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History of History of CommunicationCommunication

Presented ByPresented By

Ameya Bhagat

Virendra Patidar

Nitin Patial

Tushar Nawale

Kshitish Bhattji

Key FactorsKey Factors

The History of Communication dates back to The History of Communication dates back to the earliest signs of lifethe earliest signs of life

Human communication was revolutionized with Human communication was revolutionized with speech about 200,000 years agospeech about 200,000 years ago

Symbols were developed about 30,000 years Symbols were developed about 30,000 years ago, and writing about 7,000ago, and writing about 7,000

There have been major developments in the There have been major developments in the methods & instruments of communication over methods & instruments of communication over the past centuriesthe past centuries

Advantages of SpeechAdvantages of Speech

Evolution of the brain differentiated humans Evolution of the brain differentiated humans from animals. it allowed humans to master a from animals. it allowed humans to master a very efficient form of communication – speech, very efficient form of communication – speech, which was first used by Homo Sapienswhich was first used by Homo Sapiens

Speech meant easier coordination and Speech meant easier coordination and cooperation, technological progress and cooperation, technological progress and development of complex, abstract concepts development of complex, abstract concepts such as religion or sciencesuch as religion or science

Speech placed humans at the top of the food Speech placed humans at the top of the food chain, and facilitated human colonization of the chain, and facilitated human colonization of the entire planetentire planet

Limitations of SpeechLimitations of Speech

Speech, however, is not perfect. The human Speech, however, is not perfect. The human voice carries only so far, and sign language is voice carries only so far, and sign language is also rather limited in terms of distancealso rather limited in terms of distance

Further, all such forms of communications Further, all such forms of communications relied on human memory which can become relied on human memory which can become corrupted or lost over time, and there is a limit corrupted or lost over time, and there is a limit to how much one can rememberto how much one can remember

With the accidental death of a 'wise man' or With the accidental death of a 'wise man' or tribal elder, a pre-literate tribe could result in tribal elder, a pre-literate tribe could result in loss of many generations of knowledge.loss of many generations of knowledge.

History of History of Visual CommunicationVisual Communication

SymbolsSymbols

The imperfection of speech eventually resulted The imperfection of speech eventually resulted in the creation of new forms of communications, in the creation of new forms of communications, improving both the range at which people could improving both the range at which people could communicate and the longevity of the info.communicate and the longevity of the info.

All of those inventions were based on the key All of those inventions were based on the key concept of the symbol: a conventional concept of the symbol: a conventional representation of a conceptrepresentation of a concept

Cave Paintings, Petroglyphs, Pictograms, Cave Paintings, Petroglyphs, Pictograms, Ideograms, Written Alphabets are some of the Ideograms, Written Alphabets are some of the forms of symbols forms of symbols

1. Cave Paintings1. Cave Paintings

The oldest known symbols created with the The oldest known symbols created with the purpose of communication are Cave Paintingspurpose of communication are Cave Paintings

Cave or rock paintings are paintings painted on Cave or rock paintings are paintings painted on cave or rock walls and ceilings.cave or rock walls and ceilings.

The most common themes in cave paintings The most common themes in cave paintings were large wild animals, such as bison, horses, were large wild animals, such as bison, horses, aurochs, and deer, and tracings of human aurochs, and deer, and tracings of human handshands

The oldest known cave painting is that of the The oldest known cave painting is that of the Chauvet Cave, dating to around 30,000 BC. Chauvet Cave, dating to around 30,000 BC.

Cave PaintingsCave Paintings

2. Petroglyphs2. Petroglyphs

Petroglyphs were images carved into a rock Petroglyphs were images carved into a rock

It took about 20,000 years for homo sapiens to It took about 20,000 years for homo sapiens to move from cave paintings to petroglyphs, which move from cave paintings to petroglyphs, which are dated to around 10,000 BC.are dated to around 10,000 BC.

These images probably had deep cultural and These images probably had deep cultural and religious significance for the societies that religious significance for the societies that created themcreated them

Tribal societies continued using them for much Tribal societies continued using them for much longer, even until contact with Western culture longer, even until contact with Western culture was made in the 20th century was made in the 20th century

PetroglyphsPetroglyphs

3. Pictograms3. Pictograms

A pictogram (pictograph) is a symbol which A pictogram (pictograph) is a symbol which represents a concept or event by illustration. represents a concept or event by illustration. Pictography is a form of proto-writing whereby Pictography is a form of proto-writing whereby ideas are transmitted through drawingideas are transmitted through drawing

Difference between petroglyphs and pictograms Difference between petroglyphs and pictograms is that petroglyphs are simply showing an is that petroglyphs are simply showing an event, but pictograms tells a story about that event, but pictograms tells a story about that eventevent

Pictograms were used by various ancient Pictograms were used by various ancient cultures since around 7000 to 9000 BCcultures since around 7000 to 9000 BC

PictogramsPictograms

4. Ideograms4. IdeogramsAn Ideogram or is a graphical symbol which or is a graphical symbol which represents an idearepresents an idea

A pictogram of a circle could represent a sun, A pictogram of a circle could represent a sun, but not concepts like 'heat', 'light' and 'day' . but not concepts like 'heat', 'light' and 'day' . Ideograms, on the other hand, could convey Ideograms, on the other hand, could convey more abstract concepts more abstract concepts

For example an ideogram of two sticks can For example an ideogram of two sticks can mean not only 'legs' but also a verb 'to walk’mean not only 'legs' but also a verb 'to walk’

Ideograms were very much similar to writing Ideograms were very much similar to writing system of Chinese characters system of Chinese characters

IdeogramsIdeograms

5. Written Alphabets5. Written AlphabetsThe history of Alphabet starts in ancient EgyptThe history of Alphabet starts in ancient Egypt

The first pure alphabets emerged around 2000 The first pure alphabets emerged around 2000 BC in Ancient Egypt, called ‘Hieroglyphics’ BC in Ancient Egypt, called ‘Hieroglyphics’ which was a picture languagewhich was a picture language

Over the next five centuries subsequent Over the next five centuries subsequent alphabets around the world were inspired by alphabets around the world were inspired by Egyptian Hieroglyphics Egyptian Hieroglyphics

The Greek alphabet is the source for all the The Greek alphabet is the source for all the modern scripts of Europemodern scripts of Europe

Communication became much more easy with Communication became much more easy with the help of written alphabets the help of written alphabets

Written AlphabetsWritten Alphabets

6. The Art of the Book6. The Art of the Book

History of the Books starts in Medieval Europe History of the Books starts in Medieval Europe with Illuminated Manuscripts, in which the text with Illuminated Manuscripts, in which the text is supplemented by decorated initials & bordersis supplemented by decorated initials & borders

Earlier Manuscripts were written on Papyrus Earlier Manuscripts were written on Papyrus scrollsscrolls

As Medieval Europe went through Renaisance, As Medieval Europe went through Renaisance, books could be mass produced & became books could be mass produced & became popular form of visual communication with the popular form of visual communication with the help of a new technology: Printing Presshelp of a new technology: Printing Press

Illuminated ManuscriptsIlluminated Manuscripts

7. NewspapersA newspaper is a publication containing news, information, and advertising. General-interest newspapers often feature articles on political events, crime, business, art/entertainment, society and sports

Newspapers are most often published on a daily or weekly basis, and they usually focus on one particular geographic area where most of their readers live

Newspaper printing began in 17th centuary

8. TelevisionTelevision is a widely used telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images

Commercially available since the late 1930s, the television set has become a common communications receiver in homes, businesses and institutions, particularly as a source of entertainment and news

First television broadcast was made available in London in 1936

History of Distance

Communication

Distance CommunicationDistance Communication

The history of Distance Communication - the The history of Distance Communication - the transmission of signals over a distance for the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication - began thousands purpose of communication - began thousands of years agoof years ago

Primitive methods for distance communication Primitive methods for distance communication were smoke signals and Talking Drumswere smoke signals and Talking Drums

From there, today world has entered into the From there, today world has entered into the era of Telecommunication And Computer era of Telecommunication And Computer NetworkingNetworking

1. Smoke SignalsThe smoke signal is one of the oldest forms of distance communication in recorded history

In Ancient China, soldiers stationed along the Great Wall would alert each other of impending enemy attack by using smoke signals

The North American tribes also communicated via smoke signal. Each tribe had their own signaling system and understanding

In general smoke signals were used to transmit news, signal danger, or gather people to a common area

Smoke Signals

2. Talking DrumsThe talking drum is a drum whose pitch can be regulated to the extent that it is said the drum ‘talks’ and can be used for drum communication

In Africa, New Guinea and the tropical America, people used drum telegraphy for centuries

The traditional drumming found in Africa is actually of three different types. Firstly, a rhythm can represent an idea (or signal). Secondly it can repeat the profile of a spoken utterance or thirdly it can simply be subject to musical laws.

Talking DrumsTalking Drums

3. HeliographA Heliograph is a wireless solar telegraph that signals using flashes of sunlight reflected by a mirror

The heliograph was highly effective instrument for optical communication over 50 km or more. Its major uses were military, survey and forest protection work

The first recorded use of the heliograph was in 405 BC, when Greeks used polished shields to signal in battle and it was used by the Pakistani army as late as 1975

Heliograph

4. Messenger PigeonsThe Egyptians and the Persians first used messenger pigeons 3,000 years ago

Messenger pigeons were used as early as 1150 in Baghdad and also later by Genghis Khan

When a message is written on paper and rolled into a small tube attached to the bird's leg; that is called pigeon post

In India, Tipu Sultan used them during wars

Messenger Pigeons played important role in world war I and II by delivering secret massages

5. Signal LampsSignal lamp is a signaling device for optical communication. It is essentially a focused lamp which can produce a pulse of light

Signal lamps were pioneered by the British Royal Navy in the late 19th century, and they still provide secure communication between naval vessels during periods of radio silence

In air traffic control towers, signal lamps are still used today, as a backup device in case of a complete failure of an aircraft's radio

Signal Lamps

6. TelegraphA telegraph is a device for transmitting and receiving written messages over long distances without physical transport of lettersA telegraph message sent by an electrical telegraph operator using Morse code, or a printing telegraph operator using plain text was known as a telegram or cablegramBefore telephone services were available or affordable, telegram services the only way to convey information speedily over long distanceThe first commercial electrical telegraph was constructed in England

Telegraph (Before & After)

7. TelephoneThe telephone is a telecommunications device that transmits and receives sound, most commonly the human voice

Credit for the invention of the electric telephone goes to Alexander Graham Bell who was first to be awarded a patent for the electric telephone by the United States Government

Today, Internet Protocol (IP) telephony (also known as Voice over Internet Protocol, VoIP), is rapidly gaining popularity against traditional telephone

Telephone (Before & After)

8. RadioRadio is used for transmission of signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible spectrum

The meaning and usage of the word "radio" has developed in parallel with developments within the field and can be seen to have three distinct phases: electromagnetic waves and experimentation; wireless communication and technical development; and radio broadcasting and commercialization

Radio (Before & After)

9. InternetThe Internet is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are interlinked

It supports popular services such as online chat, e-mails, file transfer and file sharing, gaming, social networking, publishing, video on demand, and teleconferencing etc.

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) applications allow person-to-person communication via voice and video

Internet

SummarySummaryChange is the demand of time. As time

changed, there has been major development in the methods and Instruments of

communication over the past centuries. From Cave Paintings to Television and from Smoke Signals to Internet, the world has entered into

a completely new era of communication technology which has made the world a

“Global Village”.