Running head: HIGHER EDUCATION IN SOUTH CAROLINA 1

2HIGHER EDUCATION IN SOUTH CAROLINA

Higher Education in South Carolina: A Timeline HistoryJessica L. GoreGeorgia Southern University

Timeline History1710The first free school was successfully established and founded in Charleston

1723Rev. Thomas Morrit made proposals for establishing a college however, funds were not available

1757A Baptist society was formed for the preparation and education of young men for the ministry.

1769A bill was drawn providing for the establishment of a college to be named the College of South Carolina. However, nothing came of this bill due to the coming conflict with England.

1770In June, the College of Charleston began as the result of a meeting to consider the propriety of "petitioning the Assembly for the establishment of a college in or near Charleston."

1770College of Charleston founded.

1775The Revolutionary War begins.

1785The Legislature granted the charters and passed an act for building and establishing colleges in Charleston, Winnsborough and Cambridge. In addition to the regular regulations of the institutions, it was also enacted that "no person shall be eligible as a trustee of the said colleges unless he shall profess the Christian Protestant religion." Of these three institutions, only one remains a college.

College of Charleston chartered.

1790Classes begin at the College of Charleston.

1791A new charter was granted for specifically for the College of Charleston, thus separating it from the triple act (Charleston, Winnsborough and Cambridge).

The first Congress of the new United States passes the Bill of Rights. There is no mention of education however, the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution states that powers not delegated to the federal government "are reserved to the States, respectively, or to the people." As a result, education becomes a function of the state.

1794College of Charleston graduates its first class (six students).

1795An act was passed for incorporating a college at Beaufort.

1797An act was passed for incorporating a college in Pinckney District as the "College of Alexandria."

1801University of South Carolina is established in an effort to unite the citizens of the state after the American Revolution and to promote "the good order and harmony" of the state.

1819In the Dartmouth College Case the Supreme Court rules that New Hampshire cannot alter the charter of Dartmouth, a private institution, thus preventing government interference in private colleges and universities.

1824The Medical University of South Carolina was founded as the Medical College of Charleston on an independent basis.

A resolution to establish a school for the children of itinerant preachers and for orphan children was passed by the State Conference.

1825A petition was sent to the Synod asking that it would take the Ebenezer Academy in York County under its patronage.

The Baptist Convention established an academy at the High Hills of Santee and in Edgefield, however, the "Furman Academy" located in Edgefield was removed.

1826Furman Theological Institution is established in Santee as the state's Baptist school.

1828The College of Charleston was re-organized into departments, English, classical and scientific by Rev. Jasper Adams.

The Yale Report is published to defended that the classical subjects be taught at colleges in order to discipline the mind and that everything else is secondary.

1830Rev. Dr. John Bachman established Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary in Pomaria.

1833Oberlin College is founded and becomes the first college to admit women.

1836Wesleyan Female College (now Wesleyan College) in Macon, Georgia, is the first female college and first college to grant degrees to women.

1837The city of Charleston assumed control of the College of Charleston.

Erskine Theological Seminary was incorporated at Due West in Abbeville County.

College of Charleston becomes the first municipal college in the United States.

1839The Synod was induced to expand and its name changed to Erskine College with a charter applied for from the Legislature.

An ordinance provided that pupils from the Orphan House should be admitted to the College of Charleston for free.

1842The Arsenal in Columbia and The Citadel in Charleston were established and converted into military academies.

1845The Arsenal was made auxiliary to the Citadel and the first class was introduced.

Limestone College was established as the first women's college in the state in Gaffney.

1850A charter was obtained for what would be Furman University and the school was officially opened in 1852 with an academic, a collegiate, a theological and a law department.

1851A charter was obtained for establish Wofford College in Spartanburg.

Furman University is moved to Greenville.

1852A museum of natural history was established at the College of Charleston after the completion of the two wings of the main building.

1853The Baptist State Convention appointed a committee to "take into consideration the subject of female education as a denominational interest."

1854The Greenville Baptist Female College opens.

Columbia College is established in affiliation with the United Methodist Church as a women's. It officially opened in 1859 as Columbia Female College.

Wofford College was established as the states Methodist school.

1856The Hon. Ker Boyce gave eight merit and need based scholarships in the amount of thirty-three thousand dollars to the College of Charleston

Newberry College was establish when the Evangelical Lutheran Synod elected a board of trustees and obtained a charter to open a college in Newberry

1857A theological seminary was organized by the convention of the diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church located in Camden. This school continued successful operation until 1865, when a fire destroyed the main building and most of the library due to the occupancy of Camden by the Federal troops.

1858The Baptist theological institution, an outgrowth of Furman University, was organized and established in Greenville until 1876 when it was moved to Louisville, KY.

1861The U.S. Civil War begins and educational progress is essentially frozen until the war ends.

1862The Morrill Act of 1862, or the Land-Grant Act, was the first of such acts. It sold public lands in order to defer the cost of college in the United States. Each state either started a new college or designated one to teach agriculture and mechanical arts in order to be eligible for the funds. In addition, these colleges also provided military training.

1864Studies at the Academies, the Arsenal and the Citadel, ended and both were formally closed in December of 1865 with the Arsenal to never reopen.

Charleston is under siege during the Civil War and the College of Charleston closes.

1865Ephraim M. Baynard set aside one hundred and sixty-eight thousand two hundred dollars to endow eight merit and need based scholarships to the College of Charleston.

The Civil War ends but many of the educational institutions in the South are left in less than perfect conditions.

1866University of South Carolina School of Law is established.

Classes resume at the College of Charleston following the Civil War.

The University of South Carolina with ambitious plans for a diverse university that included the first African Americans to serve on the Board of Trustees (1868) and the first African-American students (1873).

1867The Department of Education is created.

1869Claflin University was opened when the Freedmen's Aid Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church North purchased the building of the Orangeburg Female College Its primary purpose a that time was to prepare freed slaves to take their rightful places as full American citizens.

1870Allen University was founded by the African Methodist Episcopal Church as Payne Institute in Cokebury.

Benedict College was established in Columbia for training colored youths for the ministry of the Baptist Church. The mission and long-term goal was to educate emancipated African-Americans and produce citizens "powers for good in society."

1872The Walhalla Female College at Walhalla was opened

The Williamston Female College at Williamston was opened and associated with the Methodist Episcopal Church South. It was moved to Greenwood in 1904 and renamed Lander College.

1877Adger College was established in Walhalla but later closed in 1887.

1879The Anderson Female Seminary was opened.

1880William Plumer Jacobs founded Presbyterian College in relation to the Presbyterian Church.

1882The state resumed control of the Citadel Academy at Charleston after the United States troops released possession of the grounds and buildings and re-opened the school after the Legislature passed an act.

1885The College of Charleston celebrated its centennial.

1886On August 31, an earthquake hit Charleston destroying much of the city including many of the buildings of the colleges.

Thomas Green Clemson signed his will to create Clemson Agricultural College of South Carolina and his endowment was accepted by the state in 1889.

The Winthrop Training School was opened in Columbia in November later to become Winthrop University. The school was founded to educate women as teachers.

1887The Hatch Act of 1887 establishes a network of agricultural experiment stations connected to land grant universities, which were established under the First Morrill Act.

1888Rev. James Woodrow of the seminary of the Southern Presbyterian Church was tried for heresy due to teaching the system of evolution. The General Assembly of the Church decided against him by a large majority.

1889The first steps toward founding Converse College began, with its doors officially opening in October of the following year.

Saint Leo University was originally founded in 1889 in Florida by a group of Benedictine monks. In 1880, the college was temporarily phased out and opened again as a college in 1959. The university created distance learning centers and has two in the state, the North Charleston Education Center and the Shaw Education Center.

1890The Clemson College Trustees opened the S.C. Experimental Farm.

The Morrill Act of 1890 is the he second Morrill Act. It was is created to supply land grant colleges with a yearly cash subsidy and lead to the creation of 16 historically black land-grant colleges.

1892North Greenville University was founded to provide educational opportunities for mountain area students. It began as a high school in 1893, and then became a junior college in 1934. It was not until 1957 that all high school courses were dropped and the institution became just a college.

Strayer University was founded as Strayer's Business College in Baltimore, Maryland. In the mid-2000s, it expanded its campus to South Carolina in addition to several other states.

The Committee of Ten recommends a college-oriented high school curriculum.

1893Clemson University.

Clemson College opened with 446 students and 15 faculties under President Edwin Boone Craighead.

1894Clinton Junior College was founded by the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church to meet the needs of descendants of slaves who did not have access to higher education.

1895Delegates from ten of the leading higher education institutions across the Southeast met in Atlanta to form the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Winthrop moved from Columbia to Rock Hill.

1896South Carolina State University was founded as the state's sole public college for black youth and as a land-grant institution.

1897Voorhees College, founded as Denmark Industrial School, was modeled after the Tuskegee Institute. The school began as a high school, then a junior college and in 1962; it was accredited as a four-year institution.

1898Holmes Bible College was established and is the oldest continuing Pentecostal doctrinal Bible College in the world.

1900The Association of American Universities is founded.

1906Southern Wesleyan University was originally established in 1906 as the Wesleyan Methodist Bible Institute whose mission was to develop Christian character in its students while giving thorough intellectual training.

1908Coker College began as Welsh Neck High School in 1894 and was converted to a college for women in 1908.

The Baptist Educational and Missionary Convention of South Carolina established Morris College "for the Christian and Intellectual Training of Negro youth."

1911Anderson University was granted a charter by the South Carolina Assembly and opened it's doors the following year as a four-year college for women.

Spartanburg Methodist College was founded as Textile Industrial Institute and currently serves the needs of the traditional college student and the non-traditional working adult.

The Southern Seminary made Columbia it's permanent home.

1914The Cooperative Extension Service was established, fulfilling Clemson's land-grant mission.

1915Webster University was founded as one of the first Catholic women's colleges west of the Mississippi River. In the 1970s, the institution began to expand across the country including South Carolina.

1917The entire senior class enlisted in World War I.

Women are admitted to the College of Charleston and Pierrine St. Claire Smith Byrd becomes the first female graduate in 1922.

The Smith-Hughes Act is passed, thus providing federal funding for agricultural and vocational education. It is repealed in 1997.

The U.S. enters World War I, however the army has no means of screening the intellectual ability of its recruits. As a result, the Committee on Psychological Examination of Recruits designs the Army Alpha and Beta tests, which lay the groundwork for future standardized tests.

1923Columbia International University began as Columbia Bible School to provide a two year course of study in biblical studies to local mill workers.

Columbia International University Seminary began as Columbia Biblical Seminary and School of Missions in order to train students who desire to pursue a vocation in full or part-time Christian ministry.

1924Furman University is named one of four collegiate beneficiaries of the Duke Endowment.

1926 The Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) is first administered. It is based on the Army Alpha test.

1927Evangelist Bob Jones in Bay County, Florida established Bob Jones University. 1n 1946, a campus in Greenville was constructed.

1929Anderson College became the state's first junior college when he South Carolina Baptist Convention approved the institutions transition.

1933Furman University merges with Greenville Woman's College.

1935South University is established by John Draughon as Draughon's Practical Business College in Savannah, Georgia. In 2002, a fourth campus is merged in Columbia.

Clemson Experimental Forest land was acquired through the federal Land Reclamation Act.

1941The U.S. enters World War II and education become secondary as many young men quit school to enlist

1944The Servicemen's Readjustment Act, better known as the GI Bill, allowed Americans to earn their degree regardless of race or gender as long as they were on active duty for at least 90 days and were not dishonorably discharged.

1946Forrest College was founded as the Carolina School of Commerce

The President's Commission on Higher Education is given the task of reexamining the role of colleges and universities in post-war America.

1952Public Law 550, the Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act of 1952, modifies the G.I. Bill for veterans of the Korean War.

1954Coastal Carolina University began as Costal Carolina Junior College

The Supreme Court case Brown vs. Board of Education ruled that all segregation in public education to be outlawed, including higher education.

1955The military system of discipline was dropped; Clemsons first women enrolled as full-time, degree-seeking students, with the first degree granted to a woman being Margaret Marie Snider, in 1957.

1956The Southern Methodist Church as a Bible college established southern Methodist College.

1958The National Defense Education Act (NDEA) is passed, which authorizes increased funding for scientific research as well as science, mathematics, and foreign language education.

1959University of South Carolina Beaufort campus established.

University of South Carolina Lancaster campus established.

The ACT Test is first administered.

1961University of South Carolina Aiken campus established.

South Carolina Advisory Committee for Technical Training is established in response to the West Committee Study with Greenville TEC the first institution to apply.

A program to train start-up labor forces for new and expanding industries, Special Schools, was created.

1962Greenville Technical College began in Ohio with a campus built and established in South Carolina in 1962.

Tri-County Technical College was established as the state created a system of technical colleges.

The Act 905 was signed to create the Tri-County Technical Education Center.

1963Central Carolina Technical College was established as Sumter Area Technical Education Center in order to provide an industrial training center to serve Sumter, Clarendon, Kershaw and Lee counties.

Midlands Technical College was established when three institutions merged together to provide career and transfer education.

Spartanburg Community College was established due to the South Carolina Legislature act that provided for an extensive statewide program of growth for technical training.

Clemson achieved integration with dignity when its first black student, Harvey B. Gantt, enrolled. (Gantt graduated in 1965 with honors in architecture and later served two terms as mayor of Charlotte, N.C.).

1964Charleston Southern University was established as Baptist College at Charleston and is affiliated with the South Carolina Baptist Convention.

Florence-Darlington Technical College was established to attract industry to the state to provide employment for citizens of the state. The college operates sites in Hartsville, Lake City and Mullins.

Trident Technical College was founded as the Berkeley-Charleston-Dorchester Technical Education Center and merged with Palmer College in the 1970s to form the current institution.

York Technical College is established.

Clemson Agricultural College was renamed Clemson University in recognition of expanded academic offerings and research pursuits.

The Civil Rights Act allowed the government to cut off federal money to any college or university that discriminates based on race, color, sex, or national origin.

1965University of South Carolina Salkehatchie campuses established.

University of South Carolina Union campuses established.

Furman admits its first African-American student, Joe Vaughn, who later graduated in 1968.

The Higher Education Act of 1965 establishes the first financial aid program for public and private colleges, and individual students.

1966Horry-Georgetown Technical College is established as a result of the Horry-Georgetown Commission for Technical Education

Piedmont Technical College is established.

University of South Carolina Sumter campus established.

South Carolina State University opened its doors to white students and faculty

1967University of South Carolina Upstate campuses started.

College of Charleston admits its first black students with Eddie Ganaway as the first African American to graduate from the school in 1971.

1968Northeastern Technical College is established.

Orangeburg-Calhoun Technical College is established.

The U.S. Department of Labor awarded a grant of $2 million to TEC to initiate the South Carolina Rural Concentrated Employment Programs.

1969Denmark Technical College is established.

Technical College of the Lowcountry is established.

Many young men attempt to avoid or defer the draft of the Vietnam War by enrolling in colleges and universities.

1970Francis Marion University was founded in response to an overwhelming need for a public higher education institution in the Pee Dee region of the state. However, the university can trace its history to 1957 when the University of South Carolina established a freshman center at the Florence County Library.

College of Charleston is incorporated into the S.C. State College System.

1971Williamsburg Technical College is established.

South Carolina State University terminated its agricultural program and the college farm was transformed into a community recreation center.

The South Carolina Commission on Higher Education conducted a study on a proposal to establish a community college system.

1972Aiken Technical College is established.

First graduate program established at the College of Charleston.

The Higher Education Act of 1972 provided grants to almost all higher education institutions with no strings attached. The Act provides assistance of $1,400 or less for any student who couldnt afford college as well as renovated the student loan program so that the National Student Loan Association can purchase existing loans from banks.

Act 1268 was passed by the General Assembly to establish the State Board of Technical and Comprehensive Education.

1973Sherman College of Straight Chiropractic is established in the state.

1974The State Board changed the title "Technical Education Center" to "Technical Education Colleges."

1975Saint Leo University Shaw Center started.

Webster University Joint Base Charleston Campus is established.

1976Webster University Charleston Campus is established.

1977University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia established.

1980Webster University Beaufort Naval Hospital is established.

1983Webster University Fort Jackson Campus is established.

Converse College introduced Converse II to fit the schedules and ambitions of adult women, whether they are a few semesters shy of a bachelors degree or a freshman taking college-level courses for the first time.

1984Clemson scored 100 percent six out of six in awards to seniors who applied for Fulbright scholarships and grants for international study.

1986Southern Wesleyan University Charleston Campus established.

Southern Wesleyan University Columbia Campus established.

Southern Wesleyan University Greenville Campus established.

Southern Wesleyan University North Augusta Campus established.

1987Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary is established to train men for Christian ministry.

The South Carolina Commission on Higher Education chartered University Center of Greenville in response to a need for access to public higher education for two-year college graduates who cannot leave Greenville County to pursue a four-year or graduate degree.

1989Anderson College returned to a four-year institution

The University of Phoenix establishes an "online campus," and becomes the first to offer online bachelors and master's degrees.

All 16 technical college are authorized to offer college transfer associate degrees.

1990College of Charleston is one of six colleges chosen to serve as a space research facility and partner with NASA.

1992ITT Technical Institute Greenville Campus started.

Webster University Myrtle Beach Campus is established.

College of Charleston formally establishes The Graduate School of the College of Charleston.

Furman breaks its ties with the South Carolina Baptist Convention and becomes independent.

1993Webster University Greenville Campus is established.

The Jones International University becomes the first university "to exist completely online."

1996St Anselm Seminary is established.

The South Carolina Commission on Higher Education approved a statewide agreement on transfer and articulation with a list of 74 courses transferable to four-year institutions.

1998The nations only National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center dedicated to materials research, and the first national engineering research center in South Carolina was established at Clemson.

The Higher Education Act is amended and reauthorized requiring institutions and states to produce "report cards" about teacher education.

2000ECPI University Greenville Campus is established is established.

Webster University Columbia Campus is established.

Under President James F. Barker 70, Clemson was named 2001 Public College of the Year by TIME magazine.

2001Lowcountry Graduate Center was founded in response to the University Study Committee in order to associate and offer courses from the Medical University of South Carolina, The Citadel and the College of Charleston.

2002Christ Central Institute is founded as a center of Christian higher education, missions, training and career arts training.

The South Carolina Education Lottery Act is passed to assist and fund South Carolina residents attending higher education institutions.

2003Springfield School of Human Services is established in the state.

Webster University Shaw Air Force Base is established.

Clemson broke ground for the International Center for Automotive Research (CU-ICAR).

The Higher Education Act is again amended and reauthorized to expand access to higher education to low and middle-income students, to provide additional funds for graduate studies, and to increase accountability.

2004Charleston School of Law is established as a private law school.

ECPI University Charleston Campus is established.

Strayer University Greenville Campus is established.

2005Strayer University Columbia Campus is established.

Trident Technical College Culinary Institute of Charleston is established.

2006ECPI University - Columbia Campus is established.

Strayer University Charleston Campus is established.

University of Phoenix Columbia Campus is established.

2007Art Institute of Charleston is established is provide culinary education.

ITT Technical Institute Columbia Campus started.

The System and the University of South Carolina announced a statewide Bridge Program, easing the transfer process for technical college students.

2008Troy University is established in the state.

Clemsons Habitat for Humanity chapter was named Campus Chapter of the Year by Habitat for Humanity International.

The Higher Education Opportunity Act is a reauthorization of the Higher Education Act, which incorporated many of the Code of Conduct rules that were developed as a result of NY Attorney General Andrew Cuomos investigations on lender lists and inducements in the student loan industry.

2009Brown Mackie College is established in the state.

Remington College is established in the state.

The American Recovery Reinvestment Act aimed to stimulate the economy through investments in infrastructure, unemployment benefits, transportation, education, and healthcare.

2010Fortis College is established.

Virginia College Columbia Campus started.

The Health Care & Education Reconciliation Act stated, all new federal student loans will originate through the Direct Loan program, instead of through the federally-guaranteed student loan program.

2011Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine is established.

2012Saint Leo University North Charleston Center established.

University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville is established.

Virginia College Florence Campus is established.

The Southern Seminary merged with Lenoir-Rhyne University, which is located in Hickory, NC. The seminary is part of the university's School of Theology.

2013The case Fisher v. University of Texas is sent back to the lower courts after the U.S. Supreme rules that affirmative action is constitutional only if it is narrowly tailored."

ResourcesMeriwether, C. & McCrady E.(1920). History of higher education in South Carolina (1833 -1903). Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.South Carolinas Information Highway (2013). South Carolina: Colleges and universities. Retrieved on June 29, 2013 from http://www.sciway.net/colleges/SC Commission on Higher Education. Retrieved on June 29, 2013 from http://www.che.sc.gov/InfoCntr/Coll_Univ.htmSouth Carolina Technical College System (2012). Systems 50th anniversary. Retrieved on June 29, 2013 from http://www.sctechsystem.com

All other information was retrieved from the institutions individual websites.

EDLD 7432 History of Higher Education Chronological Time Chart

Name: Jessica Gore

Unsatisfactory0 pointSatisfactory8 pointTarget15 pointsScore

EssentialsDoes not meet requirements as set forth in the assignment.Information is not presented in chronological order.Meets almost all requirements as set forth in assignment.Most of the information is provided in chronological order.Meets all requirements as set forth in assignment.All of the information is provided in chronological order.15

Unsatisfactory0 pointSatisfactory32 pointsTarget65 pointsScoreX2

DetailsChronological Time Chart contains only minor portions of the details necessary to describe a complete picture of the history of the HE system for the state selected.Chronological Time Chart is solid but is still lacking details necessary to describe a complete picture of the history of the HE system for the state selected.Chronological Time Chart is complete and contains all the details necessary to describe a complete picture of the history of the HE system for the state selected.65

Unsatisfactory0 pointSatisfactory5 pointsTarget10 pointsScore

Creativity &EffortTime Chart shows no originality and does not meet the minimum requirements of the assignment. Chart seems put together at the last minute.Time Chart shows little evidence of originality and inventiveness.Meets the minimum requirements of assignment.Time Chart shows significant evidence of originality and inventiveness and shows the student has put thought and effort into creating a clear chart.10

Comments: Jessica, thanks for all the detail and how you presented this material on South Carolina. I thought you pretty much caught all the bases from the different institutions, to the consolidation of several universities into one, and some of the key legislation including the Dartmouth College Case in 1819. It was good you included the institution of the Morrill Act as well. I like that you also caught the stalling of HE as a result of the Civil War. This was an important event in South Carolina as it relates to HE. Wonderfully done. The formatting of the material was nice and it was easy to look at and read. There is quite a long history of HE in South Carolina. There also was really not much down time in the development of the HE system in this state. It seemed like there was something happening every two years or so especially from the 1950s on. Impressive. I think the State Board of Regents would like to see something like this. Dr JensenTotalScore90

Gore