HistoryHistoryFerrara RingFerrara Ring

Paulo Ferrara, MD, PhDPaulo Ferrara, MD, PhDLeonardo Torquetti, MD, PhDLeonardo Torquetti, MD, PhD

1950 - Barraquer, J., Intracorneal implants for high myopia1950 - Barraquer, J., Intracorneal implants for high myopia

1966 - Blavatskaya - Corneal rings from corneal tissue1966 - Blavatskaya - Corneal rings from corneal tissue

1986 - Simon, G. - Silicon Rings1986 - Simon, G. - Silicon Rings

1987 - Fleming - Adjustable rings1987 - Fleming - Adjustable rings

1991 - Nosé, W - Single piece rings for low myopia1991 - Nosé, W - Single piece rings for low myopia

1991- Ferrara, P., Single piece rings for high myopia1991- Ferrara, P., Single piece rings for high myopia

1996 - Ferrara, P. - Ring segments for Keratoconus1996 - Ferrara, P. - Ring segments for Keratoconus

1997 - Colin, J.- Ring segments for Keratoconus1997 - Colin, J.- Ring segments for Keratoconus

HISTORYHISTORY

19501950 - Barraquer J - Barraquer J

Rings implanted for correction of highRings implanted for correction of high

myopiamyopia

HISTORYHISTORY

19861986 - Simon, G. - Silicon Rings - Simon, G. - Silicon Rings

Rings implanted through a small pocket. Rings implanted through a small pocket.

HISTORYHISTORY

19871987 - Fleming - Fleming

Adjustable rings - cornealAdjustable rings - corneal

steepening and flatteningsteepening and flattening

adjusted by the ring.adjusted by the ring.

HISTORYHISTORY

19861986 - Ferrara, P - Ferrara Rings - Ferrara, P - Ferrara Rings

Questions to be answered:Questions to be answered:

Optical zone?Optical zone?

Shape?Shape?

Surgical technique?Surgical technique?

Depth?Depth?

Tolerance and stability?Tolerance and stability? Pocket incisionPocket incision

HISTORYHISTORY

19911991 - Ferrara Ring - Ferrara Ring

Microkeratectomy incisionMicrokeratectomy incision

Single piece ringSingle piece ring

HISTORYHISTORY

Single piece ringSingle piece ring

HISTORYHISTORY

19941994 - Ferrara Ring - Ferrara Ring

Tunnel incisionTunnel incision

Tunnelization instrumentsTunnelization instruments

HISTORYHISTORY

HISTORYHISTORY

HISTORYHISTORY

HISTORYHISTORY

HISTORYHISTORY

The coincidence of the incision and the ringThe coincidence of the incision and the ringimpaired the healing process and led to extrusionimpaired the healing process and led to extrusion

in several cases.in several cases.

The full ring is The full ring is ““splittedsplitted”” in 2 segments in 2 segments

HISTORYHISTORY

19951995 - Ferrara Ring - Ferrara Ring

Low predictability for myopia Low predictability for myopia

New indication:New indication:

Keratoconus patients intolerantKeratoconus patients intolerant

to contact lensto contact lens

HISTORYHISTORY

19961996 - Ferrara Ring - Ferrara Ring

First nomogram for keratoconusFirst nomogram for keratoconus

Improvement of the design,Improvement of the design,

including the holes at the tip ofincluding the holes at the tip of

segments.segments.

HISTORYHISTORY

20002000 - Ferrara Ring - Ferrara Ring

Use of asymetric segments andUse of asymetric segments and

single segmentssingle segments

HISTORYHISTORY

20022002 - Ferrara Ring - Ferrara Ring

Nomogram based on spherical Nomogram based on spherical

equivalent.equivalent.

20062006 - Ferrara Ring - Ferrara Ring

Nomogram based on topographicNomogram based on topographic

astigmatismastigmatism

HISTORYHISTORY

20062006 - Ferrara Ring - Ferrara Ring

Launching of the yellow ringLaunching of the yellow ring

to reduce halos and glare/to reduce halos and glare/

HISTORYHISTORY

20092009 - Ferrara Ring - Ferrara Ring

Nomogram based on cornealNomogram based on corneal

asphericity.asphericity.

HISTORYHISTORY

Developed BYDeveloped BYDr. Leonardo TorquettiDr. Leonardo Torquetti

Shares and Comments are well come.Shares and Comments are well come.