History of AmericaBy: Sam, Olivia, Jeff, and Steve

New Colonies

Puritans crossed the Atlantic as refugees fleeing from religious persecution in England

They wanted to find “godly commonwealth” in America

Thomas Hooker was a Puritan minister who did not agree with the policy of limiting political power to church members.

New Colonies

Roger Williams, another Puritan minister who was banished, protested the colonists’ poor treatment of Native Americans

Williams and his followers then started their own colony of Providence. Soon he was granted royal charter for the new colony of Rhode Island.

New Colonies

-King Charles gave four million hectares of land to Lord Baltimore, a Catholic nobleman and they dominated the colony’s government.

-The economy was based on tobacco cultivation

New Colonies

-King Charles II used American land to reward his friends and supporters.

-William Penn, the son of Admiral William Penn was given a huge piece of land due to King Charles’ debt to the Admiral.

- Penn came from a religious group called the Quakers who believed in religious freedom and pacifism.

New Colonies-William Penn established the state of Pennsylvania with the condition that the natives would receive fair compensation

-Many German and English farmers immigrated to Pennsylvania due to its flourishing agriculture

-The state Carolina derived from the Latin for Charles, Carolus. This state consisted mainly of tobacco plantations and half the population consisted of Carribean slaves from Barbados.

New Colonies

The Netherlands, a newly independent country in the mid 17th century established a colony along the Hudson River called New Amsterdam

When this land was captured by King Charles II, he granted this colony to his brother, the Duke of York

This fur-trading colony was renamed New York in his honor and prospered as a important port to the English

King Philip’s War

In the mid 17th century, leader of the Pokanoket, named Metacomet also known as King Philip organized the Algonquin groups to challenge the colonists on European expansion due to the deteriorating relations between natives and colonists

King Philip’s War

the Iroquois sided with the colonists

London government/merchants goals were to incorporate Native Americans as subordinate partners in the fur trade and to make the New World civilized

the confrontation resulted in fighting across New England

Colonial TensionSocial/political tensions grew with the arrival of more settlers

The issues were a reflection of the different societies

Virginia had conflicts between established planters and poorer colonists

Massachusetts conflict arose because of changing religious  

Bacon’s RebellionNathaniel Bacon; wealthy Virginian farmer lead the colonists in a frontier war against the Susquehannock

Sir William Berkeley ordered an end to the raids to save the relations

1676 Bacon led a revolt against Berkeley and the planter elite, calls for removal of Natives and to end the elitist control over the colony

Rebels burn Jamestown and force Berkeley to flee

Bacon fell ill & died, rebellion ended

 Salem Witch Scare

in 1691 several women in the Massachusettes port of Salem were accused of witchcraft

throughout 1692 there over 100 men and women accused of involvement in witchcraft

20 individuals were convicted and executed for witchcraft before the new governor ordered a halt to the trials  

Most commonly accuses were old unmarried or widowed women from religious minorities

Salem witch scare revealed social and economic stresses in the colony

King William’s War

1689 English and Iroquois forces attacked Montreal

French and Algonquin responded by raids on the frontier settlements and Iroquois communities

continuing conflict between English and French forces for control of North America

Emerging Patterns

Impact of existing societies and new arrivals (Europeans “civilizing” the Natives)

Many new arrivals immigrated searching for economic and religious freedom

Differences between the urban and frontier society