History of darfur
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Transcript of History of darfur
Darfur is located in Sudan
Represents frontier between the Arab world and black
AfricaFor 10 years, Sudan has hardly seen peace – regularly
dealing with crises
Two distinct major cultures:
– Arab
– Black African
•hundreds of ethnic and tribal subdivisions and language groups
•make effective collaboration a major political challenge
Sudan’s population is one of the most diverse on the
African continent.
Fundamentalist Islamic law was instituted by Major General Gaafar Mohamed Nimeiri
in 1983
Sudan proclaimed independence in 1956 from
Egypt and BritainSeries of unstable parliamentary governments established
Influenced by the National Islamic Front and southern rebels, and supported by the Sudan People’s Liberation Army, unending civil war
erupted between government forces.
Language Religion
Political PowerEthnicity
A famine in the mid-1980s disrupted many societal
structures
Led to first significant fighting among people in
Darfur
Low level conflict continued for 15
years
Government survived and armed "Arab" militias against its
enemies
The arid, mountainous soil is central to the
conflict between African farmers and
Arab herdersThere is an eternal fight for water, food,
and shelterBelow-normal rainfall and massive numbers of displaced people have led to water
shortages in refugee camps
A secret group called “Tajamu al Arabi” (Arab Gathering) emerged in the
Darfur region in the 1980s.
This group created tensions between Muslims and Non-Arab Africans with violent attacks
against the Non-Arab Africans.
The mentality behind the conflict stems from the 1960s and 1970s. The
ideology of Arab supremacies grows in
northern Africa.
In 2003, the Non-Arab Africans
combined forces to protect
themselves against the
militia groups.
The Sudanese government became
involved in the 1990s, funding
militia groups who were carrying out
the attacks.
• Capital: Khartoum
• President: General Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir
• Industries: Oil, Textiles, Cement, Sugar
• Natural Resources: Oil, Iron Ore, Copper, Zinc
• Per Capita GDP: 1,900
• Ethnic Groups: Black 52%, Arab 39%
• Capital: Washington D.C.
• President: George W. Bush
• Industries: Oil, Steel, Chemicals, Aerospace, Food Process
• Natural Resources: Coal, Copper, Lead, Gold, Iron, and Nickel
• Per Capita GDP: 40,100
• Ethnic Groups: White 75.1%, Black 12.3%, Hispanic 12.5%, Asian 3.6%
• TV Sets: 173/1000
• Newspaper: 27/1000
• Internet: 300,000
• Life Expectancy: 57.3 male, 59.8 female
• Infant Mortality: 62.5/1000
• Education: mandatory ages 6-13
• Literacy: 61.1%
• TV Sets: 844/1000
• Newspaper: 212/1000
• Internet: 161.6 million users
• Life Expectancy: 74.9 male, 80.7 female
• Infant Mortality: 6.5/1000
• Education: mandatory 6-17
• Literacy: 97%
The Janjaweed, a rebel militia group, contribute to much of the violence in
Sudan, which has created over 2.5 million refugees
The Janjaweed, a rebel militia group, contribute to much of the violence in
Sudan, which has created over 2.5 million refugees
Mostly members of nomadic “Arab” tribes, long at odds with
settled “African” farmers in Darfur
Mostly members of nomadic “Arab” tribes, long at odds with
settled “African” farmers in Darfur
Target non-Islamic SudaneseTarget non-Islamic Sudanese
“The refugees are going to
have to move. There’s going to be nothing
here to sustain life.”
“The refugees are going to
have to move. There’s going to be nothing
here to sustain life.”
- Palouma Ponlibae
- Palouma PonlibaeAgriculture and Natural-
Resources Officer for CARE Agriculture and Natural-
Resources Officer for CARE
Before crisis