Humayun ‘The Fortune’Humayun ‘The Fortune’

Humayun ‘The fortune’Humayun ‘The fortune’Birth nameBirth name- Nasir-ud-din Muhammad Humayun- Nasir-ud-din Muhammad HumayunFamily nameFamily name -Mughal-MughalTitleTitle -2-2ndnd Emperor of Mughal Empire Emperor of Mughal EmpireBirthBirth datedate-March 6,1508-March 6,1508Birth placeBirth place - Kabul - Kabul FatherFather – Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur – Zahir-ud-din Muhammad BaburMother- Mother- Mahim BegumMahim BegumBrother Brother - Hindal, Kamran ,Askari- Hindal, Kamran ,Askari Wives Wives –Hamid Banu Begum, Bega Begum ,Bigen Begum ,Man –Hamid Banu Begum, Bega Begum ,Bigen Begum ,Man

Begum, Miven Jan ,Shahzadi KhanumBegum, Miven Jan ,Shahzadi KhanumChildrenChildren -Akbar (son), Mirza Muhammad Mukim (son), -Akbar (son), Mirza Muhammad Mukim (son), Aqiqen Begum (daughter) ,Bakshi Banu Begum (daughter),Aqiqen Begum (daughter) ,Bakshi Banu Begum (daughter),Baktunissa Begum (daughter) Baktunissa Begum (daughter) Death dateDeath date - March 4,1556 (at age of 47) - March 4,1556 (at age of 47)Death placeDeath place - Delhi - DelhiBurialBurial-Humayun’s tomb at Delhi-Humayun’s tomb at DelhiSucceeded by-Succeeded by- Akbar (his son) Akbar (his son)

Humayun came to throneHumayun came to throne Nasir –ud –din Muhammad Humayun Nasir –ud –din Muhammad Humayun

was the eldest son of the first Mughal was the eldest son of the first Mughal king Zahir–ud-din Muhammad Babur. king Zahir–ud-din Muhammad Babur. Babur was invited to India to defeat Babur was invited to India to defeat Ibrahim Lodi. After defeating Ibrahim Ibrahim Lodi. After defeating Ibrahim Lodi he decided to stay back in India Lodi he decided to stay back in India and rule .He made a strong position in and rule .He made a strong position in northern India .after his death his northern India .after his death his eldest son Nasir-ud-din Humayun eldest son Nasir-ud-din Humayun succeeded him .succeeded him .

Eligible KingEligible King Humayun learnt languages like Turkish, Arabic Humayun learnt languages like Turkish, Arabic

and Persian at a very young age .He helped his and Persian at a very young age .He helped his father in governance of the country. In AD 1520, father in governance of the country. In AD 1520, He was appointed as the governor of Badakshan He was appointed as the governor of Badakshan at a very young age of 12.He also participated in at a very young age of 12.He also participated in the Battle of Khanua. On the eve of 1526 he went the Battle of Khanua. On the eve of 1526 he went against Hamid Khan defeated him near against Hamid Khan defeated him near Hissar ,Firoza. In 1526 he got the districts of Hissar ,Firoza. In 1526 he got the districts of Hissar and Firoza and Sambhal. After The defeat Hissar and Firoza and Sambhal. After The defeat from Ibrahim Lodi, Babur sent Humayun to from Ibrahim Lodi, Babur sent Humayun to capture Agra which he did and got capture Agra which he did and got Koh-i-noor Koh-i-noor as a prize from his father. At Sambhal he fell ill in as a prize from his father. At Sambhal he fell ill in 1529 he was brought to Agra. Babur loved him 1529 he was brought to Agra. Babur loved him very much ,he prayed and went around very much ,he prayed and went around Humayun’s bed three times and got the illness of Humayun’s bed three times and got the illness of his on himself .Babur died and Humayun was his on himself .Babur died and Humayun was saved. Babur found Humayun most eligible and saved. Babur found Humayun most eligible and on his death bed declared Humayun the next on his death bed declared Humayun the next kingking..

A new kingA new kingBabur ruled for a short period of time and henceBabur ruled for a short period of time and hence

he could not consolidate his empire he established .he could not consolidate his empire he established .

Humayun was next king and he had to consolidate the empire Humayun was next king and he had to consolidate the empire but had to face many problemsbut had to face many problems

The administration had to be improved The administration had to be improved His brothers Kamran ,Hindal and Askari wanted the throne of His brothers Kamran ,Hindal and Askari wanted the throne of

Delhi. Humayun failed to gain the loyalty from his brothers . Delhi. Humayun failed to gain the loyalty from his brothers . Kamran, Hindal and Askari were his step brothers.Kamran, Hindal and Askari were his step brothers.

The empire was under threat from all sides .In the north the The empire was under threat from all sides .In the north the Rajputs ,in the east the Afghan king Sher Shah, in west Rajputs ,in the east the Afghan king Sher Shah, in west Bahadur Shah and rulers of Gujrat were waiting for an Bahadur Shah and rulers of Gujrat were waiting for an opportunity to attack Delhi. opportunity to attack Delhi.

Muhammad Zaman Mirza , his brother in law and Muhammad Muhammad Zaman Mirza , his brother in law and Muhammad Sultan Mirza his cousin revolted against him and helped his Sultan Mirza his cousin revolted against him and helped his enemies .enemies .

MistakesMistakesHumayun fought many battles but made Humayun fought many battles but made

mistakes also.mistakes also. Bahadur Shah was a constant threat to Bahadur Shah was a constant threat to

Humayun from west but Humayun was Humayun from west but Humayun was busy at Agra having fun and he wasted busy at Agra having fun and he wasted one and a half year in festivals and one and a half year in festivals and feasts. Due to this his treasury was feasts. Due to this his treasury was empty. empty.

In battle of Dauraha he defeated Afghans In battle of Dauraha he defeated Afghans and laid siege to the fort of Chunar and laid siege to the fort of Chunar instead of conquering it he allowed Sher instead of conquering it he allowed Sher Shah to keep it. Due to this mistake Sher Shah to keep it. Due to this mistake Sher Shah made a strong army and defeated Shah made a strong army and defeated him twice and ended his rule in India.him twice and ended his rule in India.

BattlesBattles

Humayun fought many battles some were profitable and Humayun fought many battles some were profitable and some led to great lose.some led to great lose.

Battle of DaurahaBattle of Dauraha (AD1532)- Humayun considered (AD1532)- Humayun considered the Afghan threat as the greatest and decided to deal the Afghan threat as the greatest and decided to deal with it first .He defeated Afghan forces at Dauraha.with it first .He defeated Afghan forces at Dauraha.

Battle of ChausaBattle of Chausa (AD 1539)-In June was fought the (AD 1539)-In June was fought the battle of Chausa in which Humayun was defeated .The battle of Chausa in which Humayun was defeated .The victory of Sher Shah made him the ruler of Bihar and victory of Sher Shah made him the ruler of Bihar and Bengal.Bengal.

Battle of KanaujBattle of Kanauj (AD 1540)-On May17 1540 when the (AD 1540)-On May17 1540 when the Mughals were shifting themselves to a higher Mughals were shifting themselves to a higher plain ,Sher Shah attacked them .The Mughals fought plain ,Sher Shah attacked them .The Mughals fought valiantly but were defeated .valiantly but were defeated .

Return and ExileReturn and ExileAfter the defeat from battle of Kanauj Humayun left After the defeat from battle of Kanauj Humayun left

for Persia and took refuge at the court of Shah for Persia and took refuge at the court of Shah Tahmasp . Tahmasp .

Humayun spent 15 in exile .Sher Shah died in AD Humayun spent 15 in exile .Sher Shah died in AD 1545 and was succeeded by weak 1545 and was succeeded by weak successors .Humayun taking its advantage came successors .Humayun taking its advantage came bake to India and regained his lost territories .He bake to India and regained his lost territories .He defeated Sher Shah’s successors, Persian rulers defeated Sher Shah’s successors, Persian rulers and Afghan forces .and Afghan forces .

But unfortunately died after one year while he was But unfortunately died after one year while he was coming down from the library his foot slipped from coming down from the library his foot slipped from the stairs and in this accident he diedthe stairs and in this accident he died..

Literary DevelopmentLiterary DevelopmentHumayun was found of poetry and had two Humayun was found of poetry and had two

famous Iranian poets in his court famous Iranian poets in his court Maulana Qasim Kani Maulana Qasim Kani andand Mir Abdol Latif Mir Abdol Latif Qazvini. Qazvini.

BiographyBiography – – Gulbadan Begum (one of Gulbadan Begum (one of Humayun’s sisters ) wrote the biography Humayun’s sisters ) wrote the biography of Humayun and named it Humayun-of Humayun and named it Humayun-nama .The original title of her work nama .The original title of her work is ;Ahwal Humayun Padshah Jamah is ;Ahwal Humayun Padshah Jamah Kardom. Gulbadan Begum also bind Kardom. Gulbadan Begum also bind Babur PadashahAmma and Akbar Babur PadashahAmma and Akbar Padshah.Padshah.

Architectural FeaturesArchitectural FeaturesHumayun made many beautiful buildings some Humayun made many beautiful buildings some

of his greatest architectural creation was of his greatest architectural creation was Din-Din-PanahPanah (refuge of religion ) Citadel ,also (refuge of religion ) Citadel ,also known as known as PuranaPurana QilaQila at Delhi . It was the at Delhi . It was the structure to use red sandstone at such a structure to use red sandstone at such a scale.scale.

Humayun’s tomb- was built by his wife Bega Humayun’s tomb- was built by his wife Bega Begum in mid 16Begum in mid 16thth century, this red sand century, this red sand stone structure is considered to be stone structure is considered to be predecessor of Taj Mahal. It was designed by predecessor of Taj Mahal. It was designed by Mirak Mirza GhiyathMirak Mirza Ghiyath a Persian architect .It a Persian architect .It was the first garden tomb on Indian was the first garden tomb on Indian subcontinent.subcontinent.

Humayun also built rest houses for travelers Humayun also built rest houses for travelers called called Nili ChattriNili Chattri

Humayun's Tomb Humayun's Tomb

Purana QilaPurana Qila

Military AdministrationMilitary Administration

Humayun fought many battles before and after he Humayun fought many battles before and after he became the king .He was the head of the army became the king .He was the head of the army and its commander-in-chief. All the government and its commander-in-chief. All the government officials were enrolled in the army and were officials were enrolled in the army and were commanders of a specified number of commanders of a specified number of horsemen. Army consisted of five branches of horsemen. Army consisted of five branches of infantry, cavalry , fire arms , elephants and war infantry, cavalry , fire arms , elephants and war boats .The cavalry was regarded as the flower of boats .The cavalry was regarded as the flower of the army . The firearms men consisted of the army . The firearms men consisted of gunners and musketeers .gunners and musketeers .

Over all he was a very good military Over all he was a very good military administrator.administrator.

Cultural DevelopmentCultural Development Humayun converted the Sher Shah Mandal it was Humayun converted the Sher Shah Mandal it was

built by Sher Shah which was a two storied built by Sher Shah which was a two storied tower in red sandstone into his library , again an tower in red sandstone into his library , again an ill fated because he slipped to his death from the ill fated because he slipped to his death from the stairs .stairs .

Coins-There were silver coins called ‘Coins-There were silver coins called ‘shahrukhsshahrukhs’. ’. On the alternative side of the coin enclosed the On the alternative side of the coin enclosed the ‘‘kalimakalima’ with the names of four ’ with the names of four ‘khalifas’.‘khalifas’. The The reverse side of the coin included the king’s name reverse side of the coin included the king’s name and in the margin were his titles along with the and in the margin were his titles along with the name of the mint and the date . On coins of name of the mint and the date . On coins of Humayun the name Humayun the name Muhammad Humayun Muhammad Humayun Badshah GhaziBadshah Ghazi was used . He had issued some was used . He had issued some heavier silver coins that was termed as a rupee. heavier silver coins that was termed as a rupee.

Personal TraitsPersonal Traits Humayun was a peaceful man his brothers Humayun was a peaceful man his brothers

were mean but he never said them were mean but he never said them anything.anything.

Humayun was deeply superstitious and Humayun was deeply superstitious and fascinated by astrology , mathematics and fascinated by astrology , mathematics and the occult . His daily routine was planned the occult . His daily routine was planned in accordance with the movement of in accordance with the movement of planets, so to his wardrobe. He refused to planets, so to his wardrobe. He refused to enter a house with his left foot going enter a house with his left foot going forward ,and if anyone else came inside forward ,and if anyone else came inside with his/her left foot they were told to with his/her left foot they were told to leave and re-enter.leave and re-enter.

Made by – Sukhan ,Kitendeep, Anmol, Puneet Made by – Sukhan ,Kitendeep, Anmol, Puneet Raj and Chirag.Raj and Chirag.

SOURCESOURCEWEBSITESWEBSITES http://www.indiasite.com/delhi/history/humayun.htmlhttp://www.indiasite.com/delhi/history/humayun.html http://www.historytution.com/medivieal_india/mughal http://www.historytution.com/medivieal_india/mughal http://www.boloji.com/history/029.htmlhttp://www.boloji.com/history/029.html

http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttp://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayun http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayun’s_Tombhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayun’s_Tomb http://book.google.co.in/books?http://book.google.co.in/books?

id=HddcCdgDWEC&pg=PA362&dg=administration+undeid=HddcCdgDWEC&pg=PA362&dg=administration+under+humayun#v=onepage&q=administration%20underr+humayun#v=onepage&q=administration%20under%20humayun&F=false%20humayun&F=false

http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/humayunhttp://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/humayun

BooksBooks Medieval History of India 1000-1707AD by L.P.SharmaMedieval History of India 1000-1707AD by L.P.Sharma The Mughals in India The Mughals in India