Guided Reading Questions: Rise of Russian Empire through the Cold War Name: _______________________

1. Timeline Activity pp. 2-3 2. Video Activity pp. 4-7 3. Guided Reading Questions Activity Page 8

Big History Question: How did early Russia become an Empire and how did it change to the socialist/communist Soviet Union over time leading to the Cold War with the United States?AP PERIOD 3: 600-1450 EUROPE REGIONALIZEDCHAPTER 11 CHRSITIAN SOCIETIES EMERGE IN EUROPE, 600-1200 CELESSON 4, KIEVAN RUSSIA, 900-122 CE 11-4 P. 283-285Discussion Questions: What were the roles of the Varangian, Vladimir I, and the Byzantine Empire in the rise of the Kievan state? How did differences in the environment, and especially the distribution of natural resources, affect the development of the civilizations of Russia?CHAPTER 13 MONGOL EURASIA AND ITS AFTERMATH 1200-1500 CELESSON 3, REGIONAL RESPONSES IN WESTERN EURASIA, 900-122 CE 13-3 P. 330-331Discussion Questions: What were effects of Mongol rule on Russia? What effects did the Mongols have on the lands that lay on the periphery of their territories near Russia?AP PERIOD 4: 1450-1750 EXCHANGE & EXPLORATIONCHAPTER 17 TRANSFORMATIONS IN EUROPE, 1500-1750LESSON 2, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LIFE 17-2 P. 34-439Discussion Questions: How did Europe’s social and economic order, during the Industrial Revolution, demonstrate a growing divide between the growing middle class known as the Bourgeoisie and the poor (later called the proletariat by Karl Marx)?CHAPTER 20 BETWEEN EUROPE AND CHINALESSON 4, THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE 20-4 P. 522-525Discussion Questions: How did Peter I “The Great” influence the development of Russia as an empire?AP PERIOD 5: 1750-1900 INDUSTRIALIZATION AND REVOLUTIONSCHAPTER 22 THE EARLY INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1760-1851 CELESSON 4, NEW ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL IDEAS 22-4 P. 576-578Discussion Questions: How did industrial political and economic ideologies of Europe develop and why did they develop differently to each other? (Capitalism v. Socialism)CHAPTER 24 LAND EMPIRES IN THE AGE OF IMPERIALISM 1800-1870LESSON 1 C, THE CRIMEAN WAR AND ITS AFTERMATH 24-1 C PP. 617-618LESSON 2, THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE 24-2 P. 619-622Discussion Questions: What affect did the Crimean War have on the expansion of Russia? How the Russian Empire maintained its status as both a European power and a Great Asian land empire? How did most Western European governments view Russia? How did Russians see themselves?CHAPTER 27 THE NEW POWER BALANCE 1850-1900LESSON 3, SOCIALISM AN DLABOR MOVEMENTS 27-3 P. 708-709Discussion Questions: How was socialism, by lower socio-economic classes, vied as a juxtaposition to Western capitalism’s influence on class struggle? Who was Karl Marx and what were his beliefs about class struggle?AP PERIOD 6: 1900-PRESENT CONFLICTS AND COMMUNISMCHAPTER 28 THE CRISES OF THE IMPERIAL ORDER 1900-1929 CELESSON 2D, DOUBLE REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA 28-2D P. 735LESSON 3C, RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR AND THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY 28-3C P. 738Discussion Questions: What were the causes and significance of the Russian Revolutions and Lenin’s policies in the Soviet Union? Based on the events of 1914–1917, should Russia ever have been considered a “great power?”CHAPTER 29 THE COLLAPSE OF THE OLD ORDER 1929-1949LESSON 1, THE STALIN REVOLUTION 29-1 P. 752-753Discussion Questions: How did the Stalinist Revolution and Stalin’s strategy for achieving rapid industrialization take a toll on humans? How did it give a false sense of prosperity during the Great Depression while other nations were suffering?CHAPTER 31 THE COLD WAR AND DECOLONIZATIONLESSON 1, THE COLD WAR 31-1 P. 810-823Discussion Questions: What were the causes of the Cold War and its political and economic consequences for Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the two superpowers?CHAPTER 32 THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND THE CHALLENGE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND IMMIGRATION 1975-2000LESSON 2 A,B,C, THE END OF THE BIPOLAR WORLD 32-2 P. 845-847Discussion Questions: What were the reasons for and significance of the collapse of the Cold War and/or bipolar system?

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From the PowerPoint Timelines, write all things Russia & Socialism Here

Instructions: Use the PowerPoint on moesplace.us to write all things Russia, Rise of the Russian Empire, Russian Revolutions and Rise of Socialism and the Communist Party, Russia during the Great Wars, and the Cold War. All facts in RED must be copied on the timeline below and in the correct order. Make sure you write them in the correct time period!!! Conduct your own research on Russia during each of the four time periods below and write down other events concerning Russia that are NOT on the PowerPoint. Your grade will be based upon coping ALL red items from the PowerPoint (50 points) and at least ONE additional fact per time period for a total of FOUR FACTS about Russia (50 additional points). You may add additional facts about Russia above the minimum of four for extra points. Turn in to the Librarian before you leave!!!

AP PERIOD 3: 600-1450 EUROPE REGIONALIZEDRED FACTS FROM POWERPOINT HERE:

Extra Research Facts NOT from the RED ones on the PowerPoint Here:

AP PERIOD 4: 1450-1750 EXCHANGE & EXPLORATIONRED FACTS FROM POWERPOINT HERE:

Extra Research Facts NOT from the RED ones on the PowerPoint Here:

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AP PERIOD 5: 1750-1900 INDUSTRIALIZATION AND REVOLUTIONSRED FACTS FROM POWERPOINT HERE:

Extra Research Facts NOT from the RED ones on the PowerPoint Here:

AP PERIOD 6: 1900-PRESENT CONFLICTS AND COMMUNISMRED FACTS FROM POWERPOINT HERE:

Extra Research Facts NOT from the RED ones on the PowerPoint Here:

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History Documentary BBC ❖ Russia - Documentary 2016 on How the Russian Empire was built

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9X79RYuG8Zw&t=1619s

Russian Origins:Who was the Russian empire forged by?

How does Ivan III gain power to become the “land of the Tsars?”

Who was the Varangian Viking warrior who first ruled over the Kievan Russ?

What fort was built in 1474?

In 1462, who wanted to rule over the Tatars and what become his name?

What Empire does he marry into and what symbol does he adopt and declare that Russia was?

What structure does Ivan III want to build by has trouble?

At what river would the Tatars finally be defeated by the Russians?

What does Ivan become?

Who would replace Ivan III?

How does the Russian Empire grow under Ivan III’s grandson? What was his nickname?

What kind of childhood did he have?

What did he believe about his rule of Russia? What does the word Tsar mean in Russian?

In 1552, what does Ivan IV do?

What event finally solidifies the Russian Empire? In which directions would the empire expand?

What cathedral is erected to symbolize Russian power and influence as a Christian Empire? What does it symbolize?

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What does the Onion Dome represent?

What did his paranoia cause to Ivan IV’s rule over Russia?

What happened to Russia after he lost power?

1696 a New Tsar takes over:

Who was the successor to Ivan IV? What kind of leader was he?

How did he want to rebuild Russia and create a force that would compete with Western Europe?

What city did he build and for what purpose? Who did it belong to and how did he conquer the land?

What was the new strategic capital of Russia be like? What were the environment problems the city faced?

Who and how would St. Petersburg be built? By 1708, how many laborers die and what would it be nicknamed?

How did Peter view the deaths in building the city?

What would the city become and what would it give to Russia as a military? In 1712, what does Peter do?

How did Russians view Peter?

End Day 1 = 27:25

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How did Peter the Great transform Russia into becoming a world industrial power?

Politically and militarily, what did Russia become under Peter’s leadership? (Teacher stop and show map of empire and how it starts at the Northern shores of the Black Sea. Reinforce the connection to the Byzantine Empire and how they felt that was a connection to trade with the Middle East and Western Europe.)

What did it lack to compete with western nations of Europe?

In 1714, what did Peter want to build?

What were the fountains dubbed?

What happened to Peter in 1725?

Who would complete St. Petersburg? How does she come to power?

What process did she complete? What did she do to expand the empire? For what purpose?

How would she help the poor of Russia?

What renovation project would she pursue? What did she spearhead and what would her project renovations accomplish?

What was Russia by the end of Catherine’s Reign in 1796?

By 1812, who was Europe’s most ambitious general that threatened Russia?

What would Tsar Alexander I face in 1812 since Mongol invasion?

What strategy did the Russians use to defeat the French army during a very harsh winter? How many French survived?

In 1883, what commemorated Alexander I?

How far did Russian territory extend by the turn of the 20th Century (1900)?

Who was the next Tsar that would lead Russia into World War I? Where did he feel that Russia’s future lay?

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What public works project would turn into an imperial network to move troops and equipment to connect the western part of Russia to the Eastern part? What was it noted for on a world-wide basis?

Why was it initially built? By 1904, who did the project put into conflict with? What was the name of the war?

What war did Russia enter by 1914? What would it do to the population of Russia? What did the people do on March 15th, 1917?

Next Video: Kahn Academy - Overview of the Bolshevik Revolution.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJuBX1p0Gys

Which family dynasty ruled Russia from the 1600’s?

What did the working class refer to themselves as and where does the term come from?

Who was the Russian Orthodox Priest that lead a protest in St. Petersburg? (Father Georgy Gapon)

What is the attack on peaceful protesters called in January of 1905? What is the outcome of the Revolution of 1905?

What does the Tsar create to give people a voice? How did Nicholas feel about it?

When Nicholas goes off to war, who takes over leadership and who manipulated her?

What happens by March 1917? What is it called? What kind of government takes control?

What do workers form and what is it called? What are they able to do by October of 1917 and what political party do they ally with?

Who is in control of the political party? What is the name of the revolution? Who is NOT happy?

What does the revolution spark from 1917 to 1922? Who is the victor and what s their army color?

What does the victory of Lenin’s army signify the beginning of? What does Lenin become?

In 1924, who follows Lenin? What is the outcome of Tsar Nicholas’ family?

Disney’s Anastasia 1997: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCpOqKQ2qgANational Geographic’s The Last Days of the Romanovs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrqZ93r7lzk End Day 2

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Guided Reading Questions: Russian Empire to the Cold War

Instructions: Complete the guided reading questions and the discussion questions after each lesson from the textbook.

AP PERIOD 3: 600-1450 EUROPE REGIONALIZED

CHAPTER 11 CHRSITIAN SOCIETIES EMERGE IN EUROPE, 600-1200 CELESSON 4, KIEVAN RUSSIA, 900-122 CE 11-4 P. 283-285Objective: Understand the respective roles of the Varangians, Vladimir I, and the Byzantine Empire in the rise of the Kievan state.

I. Kievan Russia, 900–1200

A. The Rise of the Kievan Empire1. Russia includes territory to what two seas in the south and what two seas in the north? What ecological

zones run from east to west and are crossed by many navigable rivers?

2. How was Russia’s early history impacted by different language and ethnic groups from century to century? Which group emerged as a general settlement pattern from the east? From the north? From the south?

3. What linked forest dwellers, steppe nomads, and famers to each other? What road linked long distance caravan trade to Russia? Who were active traders along rivers and were ancient ancestors of land Vikings? Who built trading kingdoms at the mouth of the Volga River?

4. Who were the Rus and who ruled them? What were their two most important trading cities?

5. Who became the Grand Prince of Kievan Russia in 980? What religion did he choose as the state religion and what culture did he imitate from the south of the Black Sea?

6. What structures, did the Grand Prince, copy from the Byzantines in Constantinople? What language did he adopt from St. Cyril and St. Methodius as the official Russian language? How did he build a trading empire and what did trade consist of?

6. What two factors led to the decline of Kievan Russia after 1100?

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B. Society and Culture1. What were the many reasons that the Western European manorial agricultural system never developed in

Russia? Because political power did not rely on landholding like in Western Europe, what did it rely on?

2. How did the cities of Kiev and Novgorod compare to Constantinople, the capital city of the Byzantine Empire and to other large Muslim cities? What was the social hierarchy of craftspeople, artisans, and peasants in urban areas like Kiev and Novgorod?

3. What affect did pagan customs and polygamy until the late 12th century do to the spread and growth of Christianity? How did Christianity finally triumph in Russia? What roles of the Christian church, in Russia, made it more powerful for the benefit of the state?

Discussion Questions from Chapter 11:

What were the roles of the Varangian, Vladimir I, and the Byzantine Empire in the rise of the Kievan state?

How did differences in the environment, and especially the distribution of natural resources, affect the development of the civilizations of Russia?

CHAPTER 13 MONGOL EURASIA AND ITS AFTERMATH 1200-1500 CELesson 3, Regional responses in western Eurasia, 900-122 CE 13-3 p. 330-331Objective: What long term impact did the Mongols leave on the culture and political developments of the Russians?

II. Regional Responses in Western Eurasia

A. Russia and Rule from Afar1. Who defeated the Kievan Rus and made their capital at the mouth of the Volga River? What kind of

trade route ended at this place? How did the Mongols rule far away territories and which two institutions did they leave in place as ruling agents? What was the main goal of the Mongols over their territories of conquest?

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2a. Who was the prince of Novgorod and how did he assist the Mongols in Russia? Who and where did the Mongols favor for rule and administration over Russia? What did the invasion of Ukraine cause the Russian population to shift to? What city emerged as a result of the shift as the new center of Russian civilization?

2b. Who was the prince of Moscow that established autocratic rule over Russia and used the title tsar but not officially? (BTW, he will eventually oust the Mongols at the Ugra River in the east.) Where was the only places the title tsar used prior to his autocratic rule? What the term Tsar mean and what is its origin? (The term was, from the time of the fall of the Byzantine Empire at the hands of the Ottoman Turks in 1453, now used to legitimize the use of it in Russia.)

3. Do you believe that Mongol domination had a negative effect on Russia or a positive effect? Why?

Discussion Questions from Chapter 13:

What were effects of Mongol rule on Russia?

What effects did the Mongols have on the lands of Russia proper and the lay of the periphery of its territories near Russia proper?

AP Period 4: 1450-1750 exchange & exploration

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Social and Economic LifeB. The Bourgeoisie

1. How did industrialization affect MOST European cities especially the cities of Paris and London? (From the BBC video: How did Russian Tars attempt to make Russia industrialized in order to be part of European growth and development to compete with Western Europe?)

2. Who thrived on profitable manufacturing, finance, and trade ventures in Western Europe? (Hint: A French term adapted today as Boujee) From the BBC video, how did social classes develop differently in Western Europe from Russian social classes? (In other words, to what class did MOST Russians belong to and did they have the opportunity to be as socially mobile a Western European poor and middle class.)

3. What city, in Western Europe, exemplified the power of the seventeenth-century bourgeoisie? What major seaport existed in this city? (How did Russia’s access to warm-water seaports compare to those in Western Europe? Please explain.)

4. How did the Western European bourgeoisie benefit from a relationship between monarchs?

5. What modern capitalist instruments for profit and accumulation of capital (wealth, land, and money) would develop from the relationships between merchants and governments? What government investments would Western European governments invest in to build European economies? (Using the BBC video, how would Russia view Western European economic, political, and social development as a threat to their own growth?)

6. How did the Anglo-Dutch wars demonstrate the growing importance of trade in international affairs? (From the BBC video, how did Russia attempt to get involved in international affairs and trade? Hint: St. Petersburg.)

7. How did a growing bourgeois class, in Western Europe, enter the ranks of nobility? (From the BBC video, how did social classes prevent serfs from entering Russian nobility? Did Russia have a growing bourgeoisie class due to industrialization like in Western Europe?)

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AP PERIOD 4: 1450-1750 EXCHANGE & EXPLORATION

CHAPTER 17 TRANSFORMATIONS IN EUROPE, 1500-1750LESSON 2, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LIFE 17-2 P. 34-439Objective : What impact did social changes in Europe have on Russian Imperial development during the age of industrialism?

C. Peasants and Laborers1. What were the causes of a decline of serfdom in Western Europe and an increase of it in Eastern Europe?

2. Who greatly contributed to the economies in the Americas and Europe? (From the BBC video, how did labor increasingly fall on the backs of Russian serfs? Hint: Think Tsarist Russian monumental structures, cities, and national infrastructure)

3. The condition of the poor in Western Europe may have declined due to industrialization between 1500 and 1700, but what other natural environmental cycle also contributed?

4. What helped Eastern European peasants avoid starvation during the Little Ice Age?

5. What natural resources were being consumed by the Industrial Revolution faster than the rate of depletion? What economic affect did diminishing resource do to prices?

6. What replaced wood as a source of steam power for naval vessels?

7. What were Western people and authorities views of “deserving poor” and “unworthy poor?” Who were the deserving poor in society? What two factors consistently contributed to and triggered rebellions in Europe?

D. Women and the Family1. What was the status of women closely tied to?

2. Why did younger men in common societies delay getting married during the Industrial Revolution? Why did younger women delay marriage? What did a delay in marriage enable young couples to be independent from? What happened to Europe’s birth rate as a result of delayed marriages during the Industrial Revolution?

Discussion Questions: How did Europe’s social and economic order, during the Industrial Revolution, demonstrate a growing divide between the growing middle class known as the Bourgeoisie and the poor (later called the proletariat by Karl Marx)?

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The Russian Empire, 1500–1725A. The Drive Across Northern Asia

1a. Which city was the Russian state moved to and became the foundation for a new Muscovy capital after the dissolution of Mongol power? Which two city-states (one to the South today in modern Ukraine & the other to the North still in Russia near St. Petersburg that are considered part of Eastern Europe and lead to warm water ports) were absorbed by the new Muscovy state and were part of the former Kievan state? In the east, which two Mongol khanates did the Muscovy state conquer?

1b. Who was the Muscovite ruler, known as “the Terrible,” and officially took the title of Russian tsar in 1547 and called the new Muscovy state the “third Rome?”

2. In which geographic direction was the natural direction for Russian expansion and into what baron land? Which Mongol Khanate lay in this natural direction for Russian expansion? What was the land to the east of Muscovy economically and socially valued for?

3. Which civilized people did the Russians meet in eastern expansion at the Amur River Valley east of Mongolia?

B. Russian Society and Politics to 17251. How did Russian expansion create diversity among its peoples, culture, and religions and what impact

would it have on tensions within its imperial boundaries?

2. Who were the Cossacks?

3. How did they maintain a high degree of autonomy despite the fact that they performed important services for the Russian Empire?

4. Who were the Russian aristocracy? Who threatened Russia from Western Europe? What was the “Time of Troubles?” Who became Russian Tsar in 1613 and consolidated authority with territorial expansion to the east and defended Russia from the West?

5. Which class’ freedom fell with the rise of the Romanov family?

6. In 1649 who was transformed in serfs legally?13

CHAPTER 20 BETWEEN EUROPE AND CHINALESSON 4, THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE 20-4 P. 522-525

C. Peter the Great1. Add more information in the list below concerning Peter the Great’s (1689-1725)

accomplishments/purposes/intentions with the following:a. The Ottomans

b. Seeking warm water ports for Russia

c. liberating Constantinople (today Istanbul)

d. Travels by Peter, to the West, in disguise

e. The Great Northern War

f. Trade route north of Europe between Russia and Northern and coastal Europe

2. Continue the list from above:g. New Capital city

h. Breaking the power of the Boyars

3. Continue the list on Peter’s accomplishments and intentions for Russia:

i. Development of Russian technology and culture to complete with Western Europe

j. Strengthenin autocratic power

k. Push-back on political liberalization that was taking place in the West

l. Control of Russian Orthodox leadership

m. Building of industrial economy and infrastructure to serve the military

n. Shifting of taxes and labor to serfs

o. AND, most of all his absolutist style being compared to Muslim rulers rather than Western European rulers (Remember, I keep reminding you of the influence of Muslim civilization on the Byzantine Empire and then finally making its way to Christian Russia!!!)

Discussion Questions: How did Peter I “The Great” influence the development of Russia as an empire?

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AP Period 5: 1750-1900 Industrialization and Revolutions

III. New Economic and Political IdeasA. Laissez Faire and Its Critics

1. Who was the most famous proponent of laissez-faire economics? What is laissez-faire economics and how is it a capitalist ideology? What did Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo argue about poverty of the working class? According to Malthus and Ricardo, how should the problem be handled? Which social class welcomed the idea of laissez faire economics?

2. Who were the critics of laissez faire economics and where were they from? According to the English and German philosophers, who is best suited to manage the economy and address social problems?

3. Which two philosophers developed the philosophy of positivism? What does the philosophy of positive argue?

4. Who wrote the Communist Manifesto? How was it the most influential critic of industrial capitalism? What was the basic premise of communism and class struggle according to both Germans authors? Who were the proletariat? Review: Who were the bourgeoisie? If class struggle, and the gap between the rich and the poor continued to grow unchecked, what would happen, according to the manifesto, between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie and what would it lead to?

B.Protests and Reforms1. How did workers respond to harsh working conditions during industrialization? (This might help:

Friday, March 8, 15 teachers out at Bell and 10 out at Trenton. Ha, ha just a funny.) Be sure to list ALL four responses. What did workers gradually create, beyond the stage of individual action, to protest and resist collectively?

2. What did mass movements and protests cause the British government to investigate? What were the ameliorative (reform or make better) legislative acts passed by the British Parliament and what were the intentions of the laws? What started to spread throughout Europe by 1848 due to worker discontent? (Third and broader French revolution, 1848, that spread to multiple parts of Europe as a proletariat/bourgeois industrial movement and sometimes called the February Revolution. The first French Revolution started in 1789, same year as U.S. Constitution, and led to the Storming of the Bastille, Reign of Terror by Robespierre, the Tennis Court Oath, the beheading of King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette, and the eventual signing of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. In 1795, Napoleon becomes dictator. The second revolution was the July Revolution of 1830, and the deposition of Bourbon (Legitimist) Constitutional Monarchist Charles X and replaced by the House of Orleans Monarch Louis Phillipe the Duke of Orleans who restored popular sovereignty to the people. Bonaparte abdicated his throne in 1814 when the Congress of Vienna established the “Concert of Europe” which redrew national lines of Europe. The Congress of Vienna was attended by many European countries but the four main were Russia, Britain, Austria, and Prussia while Talleyrand from France was invited only to establish original boundaries of France before Napoleon.)

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CHAPTER 22 THE EARLY INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1760-1851 CELESSON 4, NEW ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL IDEAS 22-4 P. 576-578

Discussion Questions: How did industrial political and economic ideologies of Europe develop and why did they develop differently to each other? (Capitalism v. Socialism)

IV. The Ottoman Empire (Review from Colonization of Africa Lesson)A. Egypt and the Napoleonic Example

1. What happened in Egypt between Napoleon and Mamluk in 1789? After his return to France, what had Napoleon declared?

2. Where did Muhammad Ali withdraw to as a result of European military pressure? (Still disputed territory between Israel and Egypt today.)

B. Ottoman Reform and the European Model, 1807–18531. At the end of the eighteenth century, what reforms did Sultan Selim III introduce in the Ottoman Empire?

How did the Janissaries (Young Christian converts to Islam) and Ulama (Sunni learned and scholars of Islam) respond to the reforms?

2. Who revolted in Serbia in 1805? How did the defeat of the Janissaries affect the independence of Serbia from the Ottoman Empire?

3. What did Selim do to his reforms program in 1806? What happened in Istanbul to Selim?

4. Who else gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830 and was assisted by Britain, France, and Russia? (Regarded as a victory of the European [Christian] civilization against Islam.)

C. The Crimean War and Its Aftermath (Russia advanced Southward)1. What was did Russia’s expansion southward lead to against the Ottomans? What did an alliance between

Britain, France, and the Ottomans do to Russian Expansionism into Eastern Europe and the Middle East?

2. What were the changes to the Russian government as a result of the Crimean War? What propaganda campaigns did Britain and France pursue? What did the French press convince the public of regarding France and Turkey?

3. What happened to the nature of warfare as a result of the Crimean War? What were the new technological changes that resulted from the transition from traditional warfare to modern warfare inventions?

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CHAPTER 24 LAND EMPIRES IN THE AGE OF IMPERIALISM 1800-1870LESSON 1 C, THE CRIMEAN WAR AND ITS AFTERMATH 24-1 C PP. 617-618LESSON 2, THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE 24-2 P. 619-622

4. How did the Crimean War contribute to increased financial and commercial interest of the Ottomans based on the European model? Although the Ottomans experienced increased trade, commercial development, and urbanization, what were they still dependent on because of its financial fiscal problems?

5. As Ottoman power declined, a younger liberal minded group (sometimes called the “Young Turks”) started to demand constitutionalism based on liberal European reform. What new state was created as a result in the place of the Ottoman Empire? What was granted in 1876 to this new state? What hostilities were renewed as a result and with which conservative European power? (If you are interested in a different type of news from mainstream media news, try “The Young Turks.” It is a news program I used to use with my AP Government classes several years ago before it became an American young phenomena movement as America moved left after the “Great Recession” of 2017. Once again, Morello was ahead of the curve!!! It does not have the following, today, that it once had as American has moved to right once again over the last few yearsjh. I predict it will become popular once again after the 2020 election as we near economic uncertainty again!!! Remember the Front Line Article on Bubbles.)

Sample News Clip on Corruption and Money in Politics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPEZ8QiBnbo

V. The Russian EmpireA. Russia and Europe

1. What was Russian social/cultural life based upon for ONLY 3% of Russians and what was the modernization or Russia’s infrastructure and forms of transportation like as compared to Western Europe by 1700?

2. What prevented real Western-style economic development for Russia?

3. What were the commonalities of Russia to other European nations? Who did their commonalities differ from those of the Ottoman Empire?

4. Who debated the proper course for Russian development? (two groups) How did Pan-Slavism promote and advocate militant unity of all Slavic peoples?

5. How did Russophobia in the West counter the inclusion of Russia in diplomacy with other great powers of Western Europe?

B. Russia and Asia1. By the end of the eighteenth century, how far did Russian expansionism go toward the Pacific Ocean and

China? By the nineteenth century, where did Russia continue to expand and what nations did it encounter causing conflict?

2. Who served as a buffer between Russia interest in Central Asia and British interest in India and South Asia?

C. Cultural Trends1. For how long did Russia have contact with Europe in the seventeenth century?

2. What were the reforms of Alexander I and why were the reforms more important on paper than in practice?

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3. Why did wealthy Russian families fear reform? When and under whose reign would their fears be realized?

4. Who were the Decembrists? Why did they revolt after the death of Alexander I that would last for three decades?

5. What were the penalties imposed on Russia from the treaty that ended the Crimean War? Who was called upon to implement major reforms?

6. What happened to reforms under his leadership? What was his most notable reform in 1861?

7. How did Russian scholarship, science, literature, and education advance during the nineteenth century to compete with Western Europe?

Discussion Questions: What affect did the Crimean War have on the expansion of Russia? How did the Russian Empire maintain its status as both a European power and a Great Asian land empire? How did most Western European governments view Russia? How did Russians see themselves?

VI. Socialism and Labor MovementsA. Revolutionary Alternatives

1. __________________________ began as an intellectual movement. The best-known socialist was __________________________________ (1818–1883) who wrote the ______________________________________ (1848) and ___________________________ (1867).

2. Marx saw history as a long series of _______________________ between social classes. The latest iteration of this, in his judgment, was the struggle between the new ______________________________ and the ______________________________.

3. Marx’s theories provided an intellectual framework for general dissatisfaction with unregulated industrial ______________________________, but there were those, like the ___________________________

Bakunin, who argued for immediate, violent revolution.B. Labor Unions and Movements

1. ______________________________ were organizations formed by industrial workers to defend their interests in negotiations with employers. Labor unions developed from the workers’ “____________________________________” of the early nineteenth century and sought better ___________________, improved _______________________ conditions, and insurance for workers.

2. During the nineteenth century, workers were brought into electoral politics as the right to vote was extended to all ___________________________ in Europe and North America. Instead of seeking the violent overthrow of the __________________________________ class, socialists used their voting power to force ________________________________ from the government and even to win elections.

3. Working-class women had little time for politics and were not welcome in the male-dominated ______________________________ or in the radical ________________________________. The few women who did participate in radical politics found it difficult to reconcile the demands of workers with those of women.

clashes capitalism anarchistwealthy few working Karl Marxpolitical parties Socialism bourgeoisCommunist Manifesto concessions Das KapitalLabor unions industrial working class friendly societieswages adult males trade unions

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CHAPTER 27 THE NEW POWER BALANCE 1850-1900LESSON 3, SOCIALISM AN DLABOR MOVEMENTS 27-3 P. 708-709

Discussion Questions: How was socialism, by lower socio-economic classes, vied as a juxtaposition to Western capitalism’s influence on class struggle? Who was Karl Marx and what were his beliefs about class struggle?

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