Historical Perspective Immunity - state of protection from an infectious disease. 430 BC – Greek...
Transcript of Historical Perspective Immunity - state of protection from an infectious disease. 430 BC – Greek...
Historical Perspective
Immunity - state of protection from an infectious disease.430 BC – Greek historian Thucydides - Athenian plague
15th century – Chinese attempts to induce immunity
1718 – Mary Wortley Montagu – innoculated her children
1798 – Edward Jenner – milkmaids and cowpox/smallpox
Historical Perspective
early 1880’s – Cholera and chickens
Attenuation hypothesis
1881 – Testing the hypothesis with anthrax and sheep
1885 – Rabies vaccine
Louis Pasteur
Historical Perspective1890 - Behring and Kitasato – link serum to immunity
1883 – Metchnikoff – links cells (phagocytes) to immunity
early 1900’s – many functions of immune serum
1930’s – Kabat - immunoglobulin/antibodies
1950’s – Glick – two types of lymphocytes
Historical Perspective
1900 – Paul Ehrlich – Selective theory
1950’s – Jerne, Talmadge and Burnet – clonal selection theory
Historical Perspective
Infection and Immunitypathogens – organisms causing disease
pathogenesis – the means by which disease-causing organisms attach a host.
Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Innate
1st line of defense
Non-specific mechanisms
Phagocytes and recognition molecules
Adaptive
2nd line of defense
Highly specific mechanisms
Lymphocytes, antigen specific
receptors, antibodies
Immune Dysfunction
Allergies and asthma
Autoimmune disease
Immunodeficiency