HISTORY OF BUTTER From the ancient Fertile Crescent to the present day, butter has symbolized the...
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Transcript of HISTORY OF BUTTER From the ancient Fertile Crescent to the present day, butter has symbolized the...
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HISTORY OF BUTTER
• From the ancient Fertile Crescent to the present day, butter has symbolized the powerful, life giving and sacred, the good, the happy, the healthy and pure.
• Butter is a culinary treasure as old as King Tut’s tomb. "She brought forth butter in a lordly dish“
• Pure butter is produced today made of milk from cows instead of camels or water buffaloes.
• Its use as early as 2,000 years before Christ. • The word butter comes from bou-tyron, which seems to
mean "cowcheese" in Greek.
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CONTINUE…
• The word was borrowed from the language of the northern and butterophagous Scythians, who herded cattle.
• Greeks lived mostly from sheep and goats whose milk, which they consumed mainly as cheese, was relatively low in butter (or butyric) fat.
• The earliest details of method of manufacture are derived from the Arabs and Syrians, was to use vessel made from goatskin for a churn.
• The animal was skinned, the skin sewed up tight, leaving an opening only at the left foreleg, where the cream was poured in.
• The "churn" was then suspended from the tent poles and swung until the "butter comes.“
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CONTINUE…• In the first centuries butter was shipped from India to
ports of the Red Sea. • In the 12th century, Scandinavian butter was an article of
oversee commerce. The Germans sent ships to Bergen, in Norway, and exchanged their cargoes of wine for butter and dried fish.
• The Norsemen, the Finns, the Icelanders, and the Scots had done the same flavored butter heavily with garlic, knuckled it into a wooden firkin, and buried it for years in the bogs for so long that people were known to plant trees to mark the butter's burial site.
• The longer it was left, the more delicious it became.
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• Firkin • Butter Stamps and Molds
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CONTINUE….
• In 3500 BC, the people of Sumer shook cream in a vertical churn. And butter was important enough to write about records have been carved in stone.
• In the frieze below, to the right of the farm shed, temple staff milk a cow, and to the left they strain and stores the milk and make butter.
• According to ancient references, butter was used not only in cooking, but in medicine, cosmetics and even sacrificial worship rituals.
• From the 14th century onward in Europe, popes and people who liked butter on fast days had to buy special dispensations from the church.
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BUTTER MAKING
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HISTORY OF BUTTERMILK
• In days gone by, nothing went to waste in the standard homestead, and this included the liquid leftover after churning butter.
• Combined with natural airborne bacteria, this liquid thickened and soured, taking on a pleasingly tangy flavor.
• The resulting buttermilk made an excellent addition to biscuits, pancakes, and baked goods.
• Buttermilk is an essential ingredient in Southern biscuits, pies and cornbread. It also makes a great low-fat base for creamy soups, salad dressings and marinades.
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CHURN BUTTERMILK• The fat is removed by churning cream into
butter.• Not high in fat.• The watery end-product of butter making but it
has been replaced as a beverage by cultured butter milk.
• Before World War II much of the butter produced in the United States was made from gathered cream.
• Farmers separated milk on the farm an shipped cans of cream to a butter factory.
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CONTINUE…
• The cream was often sour and needed to be neutralized before churning.
• After whole milk was shipped to the creamery, providing a supply of “sweet cream” for butter.
• With these improvements came the advent of higher-quality butter and the demise of naturally soured buttermilk.
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• Dash Butter Churn • Metal Dazy Churn
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CULTURED BUTTERMILK
• Made from low-fat or skim milk and has less than 2% fat and sometimes none.
• Prepared from skim or low-fat milk by fermentation with bacteria that produces lactic acid.
• The resulting product is thicker than traditional butter milk.
• The high numbers of live bacteria organisms are also thought to provide other healthful and digestive benefits.
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CONTINUE….
• Cultured buttermilk consists:
- 90% water
- 5% sugar lactose
- 3% protein casein