flourished in France and style, Art Nouveau flourished in France and Belgium but never succeeded as a permanent Belgium but never succeeded as a permanent style in design.style in design.Designers Associated with the movement Designers Associated with the movement – Gaillard, Van de Velde, Guimard, Mackintosh and Gaillard, Van de Velde, Guimard, Mackintosh and

Tiffany.Tiffany.

Examples of Art NouveauExamples of Art Nouveau

Furniture by Eugene Gaillard


Chairs by Van de Velde on left and

Mackintosh on right


Example of a Peacock Vase by Tiffany

De Stijl (The Style)De Stijl (The Style)Starting in Holland Starting in Holland during the First World during the First World War there were three War there were three distinct principals distinct principals associated with De Stijl:associated with De Stijl:– Form Form Rectangle was Rectangle was

predominantpredominant– Composition Composition Occult or Occult or

asymmetric balanceasymmetric balance– Color Color The colors red blue and The colors red blue and

yellow were most commonyellow were most common

Painting by Van der Leck

De Stijl (The Style)De Stijl (The Style)Starting in Holland Starting in Holland during the First World during the First World War there were three War there were three distinct principals distinct principals associated with De Stijl:associated with De Stijl:– Form Form Rectangle was Rectangle was

predominantpredominant– Composition Composition Occult or Occult or

asymmetric balanceasymmetric balance– Color Color The colors red, blue and The colors red, blue and

yellow were most commonyellow were most common

Building designed by J. J. P. Oud

Bauhaus (Building House)Bauhaus (Building House)

Bauhaus was an organization founded in Germany in Bauhaus was an organization founded in Germany in 1919 by Walter Gropius. The organization was a 1919 by Walter Gropius. The organization was a

school with the intention of creating forms symbolizing school with the intention of creating forms symbolizing the Machine Age that would unify art and technology.the Machine Age that would unify art and technology.

The Bauhaus ProgramThe Bauhaus Program

Bauhaus existed from 1919 to 1933 and students were Bauhaus existed from 1919 to 1933 and students were taught the basics of form theory all the way up to taught the basics of form theory all the way up to

building and design experience with courses ranging building and design experience with courses ranging in duration from 6 months to over 3 years.in duration from 6 months to over 3 years.

Modern DesignModern DesignThere is a general set of accepted guideline principals for There is a general set of accepted guideline principals for modern design:modern design:

1.1. Production materials should be used honestly, taking full advantage of Production materials should be used honestly, taking full advantage of their unique attributes and never making them seem to what they are their unique attributes and never making them seem to what they are not.not.

2.2. Products should be functional, useful and expressive of their intended Products should be functional, useful and expressive of their intended purposes.purposes.

3.3. Products should incorporate the latest advances in material science, Products should incorporate the latest advances in material science, computer applications and process technology, and extract the most computer applications and process technology, and extract the most from those that are traditional and familiar.from those that are traditional and familiar.

4.4. Products should be derived from new combinations of form, color and Products should be derived from new combinations of form, color and texture to enhance both their functions and appearances.texture to enhance both their functions and appearances.

5.5. Products should be expressions of the prevailing aesthetic of our age.Products should be expressions of the prevailing aesthetic of our age.6.6. Products should express the techniques used to make them, not Products should express the techniques used to make them, not

disguising machine production as simulated handcrafting or disguising machine production as simulated handcrafting or camouflaging integral elements such as fasteners.camouflaging integral elements such as fasteners.

7.7. Products should be devoid of unnecessary or extraneous decoration Products should be devoid of unnecessary or extraneous decoration or embellishment.or embellishment.

ReviewReview

PrimitivePrimitive

EgyptianEgyptian

GrecianGrecian

RomanRoman

VikingsVikings

GothicGothic

RenaissanceRenaissance


ColonialColonial



Art NouveauArt Nouveau

De StijlDe Stijl

BauhausBauhaus


ReferencesReferencesProduct Design and Manufacture by John R. Lindbeck. Prentice-Hall, 1995http://www.latribunedelart.com/Expositions_2004/Gaillard_-_Chambre.JPGhttp://www.qdesign.co.nz/designhist_artnou.htmlhttp://perso.wanadoo.fr/artnouveau/en/nature.htmhttp://www.holland.com/us/whatson/events/mondrian.htmlhttp://jwilson.coe.uga.edu/EMT668/EMAT6680.2000/Umberger/MATH7210/SymmArch/Translational/Translational.htmlhttp://www.zakros.com/mica/emacF03/Bauhaus.jpeghttp://www.mworx.at/photo/architect.htmhttp://www.kmtspace.com/kmt/bauhaus2.htmhttp://www.importedfurnishings.com/http://www.moderncollections.com/index.aspwww.stokely.org/200206-germany/page7.htmlmijnposter.nl/thumbs/trefwoord.htmlhttp://www.brights-interiors.com/Media/ShieldbackChairs.jpg

References (cont.)References (cont.)http://www.rpi.edu/~turcoj/Timeline/Art%20History/http://www.rpi.edu/~turcoj/Timeline/Art%20History/http://naturecoast.com/hobby/bil518.htmhttp://naturecoast.com/hobby/bil518.htmhttp://www.gafurniturereproductions.com/inventory/WVCZ40.htm http://rencodesign.com/html/chairs_exec.html http://www.chipstone.org/publications/1994AF/http://www.chipstone.org/publications/1994AF/Hechscher94/1994HP22.htmlHechscher94/1994HP22.htmlhttp://www.culture.gr/2/21/211/21101/00/lk01a105.jpghttp://www.culture.gr/2/21/211/21101/00/lk01a105.jpghttp://www.fossilmall.com/assets.arrowhead.jpghttp://www.fossilmall.com/assets.arrowhead.jpghttp://www.fuhsd.net/schools/fhs/teachers/lzastrow/images/ancienthttp://www.fuhsd.net/schools/fhs/teachers/lzastrow/images/ancient%20rome/rome%20colosseum.jpg%20rome/rome%20colosseum.jpghttp://www.b4ubuild.com/photos/misc/houses_019.html http://www.b4ubuild.com/photos/misc/houses_019.html http://www.amherstmuseum.org/saltbox.htm http://www.amherstmuseum.org/saltbox.htm http://www.artisticlicense.org/members/zito/12.html http://www.artisticlicense.org/members/zito/12.html http://www.harveyclar.com/archive/year_2005/july2005/http://www.harveyclar.com/archive/year_2005/july2005/na_furniture_a.htmlna_furniture_a.htmlhttp://char.txa.cornell.edu/art/decart/destijl/decstijl.htm http://char.txa.cornell.edu/art/decart/destijl/decstijl.htm http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phla/hd_phla.htm http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phla/hd_phla.htm http://www.pegrack.com/catalog.php?item=129&ret=index.php http://www.pegrack.com/catalog.php?item=129&ret=index.php

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