33

1.1 History of Computers – 1.1 History of Computers – 1950’s1950’s

1950

19551952

44

IBM Disk - 1957

UNIVAC I - 1951Princeton University – IAS ComputerIBM 350 RAMAC

History of Computers – 1950’sHistory of Computers – 1950’s Delivered to the Census Delivered to the Census

Bureau in 1951 Bureau in 1951

Weighed 8 tons & used Weighed 8 tons & used 5,0005,000 vacuum tubes vacuum tubes

Performed about 1,000 Performed about 1,000 IPS.IPS.

11stst commercial computer commercial computer && 1 1stst computer designed for computer designed for business use. business use.

UNIVAC slower than IAS-UNIVAC slower than IAS-typetype machines, but were machines, but were designeddesigned for fast input and output for fast input and output

1954 - 11954 - 1stst UNIVAC for UNIVAC for business;business; Payroll at General Payroll at General ElectricElectric Appliances. Appliances.

1952 - Cost $300K, 1952 - Cost $300K, optimized for scientific optimized for scientific calculation.calculation.

2,300 miniature vacuum 2,300 miniature vacuum tubes.tubes.Built to do the massive Built to do the massive calculations needed in calculations needed in meteorology, astronomymeteorology, astronomy

Its first problem, for Los Its first problem, for Los Alamos, took sixty days, 24 Alamos, took sixty days, 24 hours/day! hours/day!

The computer opened up The computer opened up new fields to mathematical new fields to mathematical analysisanalysis

1952 - Cost $300K, 1952 - Cost $300K, optimized for scientific optimized for scientific calculation.calculation.

2,300 miniature vacuum 2,300 miniature vacuum tubes.tubes.Built to do the massive Built to do the massive calculations needed in calculations needed in meteorology, astronomymeteorology, astronomy

Its first problem, for Los Its first problem, for Los Alamos, took sixty days, Alamos, took sixty days, 24 hours/day! 24 hours/day!

The computer opened up The computer opened up new fields to mathematical new fields to mathematical analysisanalysis

55

History of Computers: PrintersHistory of Computers: Printers

1953

Univac High Speed Line Printer600 lines/minute

COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES Manufacturer Monthly

Cost Rental Card System 80 or 90 Column 1 Central Processor $234,215 $4,685 1 Read-Punch Unit 48,650 975 1 Card Reader 15,290 305 1 Printer on-line 49,345 985 1 Printer Off-Line 195,000 3,500 Tape-Card System 1 Card Punching Printer 125,000 2,700

1 Printer Off-Line 195,000 3,500

66

History of Computers – History of Computers – Data Data StorageStorage

Jacquard LoomJacquard Loom

Joseph Marie Jacquard Joseph Marie Jacquard (1801)(1801)

Punch cards controlledPunch cards controlledweave pattern…weave pattern…

Each hole = 1 hookEach hole = 1 hook Up or DownUp or Down

Allowed a controlled Allowed a controlled sequence of operationssequence of operations

Precursor to computer Precursor to computer programmingprogramming

77

1.1 History of Computers – 1960’s1.1 History of Computers – 1960’s1960 1961

1965

1969

88

1967 – IBM 360

IBM “Stretch” - 1961

IBM 360 - 1964

1.1 History of Computers – 1960’s1.1 History of Computers – 1960’s

Mainframe Computer

99

PDP-8 reshaped the PDP-8 reshaped the industry by selling over industry by selling over 40,000 units. 40,000 units.

Eventually over 200 Eventually over 200 companies produced companies produced minicomputers. minicomputers.

DEC retained market DEC retained market leadership thru the 90’s leadership thru the 90’s with the VAX 11/780 with the VAX 11/780 (1978) system, which (1978) system, which became one of the best-became one of the best-selling and most selling and most influential computers of influential computers of all time.all time.

Speed: .33 MIPSSpeed: .33 MIPS

667,000 Add/second667,000 Add/second

Memory Size: 4KMemory Size: 4K

Cost: $18,000Cost: $18,000

1964 - CDC 6600Seymour

Cray

1.1 History of Computers – 1960’s1.1 History of Computers – 1960’s

1965DEC PDP-8

Introduced in 1964, the CDC Introduced in 1964, the CDC 6600 was the fastest machine 6600 was the fastest machine in the world.in the world.

Designed by Seymour Cray, Designed by Seymour Cray, the 6600 remained the fastest the 6600 remained the fastest machine for five years, until machine for five years, until Cray produced his next Cray produced his next supercomputer, the 7600. supercomputer, the 7600.

Architecture of the 6600 Architecture of the 6600 included one 60-bit central included one 60-bit central processor with multiple processor with multiple functional units that executed functional units that executed in parallel. in parallel.

The machine was Freon The machine was Freon cooled. cooled.

Speed: 10 MFLOPS, 3 MIPSSpeed: 10 MFLOPS, 3 MIPS

Memory Size: 64K+2MMemory Size: 64K+2M

Cost:$10,000,000Cost:$10,000,000

Memory Width:(60-bit)Memory Width:(60-bit)

1010

History of Computers – History of Computers – Data Data StorageStorage

Card Readers

1111

History of Computers – History of Computers – NetworkingNetworking

Arpanet - 1969

1212

1973

1.1 History of Computers – 1.1 History of Computers – 1970’s1970’s

19711972

19771979

1313DECSystem 10

Cray Supercomputer

1.1 History of Computers – 1.1 History of Computers – 1970’s1970’s

1975 - MITS Altair PC

First PC widely adoptedFirst PC widely adopted

Built from KitBuilt from Kit

Speed: 14 HzSpeed: 14 Hz

Memory Size: 256 BytesMemory Size: 256 Bytes

Cost: $440Cost: $440

2000 sold in 19752000 sold in 1975

1414

1.1 History of Computers – 1.1 History of Computers – 1970’s1970’s

Steve Jobs Steve Wozniak

1515

1.1 History of Computers – 1.1 History of Computers – CalculatorsCalculators

1958 1962

1971 1974

1985

2005

1616

1965:228 MB

1971:80 KB 1978:

360 KB

1987:1.44 MB

1996:100 MB

1.1 History of Computers – Data 1.1 History of Computers – Data StorageStorage

1717

1.1 History of Computers – Data 1.1 History of Computers – Data StorageStorage

IBM 3348 Data Module

1973 – Winchester Drive

• 30 MB Storage

• 30ms Access Time

• 18 Millionth’s inch

30-30 – Winchester Rifle

1818

1.1 History of Computers – 1.1 History of Computers – 1970’s1970’s

Xerox Alto

Start

Quit

1st GUI -

1973

1919

1.1 History of Computers – 1.1 History of Computers – 1980’s1980’s

1981

1980 1983

19861987

2020

IBM AS/400DEC Vax - 1986

1.1 History of Computers – 1.1 History of Computers – 1980’s1980’s

2121

Apple introduces the Mac!

1.1 History of Computers – 1980’s 1.1 History of Computers – 1980’s PC’sPC’s

2222

1.1 History – 1980’s Portables1.1 History – 1980’s Portables

2323

History of Computers – GUI’sHistory of Computers – GUI’s

1981

19841985

2424

History of Computers – 1990’sHistory of Computers – 1990’s

1990 1995

19981997

2626

History of Computers – 1990’sHistory of Computers – 1990’s1990 - Windows 3.0

2727

History of Computers – 2000 History of Computers – 2000 FutureFuture

2001

2003

2004

2005

2828

Cray Supercomputer - 2004

History of Computers – 2000 History of Computers – 2000 Future Future

2929

IBM Blue Gene - SupercomputerIBM Blue Gene - Supercomputer