History of aviation in Portugal

Teacher: Luís FerreiraStudent: Sara Ferreira 11.1

THE PIONEERSHistory of aviation in Portugal

The pioneers

• 20th June 1540 - Shoemaker João Torto jumped off the Tower of the city of Viseu with a machine built by himself in a failed attempt to reach the sky.

The João Torto’s jump.

The pioneers

• 7th August 1709 - the Portuguese priest Bartolomeu de Gusmão, presented in Lisbon, to the King D. João V, a revolutionary event where he made a small hot air balloon rise into the air. Bartolomeu de Gusmão was the inventor of the Aerostar, having opened the doors to the aviation and aerostatics.

Passarola - a flying machine by Bartolomeu de Gusmão.

The pioneers

Abreu de Oliveira (on the right side).

• Abreu de Oliveira was the first Portuguese aeronaut. On 17th May 1884, he elevated in a gas balloon, in Tapada da Ajuda, falling in Tagus River near Cais do Sodré.

The pioneers

The airship built by Cipriano Pereira Jardim

• Cipriano Pereira Jardim was the inventor of the dirigible balloon. He built an airship with military purposes (with hydrogen and an electric motor for propulsion), at the end of the 19th century.

THE FIRST PLANE’S FLIGHTSHistory of aviation in Portugal

The first plane’s flights

First flight with a plane in Portugal.

• Armand Ziptel attempted to pilot a plane for the first time in Portugal with the plane model Voisin Antoinette with 40 hp. It was on 17th October 1909. This attempt resulted only in a leap of 200 meters to 8 meters high.

The first plane’s flights

• In 11th December 1909 is founded Aero-Club of Portugal, with the objective of promoting aeronautics.

Aero-Club of Portugal 1909’s logo.

The first plane’s flights

Óscar Blank

• Óscar Blank received the Aviator pilot license on 12th July 1909, having been the first Portuguese civil pilot and one of the first in the world.

The first plane’s flights

A Blériot XI plane at the present time.

• The first real flight was held by the Frenchman Julien Mamet on 27th April 1910, after describing a wide circle to 50 meters in height, in his Blériot XI, in Lisbon

The first plane’s flights

Bleriot monoplane, the Channel Crossing type.

• The first motor-driven aeroplane flight by a Portuguese was on 10th September 1912, by the pilot Alberto Sanches de Castro, in a Bleriot monoplane, the Channel Crossing type.

The first plane’s flights

First military aviation school

• In 14th May 1914 was published the law establishing the first military aviation school to be installed in Vila Nova da Rainha, having been inaugurated in 1st August 1916.

The first plane’s flights

Fairey III-D Santa Cruz

• In 1922, Sacadura Cabral and Gago Coutinho performed what would be the most important event in Portuguese aviation: the first Aerial Crossing of the South Atlantic.

• It was an adventure full of upsets once that the first aircraft used (a Fairey III-D, the “Lusitania”) wasn´t able to reach the final destination and so it was replaced with another Fairey (“Santa Cruz”). In the end, the trip was a tremendous success, particularly for the accuracy demonstrated on air navigation.

The first plane’s flights

Gago Coutinho and his navy sextant adapted

• Gago Coutinho used a sextant of the Navy that had been adapted to an artificial horizon of his conception. This step besides innovative was even revolutionary for its time.

The first plane’s flights

The plane Dornier Wal Argos

• In 1927, Sarmento de Beires, aboard the seaplane Dornier Wal, "Argos", in the company of Jorge Castilho and Manuel George meets with success the night Crossing of the South Atlantic. This crossing which took place at night, with rudimentary navigation aid, is perhaps one of the most extraordinary feats of aviation in Portugal.

MILITARY AVIATIONHistory of aviation in Portugal

Military aviation

Coat of arms of the Portuguese Air Force

• The Portuguese air force was established in 1st July 1952, constituting themselves as an independent branch, in parallel with the Navy and Army, joining the aviation incorporated in those branches.

Military aviation

• Portuguese Air Force’s Squadrons– Squadron 101 - "Roncos"– Squadron 103 - "Caracóis"– Squadron 201 - "Falcões"– Squadron 301 - "Jaguares"– Squadron 501 - "Bisontes"– Squadron 502 - "Elefantes"– Squadron 504 - "Linces"– Squadron 552 - "Zangões"– Squadron 601 - "Lobos"– Squadron 751 - "Pumas"– Squadron 802 - "Águias"

Military aviation• Major aircraft of the Portuguese Air Force– Aerospatiale Epsilon-TB 30: Squadron 101 - "Roncos" – Agusta-Westland – EH-101 Merlin: Squadron 751 - "Pumas" – ASK-21: Squadron 802 - "Águias" – Chipmunk MK 20 (modif.): Squadron 802 - "Águias" – Dassault/Dornier Alpha-Jet: Squadron 103 - "Caracóis" – EADS C-295M: Squadron 502 - "Elefantes" – Lockheed C-130 H / H-30 Hercules: Squadron 501 - "Bisontes"– Lockheed Martin F-16 AM: – Squadron 201 - "Falcões" and Squadron 301 -

"Jaguares" – Lockheed P-3C CUP+ ORION: Squadron 601 - "Lobos" – L-23 Super Blanik: Squadron 802 - "Águias" – Marcel-Dassault Falcon 50: Squadron 504 - "Linces" – Sudaviation - SE 3160 Alouette III: Squadron 552 - "Zangões”

Military aviation

Military aviation

COMMERCIAL AVIATIONHistory of aviation in Portugal

Commercial aviation

SATA logo

• The first Portuguese airline to be created was SATA on 21st August 1941.

Commercial aviation

A SATA airplane in Dublin aeroport

• The SATA International was founded on 19th March 1998 operating flights outside Azores.

Commercial aviation

TAP logo evolution

• The Transportes Aéreos Portugueses (TAP) was created on 14th March 1945.

Commercial aviation

TAP’s DC-3 Dakota

• In 1945 the TAP acquired its first two 21 passengers DC-3 Dakota airplanes and hired the pioneer of flight attendance in Portugal, Maria de Lurdes Martins Owen.

Commercial aviation

First model of the TAP ticket

• In 1946, TAP already holds the General Course for Pilots in Portugal, being that the conditions for the company to begin operating are set.

• The first commercial line (Lisbon — Madrid) opens on 19th September 1946.

• On 31st December 1946, the “Imperial Air Line” is inaugurated (Lisbon - Luanda - Lourenço Marques) with 12 stopovers and 15 days of length (return). With 24,540 kilometers, it’s the most extensive line operated by the DC-3 at world level.

Commercial aviation

TAP VI-R Caravelles

• TAP receives, in July of 1962, the first of its three VI-R Caravelles, with the entrance of the jet airliner era.

Commercial aviation

An Airbus A340 with the colors of the TAP

• In 2009:– In July, TAP is awarded as the “Best

Airline Company”, for the 6th consecutive year by the Publituris newspaper. Its record for passenger transportation in one day is surpassed by itself on 31st July with a total of 34.031 passengers carried.

– In November, TAP’s elected as the “World’s Leading Airline to South America” in the 16th edition of the World Travel Awards, the most prestigious accolade of the industry.

– On 21st December TAP wins the “PLANET EARTH” award, awarded by UNESCO in recognition of the carbon offset programme launched by the company.

Commercial aviation

PGA logo

• In 25th July 1988, PGA was created. The first flight was on 7th July 1990, between the cities of Lisbon and Oporto.

Commercial aviation

An Fokker 100 with the colors of the PGA

• In mid 2007, PGA integrates the TAP Group and takes on a new business model. The Company stops working in the regional market and starts working within a Group logic as a supplier of flight capacity by hiring its aircraft to TAP.

PORTUGUESE AVIATION INDUSTRYHistory of aviation in Portugal

Portuguese aviation industry

OGMA´s logo production facilities

• OGMA (Oficina Gerais de Material Aeronáutico) was created on 29th June 1918.

• OGMA is today a very important worldwide player in the aerospace MRO and manufacturing business.

• OGMA also qualifies as an AMC for several major manufacturers such as EMBRAER, Lockheed Martin and Rolls-Royce.

Portuguese aviation industry

PORTUGAL IN SPACEHistory of aviation in Portugal

Portugal in space

PoSat 1 – The first Portuguese satellite

• 1993 – Launch of the PoSAT-1– PoSAT-1 was the first

Portuguese satellite built in collaboration with a consortium of companies and national universities.

Portugal in space

ESA logo

• 1996 - Portugal becomes a cooperative ESA Member State

• 2000 - Portugal becomes a cooperating State of ESA

Portugal in space

Distribution of Portuguese institutional contribution in the various optional subscription programs of ESA, grouped by programmatic domain.

• Portuguese participation in ESA space programs Earth observation Monitoring the space infrastructure Telecommunications and integrated

applications Satellite navigation Robotic Exploration Rocket Launchers Space Technology Transport to the ISS and human

exploration

Portugal in space

• Bibliography– Aeronáutica – Os cabeças no Ar

– Ex – OGMA

– História da Aviação Militar em Portugal

THE ENDHistory of aviation in Portugal