History Of Architecture I - Lesson 2:Evolution of "City" in Prehistory
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Transcript of History Of Architecture I - Lesson 2:Evolution of "City" in Prehistory
The beginning
natural order vs artifactnatural vs anthropic
what is really natural?
Old Stone Age or Paleolithic40 000 – 100 000 years ago
cave sanctuariesmagic beliefs
paintings expresses a kind of naturalism free from intellectual limits with paintings the artist-hunter holds animal's destiny
Lascaux cave, plan. About 10 000-20 000 years ago.
New Stone Age or Neolithic
around 10 000-3 000 years ago
Climate changesnew relationship between humans and nature
settled down communitiesagriculture
improved brain capacities of the homo sapiens more than climate changescreated new social relations and forms of abstract-symbolic art
domestic versus sacred
humans look at the Cosmos for practical and religious reasons
HOUSES
HOUSES
HOUSES
MONUMENTSMenhir
Dolmen around 3000 BC
TOMBS
Essé, France, around 3000 BC
TOMBS
Newgrange, Ireland, around 3000 BC
TOMBS
Temple at Ggantija (Tower of Giants)and
Stonehenge
built in different phases
their references: the cave and the sky
both sanctuaries express the idea of a building type,why? Because were found in the same region structures with
similar features.
Definition of building type:it is a an architectural form that is invented for a specific
purpose, it achieves a shared validity, in terms of space and ritual, through its repeated use.
SANCTUARIESTEMPLES
SANCTUARIESTEMPLES
SANCTUARIESTEMPLES
Stonehenge III Stonehenge IV 1500 BC circa
Stonehenge I 2700 BC circa Stonehenge II
SANCTUARIESTEMPLES
Heel stone
56 holes
Trench/canal(100 mt of
diameter circa)
Solstice axis
Bluestones (circle 8mt wide)
Sarsen circle and horseshoe
Y and Z holes
Bluestoneswithin the Sarsen
circle
North
South
Station stone
Station stone
Solstice axis
SANCTUARIESTEMPLES
The urban revolution
invention of writing -- written records about cities and their myths were found from III millennium BC
Civitas vs barbarous cities are the core of a new idea of civilization
words and cities distinguish populations
General features of cities
Early examples in the Middle East:
Khirokitia and Çatalhöyük
FIRST CITIES
Çatalhöyük 5 000- 4 000 BC
Çatalhöyük 5 000- 4 000 BC