History Civicc Class 6

7/28/2019 History Civicc Class 6

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1. HOW DO WE LEARN ABOUT HISTORY

1. What is history?Ans: History is the record of the past events of human life.

2. What are the different historical sources for studying history?Ans: The different historical sources of studying history are (a)

Archaeological sources and (b) Literary sources.

3. What is the importance of studying history?Ans: The study of history helps us to know about the development of thesociety in the past. It also teaches us to make progress in the present andplan for better future.

4. What is the meaning of the term archaeology?Ans: The scientific study of remains of the past excavated from earth is themeaning of archaeology.

5. How do archaeologists help us in reconstructing history?Ans: Archaeologists depend upon the archaeological sources such asremains of the monuments or ancient building which have been dug out ofthe earth for reconstruction of history.

6. How are literary sources classified? Give examples of each?Ans: Literary sources can be classified into two groups. Secular literatureand non secular literature.a) Secular literature: In India secular literature first made its appearancewith Arthashastra written in 4th century B.C. by Kautilya. Mudrarakshasha a

play written by Vihakhadatta gives glimpses of society.b) Non-Secular Literature: In India reciting verses from Vedas is a veryold tradition that has passed from generation to generation. The historicalworks throw light on the life of the people. The Ramayana and theMahabharata are the two great epics.


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2. EARLY MAN : FROM HUNTING GATHERING TO SETTLED AGRICULTURE

1. How did Early Stone Age man make his tools and weapons?Ans: the early man used weapons made of hard stones which were crudeand had no handles. Early man used knives, choppers, hand axes etc., forkilling animals and cutting trees.

2. How did man discover fire and for what purposes did he use it?Ans: The early man discovered that he could light fire by rubbing twostones or two pieces of wood and this was great change in the way of life .Slowly he learnt to cook and to keep himself warm.

3. What were the religious beliefs of the early Stone Age man?Ans: The early Stone Age man keenly observed the nature because theydid not known why they were floods or droughts. The early man was notaware of the climatic changes. So they started believing in witchcraft andmagic.

4. Describe the features of Mesolithic Age (middle stone age)?Ans: The period between the Old Stone Age and the new stone age iscalled Mesolithic age. During this period, man moved towards watersources like rivers, lakes and improved the quality of weapons and toolslike bows and arrows to hunt animals. Early man gradually becoming offood grower.

5. How did man become a food grower in the Neolithic Age?Ans: The most important development of new Stone Age was that mannow began to cultivate crops for food. Gradually he learnt to prepare the

soil, plant the seed, take care of the growing plants and harvest themwhen ripe. He cultivated wheat, barley, and other food.

6. How did man invent the wheel? What is the importance of invention ofwheel?Ans: The invention of the wheel change nearly man life. Perhaps he gotthe idea while rolling logs of wood. Man fixed four wheels to the sledgeswhich improved transportation. Wheel was used for spinning, weaving, andmaking pottery and carrying heavy loads. The invention of wheel was animportant step in making transportation easy.

7. Describe the development of art and crafts in the Neolithic Age.Ans: Beginning of agriculture and domestication for animals led to problemof storage for which pots were needed. Pots were also needed for cookingand eating. The Neolithic mans horizon in art widened. He decorated thepots and caves, baskets of grass and reeds, ropes of jute were some of thecrafts that Neolithic man learnt.

8. Describe any two features of the Chalcolithic Age.Ans: cultivation of land in new Stone Age brought a lot of changes in themans way of living. Discovery of metal brought rapid change in mans

progress. Tools and implements used were better and sharpen than theearly Stone Age. Farmers adopted to cultivation. Women worked in thefields and took care of the family.


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3.EARLY RIVER VALLEY CIVILISATION MESOPTAMIAN, EGYPTIAN AND

CHINESE CIVILISATIONS.

1. Define Civilisation. Why is bronze Age Civilisation so called?Ans: An advanced stage of development progress towards comforts andconvenience is known as civilization. Bronze was use to make weapons,

tools, utensils so it is called Bronze Age civilization.

2. Give any three features of Mesopotamian Civilisation?Ans: The society: the Mesopotamian society was divided into threeclasses upper, middle and lower classes. 1) The upper class consisted ofking high officials and priests who led a luxury life. 2) The middle classconsisted of peasants, merchants and shop keepers. This class wasprosperous. 3) The lower classconsisted of salutes and labourersPosition of women: the Sumerian society was patriarchal. The position ofwomen was very low and they had to work hard.

3. What is ziggurat?Ans: Ziggurat was the secret temple of the Sumerian. It was built in theshape of a tall tower and could be seen from many miles away.

4. Who was Hammurabi? What were his achievements?Ans: Hammurabi was an invader of 6 th century who brought the plains ofsumeria to the greatest level of civilization. They prepared the first code oflaws which brought unity to the kingdom.

5. State the achievements of the Egyptian in the spheres of art andarchitecture?Ans: The Egyptian architecture took the form of tombs, temples andpalaces. The colossal tomb of the pharaohs are among the largest evermade by man.

6. What do you know about the Great Pyramid?Ans: The largest Pyramid built by Pharaoh Cheopa is 175 feet high and 760feet broad. It covers an area of 18 acres. More than two million huge stoneblocks were used in its construction. It is one of the Seven Wonders of theWorld.

7. Describe the religious beliefs of ancient Egyptians?Ans: Religion touched every phase of life. They believed that each godrevealed himself in the guise of some animals such as bull , crocodile orcat.

8. What art of writing was developed by the Chinese?Ans: The art of writing developed by the Chinese was pictorial writing, butlater the script became more complex. There were 40,000 word pictures.The Chinese script is written upward down script.


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9. Why Egypt is called the gift of Nile?Ans: Egypt , as the Greek historian Herodotus said was the gift of Nile.The great river divide Egypt into two parts-Lower Egypt and upper Egypt.The yearly floods made this region fertile and green. It was on this narrowstrip of fertile land that a civilsation flourished for more than 2000 years.Egyptian civilization is one of the earliest and the most remarkablecivilizations of the world.

10.What were the religious beliefs of the Chinese?Ans: The Chinese worshipped their ancestors and believed in life afterdeath. It was believed that these priests were close to gods and acted asmediators between the people and the spirits.

11.What was the role of family in the earl Chinese society?Ans: The family was the most significant unit for Chinese. The familyprovided security, education, social contact, recreation and work to itsmembers. They believed in the concept of large joint families. The fatherwas the center of authority.

12.Write about economic life of people in ancient china?Ans: china was mainly an agricultural country. A developed irrigationsystem ensured surplus production of food grains. The farmers lack ofcapital and storage facilities kept him at the mercy of middle-men. Chinawas the first country to discover silk.

13.Describe the contribution of Confucius to philosophy?Ans: Confucius was born in shantung in 531 BCE. He began teaching atthe age of twenty three. He aspired for a high political office. He became ateacher and proved himself to be a great teacher.Confucianisim was

basically a practical code of moral conduct.

14.what was the features of Taoism?Ans: Lao-tse was the founder of philosophy of Taoism. His ideas weresimple. His teaching emphasize on morals, duties and some rules ofnature that affect the lives of people.

15.what do you know about the great wall of china?Ans: The great wall of china starts , run across northern and westernfrontiers of china and reaches Tibet. It is approximately 26 feet high and15 feet thick. It has thousands of big towers , each planned for garrison of

one hundred men. It has ten thousand smaller watch towers. Thousands oflabourers were forced to toil for its construction. It is said that every stonecost human life. The great china wall is one of the wonders of theancient world.

16.Describe the development of science, mathematics and medicine inancient china?Ans: The country of china made tremendous progress in the field of scienceand technology. 2) they developed the art of block printing. 3) the marinerscompass was invented in china 4) they accurately record earth quakes with

the help of seismograph called the earth quaker. 5) Chinese invented theabacus 6) Chinese had accurately calculated the value of pi ( ). 7) a bookon medicine , complied in the chou period, gives a list of diseases and theirtreatment.


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4. HARAPPAN CIVILISATION

Define:Citadel : a fort like building on a raised ground.Granary : a store house where grains are stored.Civilisation : a human society which has a high level of social organization ,culture and a

comfortable way of life.Guild : an association of merchants, traders or craftsmen.

1. Describe the extent of Harappan Civilisation?Ans: Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa remains have been discovered at a largenumber of places in Sindh and Baluchistan, Lothal in Gujarat, Kalibangan inRajasthan.

2. Describe the town planning system of Harappan civilisation?Ans: Harappan towns had well planned wide streets just like modern cities. Themain road were 33 feet wide. All the streets were linked from east to west orfrom north to south. Town planning indicates towards authority that control thedevelopment of the city.

3. What do you know about the Great Bath at Mohenjodaro?Ans: The great bath at Mohenjodaro was considered the most important buildingof Mohenjodaro. It consists of verandahs. In the centre a swimming pool wasconcentrated. The pool was connected with good systems for filling and emptyingit. The great bath seem to be an ideal swimming resort.

4. Give an account of the great Granary at Harappa?Ans: At Harappa the most remarkable building excavated in the Citadel area wasgranary. The granaries were build near the river banks, which allowed easytransportation of grains by boats.

5. Write a note on the sculptural art of the Harappans?Ans: A large number of both male and female figurines made from bronze, stoneand clay have been discovered from many places. The Indus people were skilledin this art decorated the figurines beautifully. The terracotta figurine of womanreferred to as the mother goddess, unearthed at Mohenjodaro, is a fine place ofart.

6. What do you know about the art of writing of the people of HarappanCivilisation?

Ans: The art of writing of the Harappan civilization was known as pictographicscript. It has about 270 signs and their own languages.

7. Describe the social life of the Indus Valley people?Ans: Food: The Indus valley civilization consisted of wheat, barley, rice, milk,vegetables, fruits and dates.Dress and ornaments: cotton as well as woolen clothes were commonly usedby the people. Both men and women seem to be found of ornaments likenecklaces, amulets , finger rings, bangles etc., They were made ofgold,silver,copper and bronze.

Condition of women: The condition of women they were held in society Theworship of mother goddess shows that the women were held in high regard.


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8. Write note on the industry and trade of the Harappan civilisation?Ans: trade: the harappan flourishing trade relations with southern and easternindia, kashmir and the niligiri hills. Textiles were exported to Babylon. Theinternal we as external trade was carried out through water ways.

9. Write a note on religious life of the Harappan people?Ans:The harappan people worshipped mother goddess. They also worshipped

male gods that were surrounded by animals like elephants, tigers, buffalo etc.

7. THE VEDIC CIVILISATION OF INDIA

1. Who were the Indo-Aryans or the Vedic People?Ans: The stream of migrant that came and settled in India is known as Indo-Aryans.

2. Describe the family life of the early vedic people??Ans: The family was the pivot of the vedic society joint family played animportant part. Grahapati controlled the family. The property belonged to thefamily as whole.

3. Give an account of the main occupations of the vedic people??Ans: 1.Agriculture : The chief occupation of the people was agriculture. The maincrops grow were barely, rice and wheat .The rearing of cattle was anotheroccupation.2. Industry : There were weavers , tanners potters, carpenters, gold smith andironsmiths discovery of iron helped the people to make houses roads etc.,3. Trade and commerce : Trade and commerce had not yet developed. Bartersystem was the method of carrying on trade. The standard unit of value was the

cow.4. What do you know about the position of the king in the early vedic age?

what were the checks on his power?Ans: The term Raja was used for an ordinary king. The powerful of the kingadopted the titles,Sarvabhum, Ekarat. The office of the king had almost becomehereditary. The greatest check upon the powers of the king was the DHARMA orreligion.

5. What was the position of women during the later vedic period?Ans: Women were highly respected in the society every mother was more or less

a Goddess to her children. Women had freedom of choice of her partner, which isproved by the practice of swayamvara.

6. Explain the four ashram system?Ans: A mans life for instance was divided into four ashrams. Brahmacharya upto the age of 25 years. During this period he was to undergo rigorous discipline.During the second period Grishastha ashram , a man was to live a house holderslife. During the third period vanaprastha ashram he was to wear himself awayfrom the family and lead retired life. During the lost period sanyas asharam hewas to live as hermit , meditate on god to attain Moksha or salvation.


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7. Write a note on the four veadas?Ans: Rig Veda : The Rig Veda is the oldest and the most important Veda. Itcontains 10,500 mantras , 1,028 sholakas arranged in ten mandalas.2. Sama Veda : The Sama Veda contains 1,549 hymns to be sung at the time ofyajnas.3. Yajur Veda : The Yajur Veda is also called the book of sacrificial prayers.4. Atharva Veda : The Atharva Veda contains hymns dealing with special

customs manner etc.

8. Write note on the following the Bhagawad gita , Ramayana,andmahabharatha?

Ans: 1.Bhagawad Giha : It forms a part of Mahabharata and has influencedHindu thought. It teaches the doctrine of nishkama karma ( work done withoutseeking any rewards) and bhakti (faith) in the Almighty God.2. Ramayana : Hindus regard Rama and Krishna as incarnation of one SupremeGod Vishnu. The story of heroic deeds of Rama of Ayodhya is contained inRamayana. It is the finest examples of epic poem and comprises of 21,000

shlokas or couplets.3. Mahabharata : Mahabharata is the longest epic poem in the world. Itcontains 100,000 shlokas . It is believed to be work of sage Vyasa. But in itspresent form it cannot be regarded as the work of one author.

7. JAINISM, BUDDHISM AND CONFUCIANISM

1. What were the causes for the rise of Jainism and Buddhisim?Ans: Jainisim and Buddhism arose as reaction to the rigid Vedic religion. Theyajnas performed became very complex and expensive . The rigid caste systemmade the life of the shudras miserable.

2. Describe the life story of Mahavera?Ans: Mahavira was the 24th Jain Tirthankara . He was born near Vaishali in NorthBihar, in 540 BCE. He belonged to well-known Kshatriya clan. Even though hewas brought up midst luxury, yet from an early age, he had a spiritual bent ofmind. He was married to a princess named Yashodha. At the age of thirty, hebecame an ascetic(sanyasi). He practised severe penance (tapasya) for twelveyears. He ultimately reached his goal and attained the supreme knowledge in thethirteenth year of his tapsaya .

3. Describe the main technique of Jainsim?Ans: 1. No belief in God : Mahavira has no belief in God. He did not believe thatGod was the creator or had any personal control over it.2. Attainment of Salvation : Jainism believe that salvation can be achieved byfollowing Right Faith ,Right Knowledge ,and Right action.3.Existence of soul : The prime objective of Mahaviras teachings wasattainment of salvation. It could be done freeing the soul from worldly ties.4. Worship of 23Tirthankaras: Mahavira supported the teachings of 23 earlierreligious teaching called Tirthankaras.


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4. Describe the life story of Mahatma Buddha?Ans: Mahatma Budda also known as siddhartha was the founder of Buddhisim.Guatama Buddha was born at Lumbini in 563 BCE . He was the only son of RajyaSuddhodhana, the ruler of Kapilavastu. His mother Maya died a week after hisbirth.The boy was brought up in luxury. From an early age ,Siddhartha had aspiritual bearing. He married princess Yashodhara at the age of 18, and had ason named Rahula. One night he quietly left the palace to become an ascetic .

This event in the life of Buddha is called the Great Renunciation.5. What is the meaning of Middle Path preached by the Buddha ?

Ans: Buddha insisted that a person should avoid excess of both luxury andausterity. Middle Path should be opted as a means of deliverance from suffering.Mans present and his next lives depend upon his Karma. Everybody must reapthe fruit of their actions.

6. Write any two causes for the spread of Buddhism in India?Ans: 1. Simple Teaching and Language : Principles of Buddhism were not onlysimple , but was also taught in common mans language. The Buddhist monks

used pali, the language of people.2.Royal support : The support of the kings also generally contributed to therapid spread of buddhisim . Ashoka used all the resources of the state topropagate Buddhism.

7. Give two teachings of mahatma Buddha ?Ans: Non violence : Like the Jains , Buddhist too believe in Ahimsa or non-violence. Buddha criticised animal sacrifice.2. Karma : Mans present and his next lives depend upon his karma . Everybodymust reap the fruit of their actions.

8. Compare Buddhism and Confucianism. Also mention main teachings ofConfucianism ?

Ans:

Buddhism Confucianism

Buddha renounced the world . He livedan ascetic life.

Confucius did not renounce the world.He shared lifes pleasures.

It was based on religious beliefs. It was based on ethical system

The main teaching of Confucianism was humanity and benevolence, honesty andfaithfulness and knowledge.


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1. Man as a social being ( civics)

1. Why do human beings live in society?Ans: Man needs co-operation of the community because he cannot fulfil hisneeds alone . The social economics and cultured development is possible only inthe society or community.

2. State the natural environment in which early man lived?Ans: The early man was a food gathers , he wandered in search of food fromplace to place. He ate wild fruits , roots and small animals , forest , mountainsall other natural things farmed his natural environment.

3. What is the difference between a natural environment and a man madeenvironment?

Ans:

Natural environment Man made environment

Natural environment is surrounded byliving and non living they are foundnaturally in earth.

Man made environment refers to thehuman made surroundings that providethe setting for human activity.

He lived in natural shelter and ate plantroots etc.

With advancement in technology andscience man started living in structuresof bricks and cements

4. What is the role of family in developing the personality of child?Ans : Family is the most basic social unit of community. Parents fulfill the needsof their children. It is also a training ground where children learn to obey theirparents develop sense of duty to their parents, siblings and society . The childrenare also taught to live and work together the family inculcates among its youngermembers a sense of togetherness as well as responsibility towards thecommunity.

5. How does a school help in developing civic sense among the students?Ans : The school plays no less important in shaping the future of a child. It gives

him lessons in civic life. Besides imparting education, the school develops goodhabits among the students. A school has a number of rules for its smoothworking . It is the duty of every student to obey these rules. For example, astudent must reach school on time, take keen interest in his studies and take

part in other activities of the school, to co-operate with his class fellows andteachers in their work. Maintain discipline in the class and school functions . Thestudents must be gentle, polite and respect the teachers.


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2. DIFFERENT LEVELS OF COMMUNITY ( civics)

1. What was the conditions of the villages in India before independence?Ans: Before independence the villages lacked many facilities like clean drinkingwater , electricity , dispensaries, etc. The government made no efforts toimprove their condition . The rich land lords took undue advantage of the poverty

and illiteracy.

2. What measures have been taken by the government for the developmentof agriculture?

Ans: The state government have passed land ceiling acts and for consolidation ofland holdings called chakbandi. Irrigation facilities were provided to farmers byconstructing canals dams . High Yielding Variety of seeds, fertilizers , pesticideswere developed to increase the out put per acre.

3. What do we mean by scientific agriculture?Ans: scientific agriculture means the use of tractors, fertilizers , high yieldingvarieties of seeds and pesticides to improve the crops.

4. How did the big Zamidars exploit the land less labourers? How has thegovernment stopped the practice of bonded labour?

Ans: The Zamindars created obstacles in the development of villages. They tookundue advantage of the poverty , illiteracy and ignorance of the villagers. Thegovernment has stopped the practices of bonded labour by providing betterfacilities to the farmers to grow crops. The government is providing healthcenters, education for improving the conditions of the farmers.

5. What are the advantages of the setting up cottage industries in the village?Ans: The government helps the farmers in establishing cottage industries likespinning and weaving, bee farming to provide alternate sources of employmentto the villagers.

6. What do you mean by a nation? Into how many states and territories isindia divided?

Ans: A nation is large scale system of the called country. Modern nations havedefinite geographic boundaries and their own system of government. There are 7union territories and 28 states.

7. Give an account of diversity among the people of india ?Ans: India is a land of diversity community.

1. Dress and costumes: dress and costumes differ not only from onegeographic region to another but among different communities.

2. Food: south dishes are completely different from north Indian dishes.3. People living in different states eat different varieties of food.4. Religion: people of India follow different religions they may be Hindus,

Buddhists, Muslims, Sikhs, Christians etc., or of any other religion, but maylike together in the same village or city.


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8. What similarities are there between people belonging to differentcommunities ?

Ans: Illiteracy : Most illiterate people are ignorant and superstitious. Theybelong to all communities. Illiteracy is also more in rural areas than in cities andtowns.2. un employment : unemployment problem is very high in the villages . Theunemployed belong to almost all communities. It is because agriculture in India

is still season dependent so major part of the year are jobless.3. Family life : the family life among different communities in villages towns andcities is almost similar.

3. HOW WE GOVERN OUR COMMUNTIES IN THE VILLAGE PANCHAYAT

1. Why were the panchayats established in the village?Ans: village had council of five member . it looked after all the affairs of thevillage. They maintained peace and order , looked after the roads, bridges,health and sanitation etc., they tried minor civil and criminal cases and settleddisputes . The people considered the panchayats Impartial and respected itspanchas or members , so panchayat established.

2. How are the members of panchayat elected ?Ans: the panchayat elects one of its members as sarpanch. The sarpanch iselected directly by the village adults. He calls the meetings of the panchayat andpresides over them. The panchayat Secretary is appointed by the deputyCommissioner. He is a permanent employee of the panchayat and draws asalary.

3. How is panchayat secretary appointed ? what are the duties?

Ans: The panchayat secretary or panchayat sevak: He is appointed by theDeputy Commissioner . He is a permanent employee of the panchayat and drawa salary. He prepares the records and registers of the work done by thepanchayat . He also prepares panchayat accounts . Generally , a secretary looksafter the work of two or three panchayats.

History Civicc Class 6

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