History and Economy of Russia
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Transcript of History and Economy of Russia
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History and Economy of Russia
C/Maj Weisman
MSG/CC
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History Overview• Ancient Russia
• Mongol Russia
• Romanovian Russia
• Napoleonic Russia
• Revolutionary Russia
• Soviet Russia
• Modern Day Russia
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Ancient Russia
• Many different migrating peoples from different
kingdoms
• In 862 the Varangian leader Rurik led his people
east across the Baltic Sea to modern day
Russia and the city of Novgorod where he ruled
• Started a long line of succession as the
kingdom increased in size and adopted Eastern
Orthodox as religion
• In 1147 small town of Moscow established
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Mongol Russia• Rule ended by invasion of Mongols in 1237 by Batu Khan
• Very little happened in the next century
• Moscow gained strength and overthrew Tartars under Ivan the
Great
• Ivan’s grandson, Ivan the Terrible, finally pulled together the
country through domination and subjugation
• At the beginning his reign was good, but got worse as he aged and
his temper worsened
• After Ivan the Terrible’s death there was no clear ruler for 8 years
until the Romanov's came to power
• Romanov's ruled for the next 304 years
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Romanovian Russia• Peter the Great and Ivan shared power after their father’s death
• Ivan eventually died and Peter took over
• Peter modernized Russia to be more like western Europe, shaving off beards of men in his
court, changing clothing rules, and increasing industrialization, and militarization
• Peter’s son disagreed with him and fled to Vienna, however he later returned and was tried for
treason and died from torture
• Peter disliked Moscow and had the city of St. Petersburg built and made the new capital
• Peter Ruled until 1725
• Later Catherine the Great came to power and reinstituted Peter the Greats policies of
westernization and centralizing the government
• She ruled until 1796 and shortly thereafter Alexander I came to power
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Napoleonic Russia
• Napoleon attempted to get Alexander I to surrender by invading Russia
• Alexander I had his troops retreat slowly and destroy all homes and supplies as they
retreated
• Eventually their armies met 70 miles outside Moscow with no clear victor
• Alexander I then had Moscow evacuated and all supplies destroyed
• Napoleon seized Moscow only to find it devoid of people and supplies, and later that
night the city caught fire
• This left the French without supplies and shelter in the middle of winter, which lead
to their fall
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Revolutionary Russia• Since the reign of Ivan the Terrible, the Russian Tsars had followed
a fairly consistent policy of drawing more political power away from
the nobility and into their own hands
• By the time of Catherine the Great, the Russian Tsars enjoyed
virtually autocratic rule over their nobles
• However, they basically purchased this power by granting nobles
virtually autocratic power over the serfs, who by this time had been
reduced to a state closer to slavery than to peasantry
• After several more Tsars and World War I the climate had reached a
boil and Russia went into revolution
• Many different groups started uprising and each struggled for power
for 3 years until the Bolsheviks emerged on top
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Soviet Russia• Lenin was the first ruler and instituted a new economic
policy (NEP) including elements of a free market to help
with post war problems
• Lenin ruled until 1924 when he was succeeded by Joseph
Stalin who consolidated the state’s control over all
aspects of Russia
• Stalin waged many brutal campaigns to quell dissention
• Russia allied with Allies in WWII but afterwards viewed
them as an enemy
• After WWII cold war started between Russia and the west
over concerns that western economics and values were
flawed
• USSR finally collapsed in 1991 after economic collapse
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Modern Day Russia• Struggling to become a democracy but
held back by many economic problems,
political corruption, and social inequality
• Many were dependent on the USSR
support network but now must find a
way to support themselves without
many jobs and high inflation
• Population decline due to poor
healthcare and poverty, it’s estimated
Russia’s population will fall to 110
million by 2050
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Economy Overview
• Economy at a Glance
• Economy from the end
of the USSR to present
• Russia and US
economic relations
• Economic Graphs
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Economy at a GlanceRussia USA
GDP (Purchasing Price Parity) $2,076,000,000,000 $13,860,000,000,000Labor Force 75,100,000 153,100,000Unemployment Rate 5.90% 4.60%Population Below Poverty Line 15.80% 12%Inflation Rate 11.90% 2.70%Currency (Exchange Rate) 25.659 rubles $1
Origins of gross domestic product 2006
% of total
Agriculture 4.9I ndustry 39.3Services 55.8
Main destinations of exports 2006
% of total
Netherlands 12.3I taly 8.6Germany 8.4China 5.4
Main origins of imports 2006
% of total
Germany 13.9China 9.7Ukraine 7J apan 5.9
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Russian Economy• Russian economy underwent huge economic decline following collapse of
USSR and soviet social net
• “Economic Shock Therapy” instituted by Gorbachev which lead to a policy of
glasnost, or openness within the media and arts, and perestroika
• Perestroika (meaning economic reconstruction), was an economic policy of
reduced subsidies to industry, allowing companies to go bankrupt, accepting
unemployment and foreign investment, and restructuring the banking system
• In 2006, Russia signed a bilateral market access agreement with the US as a
prelude to possible WTO entry
• Russia ended 2007 with its ninth straight year of growth, averaging 7%
annually since the financial crisis of 1998.
• Soaring oil prices have led to Russia being able to pay off much of it’s debt
but Russia still lags behind many G8 countries
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Russian Economy (cont)
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Conclusion
•History of Russia from ancient Russia to present
•Soviet economic policies
•Current Russian economy
•US-Russian economic relations
•Questions